____ : ..... '"i-t.-

Fish, cephalopods and shellfish provide a healthy source of high-quality proteins, essential vitamins, minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The beneficial effects of fish consumption on human health such as protection against coronary heart disease and certain cancer may be offset by fish decomposition and the formation of chemical contaminants such as biogenic amines. There are several toxicological effects of biogenic amines on humans, especially histamine. It is the causative agent of histamine or scombroid fish poisoning which is a significant public health problem. In individuals with diminished histamine detoxification, ingestion of even a low or moderate histamine- or tyramine-containing fish may lead to food intolerance. Biogenic amines such as putrescine, tyramine and cadaverine can potentiate histamine toxicity. Furthermore, dietary polyamine intake should be minimised in some cancer patients. Besides their potential toxicity, biogenic amines are used for the evaluation of hygienic quality ...

Biogenic amines in fish, fish products and shellfish: a review

Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011.

. Analysis of 20-year time-series of the vertically averaged salinity and nutrient data in the Southern Adriatic shows that the two parameters are subject to strong decadal variability. In addition, it is documented that nutrient and salinity variations are out of phase. Nutrients in the Ionian and in the Adriatic vary in parallel except that generally the nutrient content in the Adriatic is lower than in the Ionian, a fact that has been attributed to primary producer consumption following the winter convective mixing. As shown earlier, North Ionian Gyre (NIG) changes its circulation sense on a decadal scale due to the Bimodal Oscillating System, i.e. the feedback mechanism between the Adriatic and Ionian. Cyclonic circulation causes a downwelling of the nitracline along the borders of the NIG and a decrease in the nutrient content of the water flowing into the Adriatic across the Otranto Strait, and vice versa. In addition, the highly oligotrophic central area of the Ionian shows annual blooms only during cyclonic NIG circulation. Inversion of the sense of the NIG results in the advection of Modified Atlantic Water or of the Levantine/Eastern Mediterranean waters in the Adriatic. Here, we show that the presence of allochtonous organisms from Atlantic/Western Mediterranean and Eastern Mediterranean/temperate zone in the Adriatic are concurrent with the anticyclonic and cyclonic circulations of the NIG, respectively. On the basis of the results presented, a revision of the theory of Adriatic ingressions formulated in the early 1950s is proposed.

/pdf/on-the-impact-of-the-bimodal-oscillating-system-bios-on-the-hzifz98itg.pdf

On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)

The Catalan Sea, located between the eastern Iberian coast and the Balearic Islands, is a representative portion of the western Mediterranean basin and provides a valuable case study for climate change effects on Mediterranean ecosystems. Global warming is reflected regionally by a rise in sea level over the last century, an increase in surface temperature of around 1.1°C in the last 35 yr, a progressive salinisation of intermediate and deep waters and a strengthening of the stratification. A likely scenario of what we can expect in the Mediterranean Sea is a consider- able decrease in rainfall and wind, warmer surface waters and a prolonged stratification period. The effects on Mediterranean ecosystems are evident in: (1) a meridionalisation of the algal, inver- tebrate and vertebrate species, which favours the more thermophilic species over the temperate species; (2) mass mortality events of sessile invertebrates of the coralligenous communities owing to anomalous warm waters during the period when food is scarce; (3) increases in the smallest phytoplankton due to the prolongation of the water stratification period; (4) proliferation of gelati- nous carnivores, including jellyfish, due to the temperature rise and the lack of rainfall; (5) a faster acidification of seawater, compared with the global oceans, accompanied by a decrease in the capacity to absorb atmospheric CO2. In order to anticipate and mitigate these predicted changes, we recommend investing in research and observation, conserving areas that serve as indicators of climate change and reducing other anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, over- fishing or pollution, which may act synergistically to accelerate these changes.

https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2012/50/c050p001.pdf

Effects of climate change on Mediterranean marine ecosystems: the case of the Catalan Sea

