The model of inductive power system is set up,and how to choose the compensation topology and resonant frequency is analyzed.According to the analysis result,the model of inductive power system is set up,and the impact of the power transfer due to the variety of load is analyzed.

Design of loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems

Wireless power transfer devices are becoming more relevant and widespread. Therefore, an article is devoted to a review, analysis and comparison of compensation topologies for an inductive power transfer. A new classification of topologies is developed. A lot of attention is paid to the problems of the physical fundamentals of compensation work, standards, safety, and five main topology requirements. It is determined, that topologies with the series primary compensating are the most effective in the IPT for charging devices among the four classical schemes. The series-parallel solution is recommended in case of the low output voltage, minimum size of a secondary side coil is achievable. The series-series solution does not depend on the magnetic coupling coefficient and the load on the resonance frequency. For the convenience of displaying and understanding the information, the comparison results are listed in the tables, graphs and dependencies. The main suitable topologies for a certain application are defined. The given conclusions provide a “one-stop” information source and a selection guide on the application of compensation topologies both in terms of devices and in terms of power level that is the main value of this paper. During literature analysis and recent trends in the market for wireless power transmission devices, the main possible further ways of developing topologies are underlined. First of all, it concerns increasing the frequency of resonance of compensation topologies, the use of multilevel / multi-pulse / multicoils structures, the study of existing high-frequency semiconductors and the development of the semiconductor and magnetic materials.

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Compensation Topologies in IPT Systems: Standards, Requirements, Classification, Analysis, Comparison and Application

There is a continuous and fast increase in electric vehicles (EVs) adoption in many countries due to the reduction of EVs prices, governments’ incentives and subsidies on EVs, the need for energy independence, and environmental issues. It is expected that EVs will dominate the private cars market in the coming years. These EVs charge their batteries from the power grid and may cause severe effects if not managed properly. On the other hand, they can provide many benefits to the power grid and get revenues for EV owners if managed properly. The main contribution of the article is to provide a review of potential negative impacts of EVs charging on electric power systems mainly due to uncontrolled charging and how through controlled charging and discharging those impacts can be reduced and become even positive impacts. The impacts of uncontrolled EVs charging on the increase of peak demand, voltage deviation from the acceptable limits, phase unbalance due to the single-phase chargers, harmonics distortion, overloading of the power system equipment, and increase of power losses are presented. Furthermore, a review of the positive impacts of controlled EVs charging and discharging, and the electrical services that it can provide like frequency regulation, voltage regulation and reactive power compensation, congestion management, and improving power quality are presented. Moreover, a few promising research topics that need more investigation in future research are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the concepts and general background of EVs, EVs market, EV charging technology, the charging methods are presented.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4675/pdf

Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems

This paper presents a detailed literature review on switched reluctance motor (SRM) and drive systems in electric vehicle (EV) powertrains. SRMs have received increasing attention for EV applications owing to their reliable structure, fault tolerance ability and magnet free design. The main drawbacks of the SRM are torque ripple, low power density, low power factor and small extended speed range. Recent research shows that multi-stack conventional switched reluctance motors (MSCSRM) and multi-stack switched reluctance motors with a segmental rotor (MSSRM-SR) are promising alternative solutions to reduce torque ripples, increase torque density and increase power factor. Different winding configurations such as single-layer concentrated winding (SLC), single layer mutually coupled winding (SLMC), double layer concentrated winding (DLC), double layer mutually coupled winding (DLMC) and fully-pitched winding (FP) are introduced in the literature in recent years to increase average torque and to decrease torque ripples. This research analyzes winding methods and structure of the SRMs, including conventional and segmental rotors. They have been compared and assessed in detail evaluation of torque ripple reduction, torque/power density increase, noise/vibration characteristics and mechanical structure. In addition, various drive systems are fully addressed for the SRMs, including conventional drives, soft-switching drives, drives with standard inverters and drives with an integrated battery charger. In this paper, the SRM control methods are also reviewed and classified. These control methods include strategies of torque ripple reduction, fault-diagnosis, fault-tolerance techniques and sensorless control. The key contributions of this paper provide a useful basis for detailed analysis of modeling and electromechanical design, drive systems, and control techniques of the SRMs for EV applications.

