Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Statistics for Spatial Data.

Thank you very much for downloading modern applied statistics with s. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this modern applied statistics with s, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. modern applied statistics with s is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the modern applied statistics with s is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Modern Applied Statistics With S

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

There is a paradox between the constant increase of knowledge production in ecology and the limited impact of innovations aiming to improve agro-ecosystems’ sustainability. Drawing on recent design theories’ formalism, this paper shows how shifting from a ‘decision’ pathway (i.e., identify optimal decisions to implement within a set of pre-defined options) to a ‘design’ pathway (i.e., enlarge the range of decision alternatives) may help overcoming this paradox. Considering that the former pathway tends to set off conflicts between stakeholders, inefficient public spending and limited innovation, we propose a conceptual framework facilitating the mobilization of ecological knowledge in innovative design processes. The elaboration of the framework draws upon a three-year collaboration between a design scientist and a research team in ecology which is conducing a long-term research program on reconciling intensive crop production and biodiversity preservation in western France. The framework was then applied to two other contrasted empirical cases, wet grasslands and subalpine grasslands, to reveal its potential in various contexts. The framework proposed is the following: once ecologists identify a key regulation process to be maintained in the agro-ecosystem, which we name “key underlying property”, various configurations of the agro-ecosystem can be explored to meet this property. We introduce the notion of “ecological fund”, i.e., the subsystem in which the key underlying property needs to be maintained, and suggest that it can be the departure point of a design process. An ecological fund is identified on the basis of ecological knowledge, but it guides a design process that may involve various stakeholders, instead of proposing a turnkey solution. We thus show that, despite ecology is often considered either as a discipline of expertise, used to inform decision-making processes, or as a constraint for agricultural production, it provides key knowledge that opens innovative design opportunities for enhancing agro-ecosystems’ sustainability.

Mobilizing ecology for the innovative design of sustainable agro-ecosystems

Titre du stage : Effets des modes de conduite de la luzerne sur les communautés de criquets d'une plaine agricole intensive Laboratoire d'accueil :

Agricultural expansion and intensification have boosted global food production but have come at the cost of environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Biodiversity-friendly farming that boosts ecosystem services, such as pollination and natural pest control, is widely being advocated to maintain and improve agricultural productivity while safeguarding biodiversity. A vast body of evidence showing the agronomic benefits of enhanced ecosystem service delivery represent important incentives to adopt practices enhancing biodiversity. However, the costs of biodiversity-friendly management are rarely taken into account and may represent a major barrier impeding uptake by farmers. Whether and how biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service delivery, and farm profit can go hand in hand is unknown. Here, we quantify the ecological, agronomic, and net economic benefits of biodiversity-friendly farming in an intensive grassland-sunflower system in Southwest France. We found that reducing land-use intensity on agricultural grasslands drastically enhances flower availability and wild bee diversity, including rare species. Biodiversity-friendly management on grasslands furthermore resulted in an up to 17% higher revenue on neighboring sunflower fields through positive effects on pollination service delivery. However, the opportunity costs of reduced grassland forage yields consistently exceeded the economic benefits of enhanced sunflower pollination. Our results highlight that profitability is often a key constraint hampering adoption of biodiversity-based farming and uptake critically depends on society's willingness to pay for associated delivery of public goods such as biodiversity.

Biodiversity and pollination benefits trade off against profit in an intensive farming system.

Summary. Whether dark-morph Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica exists or not has been debated for many years. We summarise previous contributions on the subject, provide indisputable evidence of the dark morph, describe its plumage based on museum specimens and live birds, highlight differences between dark, light and intermediate morphs, and enumerate characters that relatively easily separate the dark morph from ‘all-dark’ Henderson Petrel P. atrata. Dark-morph Herald Petrel is scarce and local. Since the 1970s, records have been restricted to the central South Pacific at Mangareva Island (Gambier Islands) and Ua Pou (Marquesas Islands).

Vincent Bretagnolle

Papers

Mobilizing ecology for the innovative design of sustainable agro-ecosystems

Titre du stage : Effets des modes de conduite de la luzerne sur les communautés de criquets d'une plaine agricole intensive Laboratoire d'accueil :

Biodiversity and pollination benefits trade off against profit in an intensive farming system.

The dark-morph Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica

The Structure of Plant–Pollinator Networks is Affected by Crop Type in a Highly Intensive Agricultural Landscape