U radu je istražena raspodjela i brojnost dva ekotipa roda Synechococcus, tzv. stanice bogate fikocijaninom (PC-SYN) i stanice bogate fikoeritrinom (PE-SYN) u površinskom sloju vodenog stupca, tijekom 2015. i 2016. godine. Područje istraživanja obuhvaćalo je nekoliko estuarijskih područja te područje trofičkog gradijenta od obale prema otvorenom moru, širokog raspona temperature mora \\((11.82 - 20.75 ^oC)\\), saliniteta (4.47-38.84) i koncentracije hranjiva. Brojnost PC-SYN bila je u rasponu od \\( 0 to 79.79 x 10^ 3 cell mL^-1\\), a PE-SYN od \\(5.01 x 10^3 to 76.74 x 10^3 cell mL^-1\\). Utvrđeno je istovremeno obitavanje oba ekotipa na istraživanom području, s prevladavanjem PC-SYN tijekom proljeća te PE-SYN tijekom zime i jeseni. Pokazana je statistički značajna povezanost između PC-SYN i temperature te njegova jaka pozitivna povezanost s dušikovim spojevima, dok su PE-SYN stanice pozitivno odgovorile na dostupnost fosfata. Relativni omjer dostupnosti fosfora i ukupnih hranjiva dušika (N/P omjer) utjecao je na prostornu raspodjelu oba ekotipa roda Synechococcus.

/pdf/factors-affecting-the-distribution-of-two-synechococcus-1cth8j0ufv.pdf

Factors affecting the distribution of two Synechococcus ecotypes in the coastal Adriatic Sea

In 2000 Croatia initiated a monitoring programme of it’ s shellfish breeding areas in accordance with EU Directive 79/923/EEC and EU Directive 91/492/EEC. Monitoring program includes seawater analysis for the presence of toxic phytoplankton species and shellfish analysis for presence of algal toxins at shellfish tissue. The analysis of PSP, DSP and ASP shellfish toxicity through mouse bioassay, during our monitoring program from 2000 to 2005 showed only presence of DSP toxicity. Meteorological data seems can influence the occurrence of DSP toxicity.

Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring Program at the shell-fish breading areas through the Eastern Adriatic Coast

Massive occurence of benthic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis cf. ovata and Coolia monotis in the eastern Adriatic Sea

In June and July 2002 a mucilaginous bloom appeard in the middle Adriatic Sea in coastal water and open sea. Microscopic analysis reveald the diatom Skeletonema costatum, Nitzschia closterium and Pseudonitzschia seriata complex were associated with the bloom in the coastal water, whereas ia a sample from the open waters, filamentous cyanobacteria were abundant as well as diatoms.

A mucilaginous diatom bloom in the middle Adriatic

The present study shows the concise morphological description of Skeletonema grevillei Sarno & Zingone in the Sibenik Bay on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. Increased abundance of the species was observed during January 2016. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect the ultrastructural morphological features that distinguished the investigated species S. grevillei from the other species in the genus. The average diameter of the cell was 4.1 μm and the pervalvar axis of the valve was 2.2 μm. Intercalary fultoportula processes connecting two adjacent cells, formed a knuckle like junction that interlocked with one (1:1) and occasionally two (1:2) processes from the adjacent cell. Terminal fultoportula processes were open tubes, split along the entire length of the process, with irregularly truncated tips, which bore one or two small lateral spines. External processes of rimoportulae were short in the intercalary valves, but long in the terminal valves of the colony. The terminal rimoportula process had a truncated tip with a teapot spout-like end. The cingular band was composed of numerous copulae that had thin, transverse branching ribs, interspersed with 11 13 hyaline areas in 1µm.

Živana Ninčević Gladan

Papers

Factors affecting the distribution of two Synechococcus ecotypes in the coastal Adriatic Sea

Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring Program at the shell-fish breading areas through the Eastern Adriatic Coast

Massive occurence of benthic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis cf. ovata and Coolia monotis in the eastern Adriatic Sea

A mucilaginous diatom bloom in the middle Adriatic

Morphological Characterization of Skeletonema Grevillei (Bacillariophyta, Thalassiosirales) In the Eastern Adriatic Sea.