Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Statistics for Spatial Data.

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Metabarcoding approaches are powerful tools to unravel trophic relationships between predators and prey. To apply metabarcoding analyses on invertebrate gut contents, specimens must be well preserved from DNA degradation, thus the trapping method should be selected accordingly. Dry pitfall traps are commonly assumed to provide a better DNA preservation than traps that use a killing agent. However, this assumption has never been specifically tested for gut content analyses. In our study, we compared how two types of pitfall trapping, dry vs. with brine, affect the conservation of prey DNA contained in the digestive tract of predators and subsequent metabarcoding analyses. We placed dry and “classic” pitfall traps in oilseed rape fields within an intensive agricultural area in the French Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Traps were set up in autumn and compared for carabid trapping efficiency as well as our capacity to retrieve dietary information from the digestive tract of the main carabid species, Nebria salina and Calathus fuscipes. PCR success rate was higher in dry pitfall traps compared to classic ones for N. salina. We hypothesise that this was due to the presence of PCR inhibitors in the gut of this species. The ability to sequence prey DNA did not differ between specimens caught in both trap types. The list of predated species was similar between both trap types. However, sequencing yielded more prey OTUs from specimens caught in dry pitfall traps, leading to difference in prey community composition and a greater ability to reconstruct prey community Our analyses also shed light on the prey spectrum of Calathus fuscipes and Nebria salina in oilseed rape in autumn.

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A comparison of live versus kill pitfall traps to assess the diet of carabids through a metabarcoding approach

Pterodroma leucoptera caledonica is a subspecies of Gould’s Petrel endemic to New Caledonia. Its distribution, abundance and breeding biology are poorly known. Extensive surveys of New Caledonia be...

Status of Gould’s Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera caledonica in New Caledonia: distribution, breeding biology, threats and conservation

Cet article presente une solution open-source pour l’acquisition et l’exploitation de donnees environnementales heterogenes collectees sur la zone atelier Plaine et Val de Sevre. En presentant les systemes d’information geographique facilitant la gestion de differentes donnees de l’observatoire environnemental de Chize, notamment les bases de donnees sur l’assolement et l’avifaune, nous identifions les besoins d’analyse spatio-temporelle des experts biologistes et ecologues vis-a-vis de ces bases heterogenes. Nous montrons comment la mise en œuvre d’un framework base sur une ontologie spatio-temporelle peut resoudre les difficultes d’analyse et de maintenance qu’induisent ces systemes, amenes a de constantes evolutions de leurs modeles. En particulier, la demonstration de la faisabilite d’un tel systeme est faite, et nous testons sa capacite a repondre a des requetes complexes melant plusieurs sources de donnees et les dimensions spatiales et temporelles.

Système d’information spatiotemporel pour l’intégration et l’exploitation de données environnementales

a b s t r a c t A statistical procedure is proposed in order to estimate the interaction radius between points of a non-stationary point process when the process can present local aggregated and regular patterns. The model under consideration is a hierarchical process with two

Estimatinginter-groupinteractionradiusforpointprocesseswith nestedspatialstructures

Traditionally, discriminant analysis in a decision purpose proceeds in the following manner (McLachlan 1992): A sample is drawn from a population and a partition of this sample in two classes, males and females, is known. Using some variables, an allocation rule is established in order to classify other elements of the previous population. An underlying assumption of this procedure is that the learning sample is representative of the population, i.e. its parameters about the predictive features are statistically not different from the ones of the population.

Vincent Bretagnolle

Papers

A comparison of live versus kill pitfall traps to assess the diet of carabids through a metabarcoding approach

Status of Gould’s Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera caledonica in New Caledonia: distribution, breeding biology, threats and conservation

Système d’information spatiotemporel pour l’intégration et l’exploitation de données environnementales

Estimatinginter-groupinteractionradiusforpointprocesseswith nestedspatialstructures

Model on a population and prediction on another one: a generalized discriminant rule