Production and comparison of fuel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesel from various non-edible vegetable oils: A review

The use of inedible vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engine is accelerated by the energy crisis due to depletion of resources and increased environmental problems including the great need for edible oil as food and the reduction of biodiesel production cost, etc. Of a lot of inedible vegetable oils which can be exploited for substitute fuel as diesel fuel, seven vegetable oils, i.e., jatropha, karanja, mahua, linseed, rubber seed, cottonseed and neem oils were selected for discussion in this review paper. The application of jatropha oil as a liquid fuel for CI engine can be classified with neat jatropha oil, engine modifications such as preheating, and dual fuelling, and fuel modifications such as jatropha oil blends with other fuels, mostly with diesel fuel, biodiesel, biodiesel blends and degumming. Therefore, jatropha oil is a leading candidate for the commercialization of non-edible vegetable oils. There exists a big difference in the fuel properties of seven inedible vegetable oils and its biodiesels considered in this review. It is clear from this review that biodiesel generally causes an increase in NOx emission and a decrease in HC, CO and PM emissions compared to diesel. It was reported that a diesel engine without any modification would run successfully on a blend of 20% vegetable oil and 80% diesel fuel without damage to engine parts. This trend can be applied to the biodiesel blends even though particular biodiesel shows 40% blend. In addition, the blends of biodiesel and diesel can replace the diesel fuel up to 10% by volume for running common rail direct injection system without any durability problems.

Inedible vegetable oils and their derivatives for alternative diesel fuels in CI engines: A review

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends

The research on biodiesel production via heterogeneous catalyzed approach is continuously studied by scientist in order to gain a sustainable process for industrial production and to improve its fuel quality The green resource of biodiesel feedstock and catalyst is the major criteria to influence the biodiesel yield and sustainability of the process For the state of the art biodiesel production technology, heterogeneous catalyst received great attention for simple and low cost manufacturing process In terms of easy separation and high reusability The most special characteristic of heterogeneous catalyst is its tuning properties that generate acidic-basicity, surface area and porosity that can highly advance the variety of the feedstock for esterification/transesterification process Different traits of the heterogeneous catalysts (solid base, solid acid, acid-base and bio-catalyst) are studied in this review as each holds a specialty of features to the process Thus, the study of heterogeneous catalyst should continue to be evaluated and taken into account if the catalyst are to be employed in the commercial sector as that remains the pivotal goal of these studies In consideration to the debate of food vs fuel as well as low cost production, non-edible feedstock was further discussed by using heterogeneous catalyzed system

A review on latest developments and future prospects of heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from non-edible oils

Nanofluids are described as a relatively new kind of colloidal solutions with a particle size smaller than one billionth of a meter (1–100 nm) suspended in the base fluid so as to enhance the thermophysical properties, which makes them an obvious choice for use in number of commercial applications including engineering, medical sciences, biotechnology, agriculture technology, transportation etc. With the advancement in nanotechnology during last few years, scientific community focuses on improvising combustion behavior, stability aspects, various engine performance parameters and emission characteristics of conventional diesel engine using nanoparticle laden diesel biodiesel fuel blends. Most recently few experimental works on above issues using nanosized metallic, non-metallic, organic and mixed particles in the base liquid fuel for diesel engine have appeared in the open literature. The obtained results are very encouraging due to multifold enhancement in thermo physical and chemical properties of modified fuel such as high surface to volume ratio, high reactive medium for combustion, enhanced heat and mass transport properties due to high thermal conductivity, improvement in flash point, fire point, pour point etc depending upon the type of nanoparticles used, their particle size and concentration with base fuel. Despite having all superiorities, somewhat unclear and contradictory results are found in the literature, further the experimental results of different researchers are not generalized so far as to reach at common consensus about this new approach of fuel modification. Keeping all these facts in mind, a serious attempt has been made to summarize the important published work on combustion and stability aspects of nanoparticle laden diesel, biodiesel fuels and their blends, and its effects on fuel and engine overall characteristics with the objective to provide a pathway to conduct further research in this area for utilizing maximum potential of nanoparticle fuel emulsion technology and to provide a promising future fuel for diesel engine.

A comprehensive review on combustion and stability aspects of metal nanoparticles and its additive effect on diesel and biodiesel fuelled C.I. engine.

Effect of injection timing on the performance of Ceiba Pentandra biodiesel powered dual fuel engine

Stringent environmental policies and the ever increasing demand for energy have triggered interest in novel combustion technologies that use alternative fuels as energy sources. Of these, pilot-ignited compressed natural gas (CNG) engines that employ small biodiesel pilot to ignite a premixed natural gas–air mixture have received considerable attention. This paper discusses the effect of mixing chamber venturi, injection timing, compression ratio and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated on biodiesel derived from honge oil and is called honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and CNG. The proposed study mainly focuses on the manifold induction of CNG along with HOME injection. However, CNG can also be injected using port or direct gas injector (Lakshmanan and Nagarajan 2010, Energy 35, pp. 3172–3178). The future study will involve these methods of CNG injection. From this study, it is concluded that an advanced injection timing and an increased compression ratio resulted in...

