Acadia University

About: Acadia University is a education organization based out in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Wireless sensor network. The organization has 1903 authors who have published 3881 publications receiving 90517 citations. The organization is also known as: Queen's College.

Chapter 43 – Burnout

Abstract: Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job. It is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and professional inefficacy. As a reliably identifiable job stress syndrome, burnout clearly places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Burnout impairs both personal and social functioning. This decline in the quality of work and in both physical and psychological health can be costly—not just for the individual worker, but for everyone affected by that person. Interventions to alleviate burnout and to promote its opposite, engagement with work can occur at both organizational and personal levels. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being.

Marginal Life after 49: A Preliminary Study of the Portrayal of Older People in Canadian Consumer Magazine Advertising

Abstract: A content analysis of the national advertisements in the December 1990 editions of the ten largest circulating Canadian consumer magazines indicated that people from age 50 on were under- represented, especially women. There were no 65 and older age group and non-white representations at all. Compared with characters of the 18–49 age range, older characters were cast in less important roles, in lower-level occupations, as tending to stay at home, and being less physically active, reflecting negative stereotypic images in general. However, older characters were included in social and ‘transgenerational’ scenes and were used in advertisements promoting a variety of products and services.

How drug photodegradation studies led to the promise of new therapies and some fundamental carbanion reaction dynamics along the way.

Abstract: The photodegradation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a class of medications that includes aspirin and ibuprofen, has generated considerable interest since the 1990s, largely because of the phototoxic and photoallergic effects that frequently accompany their therapeutic use. Among NSAIDs, ketoprofen, which contains a benzophenone chromophore, has been extensively studied, reflecting both its notorious adverse effects and the fascination that photochemists have with benzophenone. The photochemistry of ketoprofen involves the intermediacy of an easily detectable carbanion with a remarkable lifetime of 200 ns in water; its life expectancy can in fact be extended to minutes under carefully controlled anhydrous conditions. Over the past decade, we have used some key properties of the ketoprofen carbanion to conduct mechanistic studies on carbanions under various conditions. In particular, its ease of photogeneration provides the temporal control required for kinetic studies, which, combined with its long lifetime and readily detectable visible absorption, have enabled extensive laser flash photolysis work. These studies have led to an intimate understanding of the reaction dynamics for carbanions in solution, including the determination of absolute rate constants for protonation, S(N)2, and elimination reactions. Together they provide excellent exemplars of reactivity patterns that today are part of all introductory curricula in organic chemistry and illustrate the fundamentals of nucleophilic substitution paradigms. More recently, we have begun to exploit the photochemistry of ketoprofenate and have developed the ketoprofenate photocage, a valuable tool for the photocontrolled cleavage of protecting groups and concomitant drug release. The photorelease has been illustrated with ibuprofen, among many other molecules. These photocages have been further improved with the use of the xanthone chromophore; the goal is the release of antiviral agents taking advantage of the improved UVA absorption of xanthone (xanthonate photocages). In this Account, we survey our work of the past few years on the photochemistry of ketoprofen and related chromophores. Beginning with studies on the phototoxicity of ketoprofen, we have made the journey to new prodrug candidates, unraveling mechanistic elements of aroyl-substituted benzyl carbanions along the way.