There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

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Flow The Psychology Of Optimal Experience

This paper presents a new reflectance model for rendering computer synthesized images. The model accounts for the relative brightness of different materials and light sources in the same scene. It describes the directional distribution of the reflected light and a color shift that occurs as the reflectance changes with incidence angle. The paper presents a method for obtaining the spectral energy distribution of the light reflected from an object made of a specific real material and discusses a procedure for accurately reproducing the color associated with the spectral energy distribution. The model is applied to the simulation of a metal and a plastic.

A reflectance model for computer graphics

Methods of manufacturing a liquid crystal device including depositing a layer of liquid crystal material on a substrate and imprinting a pattern on the layer of liquid crystal material using an imprint template are disclosed. The liquid crystal material can be jet deposited. The imprint template can include surface relief features, Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Effect (PBPE) structures or diffractive structures. The liquid crystal device manufactured by the methods described herein can be used to manipulate light, such as for beam steering, wavefront shaping, separating wavelengths and/or polarizations, and combining different wavelengths and/or polarizations.

Virtual and augmented reality systems and methods

In this work, we report the set-up and results of the Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LITS) organized in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2016 and International Conference On Medical Image Computing Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2017. Twenty four valid state-of-the-art liver and liver tumor segmentation algorithms were applied to a set of 131 computed tomography (CT) volumes with different types of tumor contrast levels (hyper-/hypo-intense), abnormalities in tissues (metastasectomie) size and varying amount of lesions. The submitted algorithms have been tested on 70 undisclosed volumes. The dataset is created in collaboration with seven hospitals and research institutions and manually reviewed by independent three radiologists. We found that not a single algorithm performed best for liver and tumors. The best liver segmentation algorithm achieved a Dice score of 0.96(MICCAI) whereas for tumor segmentation the best algorithm evaluated at 0.67(ISBI) and 0.70(MICCAI). The LITS image data and manual annotations continue to be publicly available through an online evaluation system as an ongoing benchmarking resource.

The Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS)

We propose a method to improve the quality of the reconstructed images based on compressive sensing principles. The pseudo-inverse matrix and the total variation minimization algorithms are combined to reduce the sampling number of the computer generated hologram. Numerical simulations are performed and the results indicate that the peak signal to noise ratio is increased and the sampling ratio is decreased at the same time for holographic display.

Holographic display based on compressive sensing (Invited Paper)

We propose a miniature anamorphic lens design that records wide-screen videos on an ordinary CMOS format. The front group consists of two freeform lenses, which achieve different focal lengths in the two orthogonal directions and thus enable the anamorphic characteristics. The rear group is made of rotationally symmetric aspheric elements that relay the image on the sensor. The annularly stitched extreme-point-based polynomial surface description is proposed to control the extreme point position and the air clearance between elements in the optimization process. An optimization method based on surface upgrade and conversion is adopted in the design. The design result offers an anamorphic ratio of 1.33 and an f-number (f  /  #) of ∼2, with a field of view of 65.3 deg  ×   35 deg. The overall length of the lens is 9.5 mm, which shows an advantage for integration into pocket devices.

https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/optical-engineering/volume-60/issue-6/065104/Design-of-a-miniature-anamorphic-lens-with-a-freeform-front/10.1117/1.OE.60.6.065104.pdf

Design of a miniature anamorphic lens with a freeform front group and an aspheric rear group

High resolution real-time projection display using a half-overlap-pixel method

Depth estimation is a classical topic in computer vision, however, inferring the depth of a scene from a single image remains an extremely difficult problem. In this paper, a non-parametric method is adopted to obtain the depth of a single image. To this end, RGB-D datasets are exploited as the inference basis. Given a query image, a global scene-level retrieval is performed against the dataset, followed by a superpixel-level matching. The superpixels-based scene representation is introduced to model the depth jointly in terms of superpixel centroid. The depth estimation is formulated as contextual inference and the depth propagation. The contextual inference is expressed as a Markov random field (MRF) energy function defined on a sparse depth map obtained by the matching process and implemented in a graphical model whose edges encode the interactions between the superpixel centroids. Then the depth propagation generates the final dense depth map from the inferred result. The benefits of the proposed method is demonstrated on the standard dataset.

Monocular Depth Estimation of Outdoor Scenes Using RGB-D Datasets

In the diagnosis and interventional treatment of coronary artery disease, the 3D[Formula: see text]time reconstruction of the coronary artery on the basis of x-ray angiographic image sequences can provide dynamic structural information. The synchronization of cardiac phases in the sequences is essential for minimizing the influence of cardiorespiratory motion and realizing precise 3D[Formula: see text]time reconstruction. Key points are initially extracted from the first image of a sequence. Matching grid points between consecutive images in the sequence are extracted by a multi-layer matching strategy. Then deep motion tracking (DMT) of key points is achieved by local deformation based on the neighboring grid points of key points. The local deformation is optimized by the Random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. Then, a simple harmonic motion (SHM) model is utilized to distinguish cardiac motion from other motion sources (e.g. respiratory, patient movement, etc). Next, the signal which is composed of cardiac motions is filtered by a band-pass filter to reconstruct the cardiac phases. Finally, the synchronization of cardiac phases from different imaging angles is realized by a piece-wise linear transformation. The proposed method was evaluated using clinical x-ray angiographic image sequences from 13 patients. [Formula: see text] matching points can be accurately computed by the DMT method. The mean peak temporal distance (MPTD) between the reconstructed cardiac phases and the electrocardiograph signal is [Formula: see text] s. The correlation between the cardiac phases of the same patient is over [Formula: see text]. Compared with three other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method accurately reconstructs and synchronizes the cardiac phases from different sequences of the same patient. The proposed DMT method is robust and highly effective in synchronizing cardiac phases of angiographic image sequences captured from different imaging angles.

/pdf/deep-motion-tracking-from-multiview-angiographic-image-1y8p77vix4.pdf

Yongtian Wang

Papers

Holographic display based on compressive sensing (Invited Paper)

Design of a miniature anamorphic lens with a freeform front group and an aspheric rear group

High resolution real-time projection display using a half-overlap-pixel method

Monocular Depth Estimation of Outdoor Scenes Using RGB-D Datasets

Deep motion tracking from multiview angiographic image sequences for synchronization of cardiac phases.