Since the discovery of highly conducting polyacetylene by Shirakawa, MacDiarmid, and Heeger in 1977, π-conjugated systems have attracted much attention as futuristic materials for the development and production of the next generation of electronics, that is, organic electronics. Conceptually, organic electronics are quite different from conventional inorganic solid state electronics because the structural versatility of organic semiconductors allows for the incorporation of functionality by molecular design. This versatility leads to a new era in the design of electronic devices. To date, the great number of π-conjugated semiconducting materials that have either been discovered or synthesized generate an exciting library of π-conjugated systems for use in organic electronics. 11 However, some key challenges for further advancement remain: the low mobility and stability of organic semiconductors, the lack of knowledge regarding structure property relationships for understanding the fundamental chemical aspects behind the structural design, and realization of desired properties. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are a kind of device consisting of an organic semiconducting layer, a gate insulator layer, and three terminals (drain, source, and gate electrodes). OFETs are not only essential building blocks for the next generation of cheap and flexible organic circuits, but they also provide an important insight into the charge transport of πconjugated systems. Therefore, they act as strong tools for the exploration of the structure property relationships of πconjugated systems, such as parameters of field-effect mobility (μ, the drift velocity of carriers under unit electric field), current on/off ratio (the ratio of the maximum on-state current to the minimum off-state current), and threshold voltage (the minimum gate voltage that is required to turn on the transistor). 17 Since the discovery of OFETs in the 1980s, they have attracted much attention. Research onOFETs includes the discovery, design, and synthesis of π-conjugated systems for OFETs, device optimization, development of applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, flexible displays, electronic papers, sensors, and so forth. It is beyond the scope of this review to cover all aspects of π-conjugated systems; hence, our focus will be on the performance analysis of π-conjugated systems in OFETs. This should make it possible to extract information regarding the fundamental merit of semiconducting π-conjugated materials and capture what is needed for newmaterials and what is the synthesis orientation of newπ-conjugated systems. In fact, for a new science with many practical applications, the field of organic electronics is progressing extremely rapidly. For example, using “organic field effect transistor” or “organic field effect transistors” as the query keywords to search the Web of Science citation database, it is possible to show the distribution of papers over recent years as shown in Figure 1A. It is very clear

Semiconducting π-conjugated systems in field-effect transistors: a material odyssey of organic electronics.

Functionalized acenes and heteroacenes for organic electronics.

Electron and ambipolar transport in organic field-effect transistors.

It is now widely accepted that skin sensitivity will be very important for future robots used by humans in daily life for housekeeping and entertainment purposes Despite this fact, relatively little progress has been made in the field of pressure recognition compared to the areas of sight and voice recognition, mainly because good artificial “electronic skin” with a large area and mechanical flexibility is not yet available The fabrication of a sensitive skin consisting of thousands of pressure sensors would require a flexible switching matrix that cannot be realized with present silicon-based electronics Organic field-effect transistors can substitute for such conventional electronics because organic circuits are inherently flexible and potentially ultralow in cost even for a large area Thus, integration of organic transistors and rubber pressure sensors, both of which can be produced by low-cost processing technology such as large-area printing technology, will provide an ideal solution to realize a practical artificial skin, whose feasibility has been demonstrated in this paper Pressure images have been taken by flexible active matrix drivers with organic transistors whose mobility reaches as high as 14 cm2/V·s The device is electrically functional even when it is wrapped around a cylindrical bar with a 2-mm radius

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A large-area, flexible pressure sensor matrix with organic field-effect transistors for artificial skin applications

Acenes have long been the subject of intense study because of the unique electronic properties associated with their pi-bond topology. Recent reports of impressive semiconductor properties of larger homologues have reinvigorated research in this field, leading to new methods for their synthesis, functionalization, and purification, as well as for fabricating organic electronic components. Studies performed on high-purity acene single crystals revealed their intrinsic electronic properties and provide useful benchmarks for thin film device research. New approaches to add functionality were developed to improve the processability of these materials in solution. These new functionalization strategies have recently allowed the synthesis of acenes larger than pentacene, which have hitherto been largely unavailable and poorly studied, as well as investigation of their associated structure/property relationships.

