Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Statistics for Spatial Data.

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

As top predators, seabirds can be indirectly impacted by climate variability and commercial fishing activities through changes in marine communities. However, high mobility and foraging behaviour enables seabirds to exploit prey distributed patchily in time and space. This capacity to adapt to environmental change can be described through the study of their diet. Traditionally, the diet of seabirds is assessed through the morphological identification of prey remains in regurgitates. This sampling method is invasive for the bird and limited in terms of taxonomic resolution. However, the recent progress in DNA-based approaches is now providing a non-invasive means to more comprehensively and accurately characterize animal diets. Here, we used a non-invasive metabarcoding approach to characterize the diet of the Westland petrel (Procellaria westlandica), which is an endangered burrowing species, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. We collected 99 fresh faecal samples at two different seasons and in two different sub-colonies. Our aims were to describe the diet of the Westland petrel, investigate seasonal and spatial variation in the petrels9 diet, and assess potential impacts of the New Zealand fishery industry. We found that amphipods were the most common prey, followed by cephalopods and fish. Our results could be the result of natural foraging behaviour, but also suggest a close link between the composition of prey items and New Zealand9s commercial fishing activities. In particular, the high abundance of amphipods could be the result of Westland petrels feeding on discarded fisheries waste (fish guts). Our results also showed significant differences in diet between seasons (before hatching vs chick-rearing season) and between sampling sites (two sub-colonies 1.5 km apart), indicating plasticity in the foraging strategy of the Westland petrel. Due to its non-invasive nature, metabarcoding of faecal samples can be applied to large numbers of samples to help describe dietary variation in seabirds and indicate their ecological requirements. In our example, dietary DNA (dDNA) provided valuable information regarding the dietary preferences of an iconic species in New Zealand9s unique biodiversity. dDNA can thus inform the conservation of endangered or at-risk species that have elusive foraging behaviours.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/12/01/2020.10.30.360289.full.pdf

Metabarcoding faecal samples to investigate spatiotemporal variation in the diet of the endangered Westland petrel (Procellaria westlandica)

. The accumulation of evidences of the effects of intensive agricultural practices against wildlife fauna and flora, and biodiversity in general, has been largely published in scientific papers (Tildman, 1999). However, data serving as sup-port to their conclusions are often kept hidden behind research institutions. This paper presents a data visualization sys-tem opened on the Web allowing citizens to get a comprehensive access to data issued from such kind of research institution, collected for more than 20 years. The Web Information System has been thought in order to ease the comparison of data issues from various databases describing the same object, the agricultural landscape, at different scales and through different observation devices. An interactive visualization is proposed in order to check co-evolution of fauna and flora together with agricultural practices. It mixes aerial orthoimagery produced since 1950 with vectorial data showing the evolutions of agricultural parcels with those of a few sentinel species such as the Montagu's harrier. This is made through a composition of maps, charts and time lines, and specific tools for comparison. A particular concern is given to the observation effort bias in order to show meaningful statistical aggregates.

/pdf/visualization-on-the-web-of-20-years-of-crop-rotation-and-2t68k8rglm.pdf

Visualization on the Web of 20 Years of Crop Rotation and Wildlife Co-Evolutions

Corrigendum to "Neonicotinoids: Still present in farmland birds despite their ban, Chemosphere, 321, April 2023, 138091".

/pdf/sublethal-effects-of-pesticide-residues-differ-between-3fna27ie.pdf

Sublethal effects of pesticide residues differ between strains of captive Grey partridge: Consequences in terms of rearing conditions

Palearctic migrants wintering in Africa commonly use several sites throughout the winter, a strategy known as ‘itinerancy’. In this way, migrants track spatiotemporal variation in resources. Despite the importance of this strategy for migratory landbirds, we still lack detailed understanding of how variation in environmental conditions affects site use and the timing of movements between sites. We tracked 125 adult Montagu’s Harriers Circus pygargus from Western European breeding populations between 2005 and 2018 using satellite transmitters and GPS trackers. In total, data on 129 complete wintering seasons were obtained, including 33 individuals that were followed in two or more winters. Montagu’s Harriers were itinerant, using on average 3.3 wintering sites, to which they showed high site fidelity between years. The first sites harriers used after arriving in their wintering range were situated in the northern Sahel and were dominated by natural and sparse vegetation. Subsequent sites, situated further south in the Sahel, were mainly dominated by agricultural and natural habitats. Sites used by harriers had higher habitat diversity compared to random sites. Home range size and activity (time flying per day, daily distance) peaked at the last sites harriers used (i.e. the site from which they commenced spring migration). For individuals tracked in multiple seasons, we showed that home range size did not depend on vegetation greenness. However, the birds covered longer daily distances at the same site in drier years compared to greener (wetter) years. Importantly, the timing of the movements between wintering sites was affected by local environmental conditions, with individuals staying for shorter durations and departing earlier from first sites in drier years and arriving earlier at last sites in greener years. We conclude that within the context of a strategy of itinerancy, Montagu’s Harriers are faithful to the sites they use between years (spatial component), but flexible in the timing of use of these sites (temporal component), which they adjust to annual variation in environmental conditions.

/pdf/on-the-wintering-ecology-of-montagu-s-harriers-in-west-12a9a3o7.pdf

Vincent Bretagnolle

Papers

Metabarcoding faecal samples to investigate spatiotemporal variation in the diet of the endangered Westland petrel (Procellaria westlandica)

Visualization on the Web of 20 Years of Crop Rotation and Wildlife Co-Evolutions

Corrigendum to "Neonicotinoids: Still present in farmland birds despite their ban, Chemosphere, 321, April 2023, 138091".

Sublethal effects of pesticide residues differ between strains of captive Grey partridge: Consequences in terms of rearing conditions

On the Wintering Ecology of Montagu's Harriers in West Africa: Itinerancy in Relation to Varying Annual Environmental Conditions