Showing papers by "Acadia University published in 1987"

Nan River suture zone, northern Thailand

Abstract: The Nan River suture zone consists of a belt of ophiolitic mafic and ultramafic rocks formed in a back-arc or inter-arc setting, and metasedimentary rocks including epidote-crossite blueschists that may represent an inner-trench sequence. These rocks are probably pre-Permian in age. The Nan River belt forms part of the suture between the Indosinian and Shan-Thai cratonic blocks and is inferred to correlate with the Changning-Shuangjiang suture zone in southern China.

Anaerobic Metabolism and Changes in Acid—Base Status: Quantitative Interrelationships and PH Regulation in the Marine Worm Sipunculus Nudus

Abstract: The quantitative influence of anaerobic metabolism on acid—base status and on acid-base regulation is investigated in Sipunculus nudus L. Proton generation by metabolism is calculated from theoretical predictions. The quantitative comparison of metabolic protons with non-respiratory protons found in the acid—base status is performed assuming a simplified model of the total animal. Taking the protonequivalent ion exchange between animals and ambient water into account, changes in the anaerobic acid—base status can be explained exclusively by proton generation in metabolism. It is concluded that the classical concept of acid—base physiology is adequate and that the consideration of strong ions is not required for a quantitative treatment of the acid—base status. The hypothesis that a quantitative correlation exists between metabolic and acid—base events is tested by comparing changes in acid—base status and in metabolism in animals exhibiting different metabolic rates. For this purpose, a method is developed for the calculation of intracellular p H from metabolite concentrations and extracellular acid—base parameters. Proton exchange between intra-and extracellular compartments, which is found to depend upon the total amount of accumulated non-respiratory protons, demonstrates that p H i is regulated even during anaerobiosis. The defended p H, value, however, is lower during anaerobiosis than during subsequent recovery. Note: Address for reprint requests

A Cross-Cultural/Cross-National Study of the Information Content of Television Advertisements

Abstract: The difficulty of communicating to people of diverse cultures and nations is one of the greatest creative challenges in international advertising. In most cases, differences in cultural and other environmental factors would result in perceptual differences and thus necessitate the use of different types of advertising media and messages. The purpose of this study was to investigate cross-cultural and cross-national differences in marketing communications. The study extends an earlier work conducted by Dowling (1980) on the information content of TV advertising. Television commercials were selected from 6 different channels, 3 in Maine and 3 in the Maritime region of Canada. Commercials were selected on each day of the week by a multi-stage random-selection process. Three bilingual judges were presented with fourteen criteria to be used in determining whether an advertisement was to be classified as informative or non-informative. An examination of the overall informativeness of the advertisements selected...

Endophytic algae of Irish moss (Chondrus crispus Stackh.)

Abstract: The red alga Chondrus crispus Stackh., Irish moss, occurs in Europe from northern Norway south to North Africa. In the western Atlantic the range is from Labrador to New Jersey (MacFarlane, 1968), where C. crispus is a major component of littoral and sublittoral communities (Mathieson & Prince, 1973; Prince & Kingsbury, 1973) and has been harvested for its commercially important extractive, carrageenan (McLachlan, 1985). Considerable efforts have thus been made to understand the biology, enhance the resource and cultivate C. crispus (Mathieson & Prince, 1973; Prince & Kingsbury, 1973; Neish et al., 1977; Simpson et al., 1978; Simpson & Shacklock, 1979; Bidwell et al., 1985). Associations with other species, including epiphytes (Mathieson & Prince, 1973), have been studied in natural populations and culture systems (Prince & Kingsbury, 1973; Neish et al., 1977; Enright, 1978).

Diet of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring, A. aestivalis (Pisces: Clupeidae) in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, a turbid, macrotidal estuary

Abstract: Stomach contents of anadromous alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring, A aestivalis, obtained from brush weir and drift net collections in Minas Basin, NS, were examined Diets showed much overlap in terms of resource use, but the dietary importance of major prey categories differed substantially between species Alewives favoured larger, more benthic prey (eg amphipods, mysids and crangonids), while blueback herring appeared to concentrate their feeding on microzooplankters (eg calanoid copepods, cypris larvae and molluscan veligers) Interspecific differences in diet composition are largely attributed to the planktivorous feeding habits of small (81–155 mm fork length) blueback herring Differences in prey suggest that alewives utilize a particulate feeding strategy while blueback herring are predominantly filter-feeders Although competition for food in the Basin seems unlikely since high secondary production yields a superabundance of prey, differences in feeding behaviour between younger, smaller individuals of both species could be a means of avoiding competitive interactions in an environment where there are space/access limitations imposed by the tidal cycle