The larger acenes: versatile organic semiconductors.

A TAG chip includes a magnetic coating or an electrostatically chargeable structure. A device for packing semiconductor chips includes an electromagnetic or electrostatic lifter, which picks up singulated semiconductor chips of a semiconductor wafer with a magnetic coating or including an electrostatically chargeable structure from a wafer position and deposits them in a collecting position. A mounting device includes a conveying roller with conveying receptacles for semiconductor chips, which pick up the semiconductor chips in a pick-up position with electromagnetically or electrostatically activatable conveying receptacles and, in a discharge position will discharge, via deactivation of the conveying receptacles, the semiconductor chips onto a corresponding liner or an object.

Semiconductor chips for TAG applications, devices for mounting the same, and mounting method

We propose a new way to temperature compensate solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonators (SMRs). With the proposed process high Q, high electromechanical coupling coefficient, fully temperature compensated resonators have been successfully fabricated with TCF less than 1ppm/°C and total thermal drift of less than 35 ppm across the temperature range from 0–100°C.

Temperature compensated solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonators with optimum piezoelectric coupling coefficient

One aspect of the invention relates to a rectifier circuit for providing a rectified voltage, with a first AC voltage terminal to which an AC voltage can be applied, with a first DC voltage terminal to which a DC voltage can be provided, and with a control switching element between the first AC voltage terminal and the first DC voltage terminal. The control switching element only couples the first AC voltage terminal to the first DC voltage terminal if the electrical potential at the first AC voltage terminal has a predeterminable polarity compared with a reference potential and if the amount of the electrical potential at the first DC voltage terminal is less than or equal to the amount of the electrical potential at the first AC voltage terminal.

Rectifier Circuit, Circuit Arrangement and Method for Manufactiring a Rectifier Circuit

Es wird ein Verfahren und eine Schaltungsanordnung (20) zum Bewerten des Informationsgehalts einer Speicherzelle (10), vorzugsweise einer MRAM-Speicherzelle, oder eines Speicherzellenfeldes, beschrieben. Um eine genaue und sichere Bewertung der Speicherzelle (10) vornehmen zu konnen, wird zunachst ein erster durch die Speicherzelle (10) hindurchfliesender Stromwert beziehungsweise ein mit diesem korrelierter Spannungswert gemessen und durch einen ersten Schaltungszweig (23), der einen Schalter (24) und eine Kapazitat (25) aufweist, hindurchgeleitet und zwischengespeichert. Anschliesend wird die Speicherzelle (10) einem Programmiervorgang unterworfen. Danach wird in derselben Speicherzelle (10) ein zweiter Stromwert beziehungsweise Spannungswert gemessen und durch einen zweiten Spannungszweig (26), der einen Schalter (27) und eine Kapazitat (28) aufweist, hindurchgeleitet und dort zwischengespeichert. Die beiden gemessenen Werte werden in einem Bewerter (21) miteinander verglichen.

Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zum Bewerten des Informationsgehalts einer Speicherzelle

Embodiments of the invention are related to micromachine structures. In one embodiment, a micromachine structure comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a sensing element. The sensing element is mechanically movable and is disposed intermediate the first and second electrodes and adapted to oscillate between the first and second electrodes. Further, the sensing element comprises a FinFET structure having a height and a width, the height being greater than the width.

Werner Weber

Papers

Semiconductor chips for TAG applications, devices for mounting the same, and mounting method

Temperature compensated solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonators with optimum piezoelectric coupling coefficient

Rectifier Circuit, Circuit Arrangement and Method for Manufactiring a Rectifier Circuit

Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zum Bewerten des Informationsgehalts einer Speicherzelle

Integrally fabricated micromachine and logic elements