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Principles Of Heat Transfer In Porous Media

Although many studies have addressed the urge of exploring the porous media partially embedded in a channel due to its wide engineering applications, the heat transfer and fluid flow of a channel consisting of multilayered metal foam are relatively untouched. To tackle this research gap, a numerical study is conducted to analyze a channel partially filled with a three-layered porous medium—occupying sixty percent of a heat sink—over the Reynolds numbers ranging from 50 to 150 and water base fluid. To this aim, two configuration models of porous media are evaluated here: metal foam with (A) similar particle diameters (2 mm) and different porosities (0.75, 0.85, 0.95) and (B) similar porosities (0.88) and different particle diameters (1, 2, 3 mm). Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer and local thermal non-equilibrium methods are used to solve the momentum and energy equations in the porous region, respectively. The validity assessment of the local thermal equilibrium method elucidates that its accuracy is questionable at higher porosities and particle diameters of the metal foam—highlighting the necessity of incorporating the LTNE method under the mentioned circumstances. Among the considered geometries, the optimal arrangements of metal foam at both models are selected according to the performance evaluation criteria value.

Optimal arrangements of a heat sink partially filled with multilayered porous media employing hybrid nanofluid

Biomimetic flow fields for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review of design trends

Three-dimensional multi-phase simulation of PEM fuel cell considering the full morphology of metal foam flow field

Solar energy is considered the most promising renewable energy source. Solar cells can harvest and convert solar energy into electrical energy, which needs to be stored as chemical energy, thereby realizing a balanced supply and demand for energy. As energy storage devices for this purpose, newly developed photo-enhanced rechargeable metal batteries, through the internal integration of photovoltaic technology and high-energy-density metal batteries in a single device, can simplify device configuration, lower costs, and reduce external energy loss. This review focuses on recent progress regarding the working principles, device architectures, and performances of various closed-type and open-type photo-enhanced rechargeable devices based on metal batteries, including Li/Zn-ion, Li-S, and Li/Zn-I2, and Li/Zn-O2/air, Li-CO2, and Na-O2 batteries. In addition to provide a fundamental understanding of photo-enhanced rechargeable devices, key challenges and possible strategies are also discussed. Finally, some perspectives are provided for further enhancing the overall performance of the proposed devices.

Photo-Enhanced Rechargeable High-Energy-Density Metal Batteries for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage

Fuel cells and solar energy are promising candidates for electricity generation. It is forecast that fuel cells and solar power systems will play an important role in reducing the greenhouse gas footprint and replacing fossil fuels. Therefore, the limitations of fuel cells and solar power systems, such as low efficiency, high cost, and low reliability, must be addressed appropriately to enable their full potentials. Metal foam is a new class of material that has gained immense attention due to its excellent properties suitable for a wide range of applications. Its unique characteristics distinguish it from typical solid metals. The properties of metal foam can be modified during the fabrication stage by manipulating its physical structure. The goal of this paper is to review the application of metal foam in fuel cells and solar power systems. Besides, the performance of metal foam in fuel cells and solar systems is also discussed. Metal foam has been applied to the electrodes, gas diffusion layer and flow field of fuel cells to enhance performance, especially in regard to current density and flow distribution. Furthermore, metal foam is a heat exchanger for the solar energy harvesting system to improve its efficiency. Superior performances in experimental testing allows the possibility of commercialization of metal foam products in the renewable energy field.

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Overview of porous media/metal foam application in fuel cells and solar power systems

Investigation of functionally graded metal foam thermal management system for solar cell

Numerical study of the geometrically graded metal foam for concentrated photovoltaic solar cell cooling

The global energy demand is rising due to the rapid development and adoption of new technologies in every sector. Hence, there is a need to introduce a clean energy source that does not cause damage to the environment. Aluminium-air battery with its high theoretical specific volumetric capacity is an exciting alternative for post-lithium energy storage and has been at the forefront of energy research for years. However, conventional aqueous electrolyte-based aluminium-air battery with bulky liquid storage, parasitic corrosion of aluminium in contact with the electrolyte, and formation of passive oxide or hydroxide layer have precluded its widespread application. In order to achieve successful simplification and cost-effectiveness, a novel idea of a thin film-based aluminium-air battery is proposed. In this work, a thin-film based aluminium-air battery was constructed using aluminium foil as an anode, carbon fiber cloth as an air-cathode, Polypropylene and Kimwipes as the separator. The effects of the electrolyte concentration on the aluminium-air battery were investigated and analyzed using various discharge currents. The study showed that the performance of the polypropylene separator is better than that of the Kimwipes separator. Besides, the battery capacity is negatively correlated with the concentrations of the electrolyte. At discharge current of 30 mA, the aluminium-air battery has a specific capacity of 375 mAh g-1 when 1 M of potassium hydroxide was used as electrolyte.

/pdf/analysis-of-the-polypropylene-based-aluminium-air-battery-20c6hacown.pdf

Analysis of the Polypropylene-Based Aluminium-Air Battery

Concentrated photovoltaic cell (CPV) is a popular renewable source nowadays. It has high efficient yet cost effective energy harvesting system available in the market. The performance of the CPV depends strongly on the temperature of the solar cell. The efficiency reduces as the surface temperature of the CPV increases. It is crucial to reduce the temperature of the CPV and maintains a small temperature variation along the surface of the CPV. Metal foam is an ideal solution for a CPV thermal management system. It helps to enhance the mixing of coolant due to its porous characteristics and lead to higher heat transfer rate and reduce the overall average temperature of a CPV. The main objective of this study is to enhance the heat removal rate along of the CPV. Aluminium foam is used as a heat sink to removal the heat generated. The effects of porosities and pores density (PPI) of the aluminium foam are measured against the thermal performance. Computational thermal fluid dynamics is conducted to study the thermal performance of aluminium foam heat sink. The parameters required for the simulations are extracted from literature. The results suggested that aluminum foam is able to enhance the heat removal and maintains better temperature uniformity of the CPV. 10PPI aluminum foam with porosity 0.682 provides the most optimum results with average temperature of 55.1 ˚C and temperature different of 7.4 °C at flow rate of 40 g/s. This approach is suitable to promote the efficiency of the CPV and prolong the cycle life.

Weng Cheong Tan

Papers

Overview of porous media/metal foam application in fuel cells and solar power systems

Investigation of functionally graded metal foam thermal management system for solar cell

Numerical study of the geometrically graded metal foam for concentrated photovoltaic solar cell cooling

Analysis of the Polypropylene-Based Aluminium-Air Battery

Investigation of water cooled aluminium foam heat sink for concentrated photovoltaic solar cell