Spotlight failure in covert visual orienting

Abstract: An important property of visual orienting is that the metaphorical “beam” is aimed at a location in space, and should therefore affect performance on any stimuli that occur at attended (producing benefits) or nonattended (producing costs) locations Three experiments are reported that challenge this property We used a precuing paradigm in which centrally presented arrows indicated the likely location of a probable stimulus event, which the subject had to discriminate from’ an improbable event In each experiment the probable stimulus-response pairing showed significant cuing effects (costs + benefits), whereas the improbable stimulus-response pairing did not This finding suggests that covert endogenous (centrally presented cues) orienting is not well characterized by the spotlight metaphor Under these conditions, subjects seem to be generating a more specific expectancy

Analytical pyrolysis as a taxonomic tool in Gracilaria (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales)

Abstract: Species of Gracilaria Greville are known to differ in the chemical structure, hence, physical properties of their extracted agar (e.g., Hong et al., 1969; Craigie et al., 1984). Thus, agar composition can be useful taxonomically, possibly serving to distinguish taxa that are not easily differentiated by morphology or other conventional criteria. However, as analysis of agar usually involves destruction of considerable amounts of plant material, it is impractical for most taxonomic purposes.

Validating a test of functional performance with psychiatric patients.

Abstract: The primary pUipose ofthe study was to contribute to the validation ofa recently developed test of functional abilities, the Bay area Functional Perfor­ mance Evaluation (BaFPE) On the premise that aspects of intelligence injluence functional perfor­ mance, three subscales ofthe Wechsler Adult Intelli­ gence Scale (WAfS) were administered, in conjunc­ tion with the BaFPE task-oriented assessment (TOA), to a sample of60psychiatric inpatients with diag­ nosed depression or schizophrenia. The three sub­ scales (picture completion, hlock design, and digit symbol) correlated Significantly with the TOA, thus supporting its validity A second goal was to determine what variables were predictors offunctional performance. Age and history ofelectroconvulsive treatments were nega­ tively associated with the TOA, and leuel ofeduca­ tion was positively associated with it. Variables not associated with the TOA were diagnosis, gender, amount ofmedication, type of medication, numher ofadmissions, and lotal time spent in a hospital in the past 2 years. Research and clinical implications are discussed.

Surface distribution of Foraminifera in a New England salt marsh: Plum Island, Massachusetts

Abstract: Salt marsh agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages, floristie zones and environmental subdivisions along the Plum Island barrier island system in Massachusetts resemble the zonation pattern for coastal marshes in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Forty-three surface samples from high marsh, low marsh, tidal channel margin and elevated surface environments yielded seven species: Trochanmina macrescens, Tr. Inflate, Miliammina fusca. Tiphotrocha comprimata. Amotium sal sum, Haplophragmoides bonplandi, and Arenoparelia mexicana. Analysis of the dead to living ratios does not show a significant preservational difference among the salt marsh environments. Analysis of the total distributions indicates significant differences among the foraminiferal assemblages as a function of surface environments. The high marsh is characterized by Trochanmina macrescens, Tiphotrocha comprimata and two of the lesa common species. The low marsh is characterized by Miliammina fusca, Trochanmina inflate, and Ammotium salsum. The tidal channel margin assemblage is similar to that of the low marsh except that Ammotium salsum is no longer significant. Although the elevated marsh surfaces contained no living specimens, a high marsh type assemblage of dead specimens was present. These cosmopolitan foraminiferal assemblages should be valid discriminators for the reconstruction of Holocene salt marsh paleoenvironments in many regions. RESUME Dans les marais salants longeant le systeme de fleches littoralea de Plum Island, au Massachusetts, les assemblages de foraminiferes agglutinants, les zones floristiques et les subdivisions environneroentales observes ressemblent au zonage des marais cotlers des Maritimes. Quarante-trois ecbantillons de surface des slikkes, schorres, chenaux de maree et bancs de surface eleves ont livre sept especes: Trochanmina macrescens, Tr. Inflate, Miliammina fusca. Tiphotrocha comprimata. Amotium sal sum, Haplophragmoides bonplandi, et Arenoparelia mexicana. Une analyse des rapports morts/vivants ne montre aucune difference notable entre les environneraents de marais salants. Une analyse des distributions totales indique des differences notables entre les assemblages de foraminiferes en fonction des environmements de surface. La schorre se caracterise par T. macrescens, T. comprimata et deux especes moins communes. La slikke se distingue par M. fusca. T. infJata et A. salsum. Les assemblages de bordure des chenaux de marees ressemblent a la slikke bien qu' A. salsum n'y soit plus preponderant. Bien que les bancs eleves du marais ne contiennent aucun specimen vivant, on y rencontre un assemblage de specimens morts typique de la schorre. Ces assemblages cosmopolites de foraminiferes devraient pouvoir servir d'indicateurs valides lors de la reconstitution des paleomilieux de marais salants holocenes dans plusieurs regions. [Traduit par le journal]

Model studies of the effect of temperature on spreading rate of a crude oil on water

Abstract: One-dimensional viscous-surface tension spreading rate of oil slicks on calm water was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Comparison of the spreading rates of different crude oils at various temperatures is presented. The spreading rate of crude oil increased with temperature at the rate of 1.1% per °C. Experimental data are given for the change with temperature in viscosity, surface tension, water-crude interfacial tension, and density of crude samples. The pour point of crude samples, another temperature dependent property, is also discussed. The increment in temperature of crude oils causes a decrement in its viscosity, density, surface and interface tensions while spreading rate is increasing.

