1. Health care is a human right. 2. The care of the individual is at the center of health care, but the whole system needs to work to improve the health of populations. 3. The health care system must treat illness, alleviate suffering and disability, and promote health. 4. Cooperation with each other, those served, and those in other sectors is essential for all who work in health care. 5. All who provide health care must work to improve it. 6. Do no harm.

https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(00)00768-7/pdf

Is this a practical approach

As modern vehicle and communication technologies advanced apace, people begin to believe that the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) would be achievable in one decade. ITS introduces information technology to the transportation infrastructures and aims to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. However, security is still a main concern in vehicular communication systems (VCSs). This can be addressed through secured group broadcast. Therefore, secure key management schemes are considered as a critical technique for network security. In this paper, we propose a framework for providing secure key management within the heterogeneous network. The security managers (SMs) play a key role in the framework by capturing the vehicle departure information, encapsulating block to transport keys and then executing rekeying to vehicles within the same security domain. The first part of this framework is a novel network topology based on a decentralized blockchain structure. The blockchain concept is proposed to simplify the distributed key management in heterogeneous VCS domains. The second part of the framework uses the dynamic transaction collection period to further reduce the key transfer time during vehicles handover. Extensive simulations and analysis show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework, in which the blockchain structure performs better in term of key transfer time than the structure with a central manager, while the dynamic scheme allows SMs to flexibly fit various traffic levels.

/pdf/blockchain-based-dynamic-key-management-for-heterogeneous-3xw2ivzlyl.pdf

Blockchain-Based Dynamic Key Management for Heterogeneous Intelligent Transportation Systems

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are becoming the most promising research topic in intelligent transportation systems, because they provide information to deliver comfort and safety to both drivers and passengers. However, unique characteristics of VANETs make security, privacy, and trust management challenging issues in VANETs’ design. This survey article starts with the necessary background of VANETs, followed by a brief treatment of main security services, which have been well studied in other fields. We then focus on an in-depth review of anonymous authentication schemes implemented by five pseudonymity mechanisms. Because of the predictable dynamics of vehicles, anonymity is necessary but not sufficient to thwart tracking an attack that aims at the drivers’ location profiles. Thus, several location privacy protection mechanisms based on pseudonymity are elaborated to further protect the vehicles’ privacy and guarantee the quality of location-based services simultaneously. We also give a comprehensive analysis on various trust management models in VANETs. Finally, considering that current and near-future applications in VANETs are evaluated by simulation, we give a much-needed update on the latest mobility and network simulators as well as the integrated simulation platforms. In sum, this paper is carefully positioned to avoid overlap with existing surveys by filling the gaps and reporting the latest advances in VANETs while keeping it self-explained.

A Survey on Recent Advances in Vehicular Network Security, Trust, and Privacy

The future Internet of Things (IoT) will have a deep economical, commercial and social impact on our lives. The participating nodes in IoT networks are usually resource-constrained, which makes them luring targets for cyber attacks. In this regard, extensive efforts have been made to address the security and privacy issues in IoT networks primarily through traditional cryptographic approaches. However, the unique characteristics of IoT nodes render the existing solutions insufficient to encompass the entire security spectrum of the IoT networks. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques, which are able to provide embedded intelligence in the IoT devices and networks, can be leveraged to cope with different security problems. In this paper, we systematically review the security requirements, attack vectors, and the current security solutions for the IoT networks. We then shed light on the gaps in these security solutions that call for ML and DL approaches. Finally, we discuss in detail the existing ML and DL solutions for addressing different security problems in IoT networks. We also discuss several future research directions for ML- and DL-based IoT security.

Machine Learning in IoT Security: Current Solutions and Future Challenges

Security has become the primary concern in many telecommunications industries today as risks can have high consequences. Especially, as the core and enable technologies will be associated with 5G network, the confidential information will move at all layers in future wireless systems. Several incidents revealed that the hazard encountered by an infected wireless network, not only affects the security and privacy concerns, but also impedes the complex dynamics of the communications ecosystem. Consequently, the complexity and strength of security attacks have increased in the recent past making the detection or prevention of sabotage a global challenge. From the security and privacy perspectives, this paper presents a comprehensive detail on the core and enabling technologies, which are used to build the 5G security model; network softwarization security, PHY (Physical) layer security and 5G privacy concerns, among others. Additionally, the paper includes discussion on security monitoring and management of 5G networks. This paper also evaluates the related security measures and standards of core 5G technologies by resorting to different standardization bodies and provide a brief overview of 5G standardization security forces. Furthermore, the key projects of international significance, in line with the security concerns of 5G and beyond are also presented. Finally, a future directions and open challenges section has included to encourage future research.

/pdf/a-survey-on-security-and-privacy-of-5g-technologies-1hq5wqw2pb.pdf

A Survey on Security and Privacy of 5G Technologies: Potential Solutions, Recent Advancements, and Future Directions

Smart healthcare applications such as smart fitness, smart watches, and elderly remote monitoring devices have reduced the load on traditional healthcare organizations and led to healthier lifestyles. Nevertheless, these devices are under high risk of zero-day attacks because of their fragile nature and network characteristics. Furthermore, few companies developing these devices take care of security requirements. Attack detection using machine learning techniques such as ensemble learning has been adopted to IoT as a second line of defense. However, most of the proposed approaches are either heavy to implement at Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices or are cloud based which lead to delay in the detection of attacks. Also, these detections are centralized which are less compatible with IoT. In this study, an ensemble attack detection method is proposed for the detection of stream data attack at fog layer. The base classifiers are stream and incremental based algorithms, which are compatible with IoMT nature and fog devices. A weighted majority algorithm is followed to obtain best accuracy with reduced latency. The results demonstrated that the proposed model is effective for attack detection at fog layer, while it gives better accuracy, higher detection rate and lower false positive rate with average detection time.

