We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

An oxygen plasma etching process can be used to create a nanoporous graphene layer that can efficiently desalinate water.

Water desalination using nanoporous single-layer graphene

Graphene: a new emerging lubricant ☆

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/323323.pdf

Production and processing of graphene and 2d crystals

This paper gives a comprehensive review about the most recent progress in synthesis, characterization, fundamental understanding, and the performance of graphene and graphene oxide sponges. Practical applications are considered including use in composite materials, as the electrode materials for electrochemical sensors, as absorbers for both gases and liquids, and as electrode materials for devices involved in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Several advantages of both graphene and graphene oxide sponges such as three dimensional graphene networks, high surface area, high electro/thermo conductivities, high chemical/electrochemical stability, high flexibility and elasticity, and extremely high surface hydrophobicity are emphasized. To facilitate further research and development, the technical challenges are discussed, and several future research directions are also suggested in this paper.

A review of graphene and graphene oxide sponge: material synthesis and applications to energy and the environment

Contact angle goniometry is conducted for epitaxial graphene on SiC Although only a single layer of epitaxial graphene exists on SiC, the contact angle drastically changes from 69° on SiC substrates to 92° on graphene It is found that there is no thickness dependence of the contact angle from the measurements of single-, bi-, and multilayer graphene and highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) After graphene is treated with oxygen plasma, the level of damage is investigated by Raman spectroscopy and the correlation between the level of disorder and wettability is reported By using a low-power oxygen plasma treatment, the wettability of graphene is improved without additional damage, which can solve the adhesion issues involved in the fabrication of graphene devices

Surface-Energy Engineering of Graphene

Frictional characteristics of exfoliated and epitaxial graphene

To determine the friction coefficient of graphene, micro-scale scratch tests are conducted on exfoliated and epitaxial graphene at ambient conditions. The experimental results show that the monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene all yield friction coefficients of approximately 0.03. The friction coefficient of pristine graphene is less than that of disordered graphene, which is treated by oxygen plasma. Ramping force scratch tests are performed on graphene with various numbers of layers to determine the normal load required for the probe to penetrate graphene. A very low friction coefficient and also its high pressure resistance make graphene a promising material for antiwear coatings.

Tunability of the surface plasmon resonance wavelength is demonstrated by varying the thickness of Al2O3 spacer layer inserted between the graphene and nanoparticles. By varying the spacer layer thickness from 0.3 to 1.8 nm, the resonance wavelength is shifted from 583 to 566 nm. The shift is due to a change in the electromagnetic field coupling strength between the localized surface plasmons excited in the gold nanoparticles and a single layer graphene film. In contrast, when the graphene film is absent from the system, no noticeable shift in the resonance wavelength is observed upon varying the spacer thickness.

Graphene induced tunability of the surface plasmon resonance

Tunability of the surface plasmon resonance wavelength is demonstrated by varying the thickness of Al2O3 spacer layer inserted between the graphene and nanoparticles. By varying the spacer layer thickness from 0.3 to 1.8 nm, the resonance wavelength is shifted from 583 to 566 nm. The shift is due to a change in the electromagnetic field coupling strength between the localized surface plasmons excited in the gold nanoparticles and a single layer graphene film. In contrast, when the graphene film is absent from the system, no noticeable shift in the resonance wavelength is observed upon varying the spacer thickness.

Young Jun Shin

Papers

Surface-Energy Engineering of Graphene

Frictional characteristics of exfoliated and epitaxial graphene

Frictional characteristics of exfoliated and epitaxial graphene

Graphene induced tunability of the surface plasmon resonance

Graphene induced tunability of the surface plasmon resonance