An examination of development trends in field dependence among age groups of 13 to 21 years of age

Abstract: Three groups of 120 male and female students each, aged 13 to 15 yr., 16 to 18 yr., and 19 to 21 yr., were tested on Oilman's portable rod-and-frame apparatus to assess field dependence. Analysis indicated that the 16- to 18-yr.-old group was more field independent. Developmental trends indicated decreased field-dependence into late adolescence, and then a reversal indicating an increase in field-dependence beginning in early adulthood (19- to 21-yr.-old group).

Rational expectations estimation of money demand for south asian countries

Abstract: In recent years, the demand for money function for some of the South Asian countries, namely India and Pakistan, has been estimated by many economists and econometricians alike [e.g., Fry, JDE, 1978; Gupta, JDS, 1970; Hu, JPE, 1971; Khan, PDR, 1980, 1982; and Wong, JME, 1977]. It is theoretically postulated that the amount of real money holdings by the economic agents depends on the level of real income and on the expected opportunity costs of the holding of real balances relative to other financial assets and goods. The opportunity costs of real balances and goods, in turn, depend upon their yields which are measured as the expected interest rate and the expected rate of inflation, respectively. The expected interest and inflation variables are generally unobservable and, therefore, in order to empirically estimate a money demand function that includes these variables, an assumption about the expectations formation is required. Most of the demand for money functions estimated for these South Asian countries assumed an adaptive form of expectations for the unobserved variables. The adaptive form of expectations is ad hoc and arbitrary and based only on the past information of the variable itself. To circumvent these problems, an alternative form of expectations has been suggested, known as the "Rational Expectations (RE) Hypothesis" [Muth, Econometrica, 1961]. The essential concept of rational expectations is fairly simple: economic agents form expectations efficiently using all available information. Although the demand for money functions under RE have been extensively estimated for developed eountries [Frenkel, AER, 1977; Khan, JPE, 1977; Salemi and Sargent, IER, 1979; Sargent, IER, 1977] and also for some Latin American countries [Liederman, IER, 1981], it appears that not much work has been done in estimating demand for money under RE for some of the economically and politically important countries in the South Asian region, namely India and Pakistan. This paper estimates the demand for money function for these two South Asian countries under RE using quarterly time series data covering the period from 1972-1 to 1985-4. The estimation technique used is a Full Information Maximum Likelihood Generalized Errors-in-Variables method proposed by Wickens [J. Eco. Studies, 1982] for RE models. The significance of this study is not limited to the methodology of rational expectations estimation of the money demand function for these countries but, more importantly, it is the empirical results which seem interesting and relevant for the conduct of monetary policies in developing countries. Some of the earlier empirical work by Gupta and Khan using the adaptive expectations approach found expected interest rates significant in the money demand function for these two developing countries. Contrary to these results, the FIML findings highlighted the importance of inflation rather than interest rate expectations in the money demand function. These results seem to be consistent for developing countries where the financial sector is relatively thin and heavily controlled; consequently, the interest rates are not competitively determined in the free markets.

Spacer flashover time lags in sf6 under fast-front impulse voltages

Abstract: A measurement system for studying the breakdown of insulator surfaces in sulphur hexafluoride under fast front (10 ns rise time) voltages is described. Measurements of volt-time characteristics have been made using 3 and 10 mm diameter rod electrodes in a rod-plane configuration with several insulator materials and geometries. The results show that insulator surfaces can have a significant effect on flashover voltage, volt-time characteristics, and flashover probability at very short times to breakdown.

Tobin’s q , the Demand for Investment and the Corporate Profit Taxation Policy in Canada (1950-1983)

Abstract: INTRODUCTION In his General Theory, Keynes argued that the ratio q of the market value of firms to the replacement costs of their assets is an important determinant of investment demand. As the market value of the firm depends on the yield of stocks and bonds, the ratio q depends itself negatively on the general level of interest. It also depends positively on the corporate income tax parameters such as the tax rate and the capital cost allowance schedule. That is, in this model, both monetary policy and corporation taxation policy affect the level of investment, if at all, through q . Whether monetary policy, or corporate income taxation policy can stabilize investment depends on at least two conditions. First they must alter the procyclical tendency of q due to the procyclicity of expected profits, and secondly, q must act on investment with a very short lag.

Preparation and Some Reactions of 2,3,5,6‐Tetrafluorobenzenesulfenyl Chloride.

Abstract: 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluorobenzenesulfenyl chloride was prepared from the thiol and chlorine. Its reactions with olefins, ammonia, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds show that it acts as a typical sulfenyl chloride and several new compounds have been isolated. These were characterized by elemental analysis, as well as by NMR (H-1 and F-19), mass and infrared spectroscopy.