An Efficient Fog-Based Attack Detection Using Ensemble of MOA-WMA for Internet of Medical Things

The selection and classification of genes is essential for the identification of related genes to a specific disease. Developing a user-friendly application with combined statistical rigor and machine learning functionality to help the biomedical researchers and end users is of great importance. In this work, a novel stand-alone application, which is based on graphical user interface (GUI), is developed to perform the full functionality of gene selection and classification in high dimensional datasets. The so-called HDG-select application is validated on eleven high dimensional datasets of the format CSV and GEO soft. The proposed tool uses the efficient algorithm of combined filter-GBPSO-SVM and it was made freely available to users. It was found that the proposed HDG-select outperformed other tools reported in literature and presented a competitive performance, accessibility, and functionality.

/pdf/hdg-select-a-novel-gui-based-application-for-gene-selection-87dc0wl391.pdf

HDG-select: A novel GUI based application for gene selection and classification in high dimensional datasets

A wireless mesh network (WMN) is an infrastructure multihop ad hoc network with broadband capabilities. Multicasting is an efficient mechanism for delivery of group communication. However, the current IEEE 802.11s standard has no provision for efficient group communication delivery. Furthermore, the disruption in internet connectivity and loss of information when a mobile mesh client changes its point of attachment may lead to disruption in an ongoing session. The internet gateway (IGW), a prominent component, serves as the wired bridge between the mesh nodes and the internet, thus its placement determines the overall quality of communication in WMNs. Accordingly, a structural design for supporting multicast services in this architecture is indispensable. The main question this paper addresses is how multicast can be efficiently supported for mobile mesh clients in WMN architecture. This paper adopts the technique of employing multicast architecture to solve mobility problems for mobile mesh clients. Thus a framework of novel architecture for supporting multicast services for group application delivery over WMN is presented. The proposed architecture features enhanced functionality of IGW, shared multicast tree, optimal design for IGW and core placement, hierarchical mobility management, load balancing, and robustness. The overall objective is the provision of cost efficient WMN architecture while mobile multicast traffic delivery is supported optimally. This is the first effort reporting multicast service support framework for mobile mesh clients with a focus on IGW placement and functionality.

/pdf/architectural-framework-for-mobile-multicast-support-in-1n54ibcgv5.pdf

Architectural framework for mobile multicast support in wireless mesh networks

Enhanced mobile broadband is an essential target in fifth-generation (5G) networks with higher demands among service consumers. It offers very high-speed Internet connections for several geographical areas: urban, suburban, and rural. Many mobile network operators (MNOs) continuously monitor the quality of service in terms of multiple services to guarantee high network performance. To the best of our knowledge, no extensive studies and analyses are conducted on mobile broadband (MBB) services that cover various implementation scenarios and several performance metrics. This study comprehensively analyzes the existing MBB performance in an urban area: Cyberjaya City, Malaysia. The measurement data were collected through drive tests from various MNOs supporting 3G and 4G technologies: Maxis, Celcom, Digi, U Mobile, and Unifi. Several performance metrics, such as signal quality, throughput (downlink and uplink), ping, and handover, were measured during the drive tests. The data measurements were conducted in two scenarios: outdoor and indoor environments. Measurement results of the outdoor drive test demonstrate that the maximum average throughput with downlink and uplink data rates is 14.3 and 7.1 Mbps, respectively, whereas the minimum average ping and loss are 36.5 ms and 0.14, respectively, for all MNOs. However, the in-building measurements achieve an acceptable overall average data rate of 2 Mbps. This paper provides several suggestions and recommendations for MBB providers to improve their performance networks and quality of experience to meet customers’ satisfaction. Several limitations not considered in this study and can point to possible future work are presented. 

Measurement analysis and performance evaluation of mobile broadband cellular networks in a populated city

In this research, an architecture called the Agent-based Mobility Protocol (AMP) comprising a multi-agent system residing in both the mobile host(s) and the access networks has been developed for the purpose of enhancing mobility management in IP-based networks. The agent system on the mobile host was designed and subsequently built using an agent development platform called Agent Builder Pro. The core of the AMP architecture is the access network agency and both its specifications and the corresponding mobility management were designed using a combination of collaboration and operation diagrams. Given the scope and complexity of computer networks generally, and the Internet, specifically, the use of a network simulator was considered appropriate in providing a wider and comprehensive understanding of how the AMP architecture and protocol would perform in supporting a mobile host roaming over multiple network domains or autonomous systems. Hence, this paper presents our work in developing the AMP architecture including its implementation over a discrete-event network simulator called ns-2 where customized objects have been built into the simulator. In addition, using different simulated scenarios, the architecture and protocol operations of AMP for mobility management were evaluated against Mobile IP as a basis for comparative analyses.

/pdf/amp-a-novel-architecture-for-ip-based-mobility-management-4uznhdsiin.pdf

Wan Haslina Hassan

Papers

An Efficient Fog-Based Attack Detection Using Ensemble of MOA-WMA for Internet of Medical Things

HDG-select: A novel GUI based application for gene selection and classification in high dimensional datasets

Architectural framework for mobile multicast support in wireless mesh networks

Measurement analysis and performance evaluation of mobile broadband cellular networks in a populated city

AMP – a novel architecture for IP-based Mobility management