Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Statistics for Spatial Data.

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Legumes, besides being self-sufficient for nitrogen nutrition, contribute to enrich the pool of cropsrotations in livestock, crop or mixed agricultural systems. Therefore legumes contribute to biodiversity inrural landscape, directly as grassland and crop species (and plant genotypes), and indirectly as habitatsfor wild fauna (insects, birds, soils fauna and micro biomass). Agricultural systems and practices greatlyinfluence their abundance. Management of permanent grasslands, including cut/graze ratio, stockingrates, fertilization, interacting with soil and climate conditions, determine legumes abundance anddiversity, that react quickly to changes of grassland use, and contribute to grassland resilience. In cash crop areas, introducing grain legumes or alfalfa allow a decrease in weeds development and in the useof herbicides. After the state of the art survey concerning impacts of farming systems on legumes, weillustrate some examples of cropping system management including alfalfa, to highlight how adaptedpractices (crop growth, harvest, crops rotations) can help to reverse legumes decline, by substantiallyimproving both agricultural production, animal and plant biodiversity

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01136964/document

Contribution des légumineuses à la biodiversité des paysages ruraux

Supplementary material from "A circannual perspective on daily and total flight distances in a long-distance migratory raptor, the Montagu's harrier; Circus pygargus"

Weeds are commonly assumed to induce yield loss because of resource competition. However, there is growing empirical evidence that the picture is much more complex, because fertilizer inputs, by modifying the level of resources and weeding by removing some weed species, affect the outcome of crop-weed interaction. We assess how two important crop production inputs - nitrogen (N) fertilization and weed-control - affect a fundamental non-chemical means of weed management, the outcome of crop-weed competition, in real field conditions in 56 winter cereal fields, of which 23 were organically farmed. We used a factorial design with two levels (absence/presence) of nitrogen input and weed control inputs, but in our case, the “control” (i.e., presence level) for both practices was the usual practice of the farmer (which therefore varied). We found that crop aboveground biomass and grain yield were positively related to the amount of Ntotal (N soil plus N fertilizer), while weed species assemblages were negatively affected, showing lower species richness and weed abundance (i.e., number of plants). We also detected a contrast between farming systems: conventional fields (CF), managed with higher amount of total N and weed control, showed higher crop biomass and grain yield, and lower weed abundance compared to organically farmed fields (OF). Importantly, the findings showed that the outcome of the competition between crops and weeds was largely in favor of the crop plants in CF fields, even in the absence of weed control. In OF fields, the outcome of the competition between weeds and crop plants was still largely in favor of the crop, but at a lesser extent than in CF fields. The patterns were similar in unfertilized plots, though weed control in CF fields was more effective at low amounts of N, suggesting that more intense weed control is required in N-rich fields to maintain crop production. Overall, we argue that these results may underlie an agronomic trap: while an increased supply of nitrogen generally increases crop yield, it also benefits to weeds, requiring more efficient weed control. 

/pdf/disentangling-the-effect-of-nitrogen-input-and-weed-control-1ani8u4r.pdf

Disentangling the effect of nitrogen input and weed control on crop–weed competition suggests a potential agronomic trap in conventional farming

New petrel records on Île Saint-Paul, southern Indian Ocean

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0032247400022853

Vincent Bretagnolle

Papers

Contribution des légumineuses à la biodiversité des paysages ruraux

Supplementary material from "A circannual perspective on daily and total flight distances in a long-distance migratory raptor, the Montagu's harrier; Circus pygargus"

Disentangling the effect of nitrogen input and weed control on crop–weed competition suggests a potential agronomic trap in conventional farming

New petrel records on Île Saint-Paul, southern Indian Ocean

French biologists reply to Greenpeace report