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Switched Reluctance Motors and Drive Systems for Electric Vehicle Powertrains: State of the Art Analysis and Future Trends

Electric Vehicles Wireless Power Transfer State-of-The-Art

Recently, wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have been used as battery chargers for electric vehicles. In a WPT system, the design approach and control strategy have a significant impact on the performance of the wireless power transfer systems in electric vehicle powertrains in terms of efficiency, charging power, charging modes, charging time, etc. A characteristic of different topologies appears depending on whether the compensation capacitor is connected in series or parallel with coils. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable compensation topology depending on different applications. Thus, this paper proposes a new design methodology and control system for bidirectional 3.7 kW and 7.7 kW WPTs in light-duty electric vehicles (EVs) operating at both 40 kHz and 85 kHz resonance frequencies. In this paper, the series-series (SS) WPT compensation topology is optimally designed and controlled for grid-to-vehicle (G2V) mode using MATLAB/Simulink. A simulation study is performed for a selected WPT design for G2V mode to ensure its functionality and performance at different power levels. Moreover, the magnetic design of the coils and its parameters are verified by using COMSOL. Finally, experimental results are validated for the WPT system.

Design Methodology, Modeling, and Comparative Study of Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles

This article gives an overview of the analysis and modelling for 22 kW wireless power transfer (WPT) for Light Duty (250V traction battery) and Heavy Duty (700V) electric vehicles (EV). The system under investigation is the series/series (SS) WPT compensation topology, for which an iterative design approach is considered to select the suitable final system parameters. A simulation study is performed for a selected WPT design for different power electronics topologies, differing in the converter type at secondary side and EV battery voltage. The study focusses on the design and system evaluation of two proposed WPT vehicle architectures and their control for the different secondary systems that are supplied by the same and identically controlled grid system, to achieve interoperable WPT systems. Stable control at high efficiency (>90%) is achieved for both studied topologies, one with a boost DC/DC converter at secondary side and charging a 700V battery, the other with buck DC/DC converter to 250V.

Design approach and interoperability analysis of wireless power transfer systems for vehicular applications

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) is an emerging technology resulting from the emergence of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The energy stored in battery packs of EVs are a solution to the intermittency of RES. Therefore, design and control design of charging infrastructure for EVs are of high importance for the development of V2G. This paper presents a wireless charging infrastructure based on Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) for semi-fast charging of light-duty (LD) EVs. The Power Electronic Converters (PECs) and the applied control strategies are modelled by using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that G2V and V2G are feasible with the proposed charging system, with an overall efficiency of 92%.

Design and modeling of V2G inductive charging system for light-duty Electric Vehicles

Design approach and control strategy have a significant impact on the performance of the wireless power transfer systems in electric vehicles power trains in terms of efficiency, charging power, charging modes (i.e. G2V and V2G) and charging time, etc. Thus, this paper proposes new design methodology and control system for a bidirectional 3.7 kW wireless power-transfer (WPT) of light-duty electric vehicles (EVs); operating at frequency 85 kHz and at frequency 140 kHz. In this paper, Series/Series (SS) WPT compensation topology is optimally designed and controlled for G2V and V2G modes using MATLAB/Simulink. A simulation study is performed for a selected WPT for both G2V and V2G operating modes to ensure its functionality and performance at different switching frequencies. Moreover, the impact on the grid quality is investigated for both operation modes.

Yassine Benomar

Papers

Switched Reluctance Motors and Drive Systems for Electric Vehicle Powertrains: State of the Art Analysis and Future Trends

Design Methodology, Modeling, and Comparative Study of Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles

Design approach and interoperability analysis of wireless power transfer systems for vehicular applications

Design and modeling of V2G inductive charging system for light-duty Electric Vehicles

Design, modeling and control of a bidirectional wireless power transfer for light-duty vehicles: G2V and V2G systems