Effect of mixing chamber venturi, injection timing, compression ratio and EGR on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated with HOME and CNG

Emissions from engine exhaust is a serious problem for environment point of view. The search for an alternative fuel, which promises a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, management, efficiency, and environmental preservation, has become highly pronounced in the present context. Dual fuel mode of operation employing CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and plant oils like Honge and Jatropha oils and their esters is an attractive option as our country has a large agriculture base that can be a feed stock to this fuel technology and can ease the burden on the economy by curtailing the fuel imports. This paper presents the results of investigations carried out in studying the behaviour of Honge and Jatropha oils methyl esters [HOME/JOME] and their blends with Ethanol and subsequent testing of these oils in a four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection CI engine in dual fuel mode with CNG induction. This paper studies the effects of ethanol addition and Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR) and on performance ,combustion and emissions of compressed natural gas (CNG) dual fuelled with Honge oil methyl esters (HOME) and Jathropha methyl ester (JOME) in a dual-fuel engine. From the experimental evidence it is found that combustion of HOME/JOME plus up to 15% ethanol blended with CNG in a dual fuel engine operated with optimized parameters of injection timing of 27° BTDC and compression ratio of 17.5 with 10% EGR results in acceptable combustion emissions and improved brake thermal efficiencies.

/pdf/effect-of-exhaust-gas-recirculation-on-the-performance-and-3fazo9osrd.pdf

Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Performance and Emissions of A Dual Fuel Engine Operated on CNG-Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends

The introducement of stringent emissions norms like Euro V and Euro VI is diverting the research to develop new technologies to reduce the engines exhaust emissions. Many researchers have adopted different techniques for lowering the tailpipe emissions from the engines where oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke are mainly formed. In this study a diesel engine having single cylinder is converted into dual-fuel engine to operate with pilot injection of Diesel/biodiesel ethanol blend and Compressed natural gas (CNG). The engine was operated on both single fuel(SF) and dual fuel(DF) mode. The CNG was inducted into the inlet manifold through a gas carburettor on purpose designed for this application. The injection timings was optimized for CNG- biodiesel. The optimum injection timing was 27°BTDC. The pilot fuel injection pressure was maintained at 230 bar. Engine was operated with optimum Compression ratio of 17.5 and CNG flow rate was optimized and found to be 0.5 kg/h. The effect of CNG induction on combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine with a dual fuel was studied and compared with single fuel operation. Comparative results revealing the effect of dual fuel combustion on the engine performance, combustion and exhaust emissions. Based on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics it is concluded that, use of CNG in the dual fuel mode in a diesel engine improves the performance and reduces the exhaust emissions from the engine except for HC and NOX emissions.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/376/1/012028/pdf

Performance and emission characteristics of a CNG-Biodiesel dual fuel operation of a single cylinder four stroke CI engine

Renewable fuels have advantages in terms of energy recycling, biodegradability, energy security, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savings and socio-economic issues compared to fossil fuels. The high viscosity of vegetable oils leads to problem in pumping and spraying characteristics. The inefficient mixing of vegetable oils with air contributes to incomplete combustion. The best way to use vegetable oils as fuel in compression ignition engines is to convert them into biodiesel. Biodiesel is a methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acids made from vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and animal fat. The main resources for biodiesel production can be non-edible oils obtained from plant species, such as Pongamia pinnata (Honge oil), Jatropha curcas (Ratanjyot), Oryza sativa (Rice bran oil) and Calophyllum inophyllum (Nagchampa). Biodiesel can be used in its pure form or can be blended with diesel to form different blends. It can be used in compression ignition (CI) engines with very little or no engine modification as it has properties similar to mineral diesel. This paper presents comprehensive results of investigations carried out by us on the use of Jatropha oil, Jatropha oil methyl ester and blends with diesel or ethanol in a single-cylinder, four stroke, direct-injection, CI engines. Comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency, smoke opacity, HC, CO, NOX, ignition delay, combustion duration and heat release rates with diesel fuel have also been presented and discussed.

Y.H. Basavarajappa

Papers

Effect of injection timing on the performance of Ceiba Pentandra biodiesel powered dual fuel engine

Effect of mixing chamber venturi, injection timing, compression ratio and EGR on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated with HOME and CNG

Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Performance and Emissions of A Dual Fuel Engine Operated on CNG-Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends

Performance and emission characteristics of a CNG-Biodiesel dual fuel operation of a single cylinder four stroke CI engine

Combustion of Jatropha curcas Oil, Methyl Esters and Blends with Diesel or Ethanol in a CI Engine