Showing papers by "Aligarh Muslim University published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors touch the core of an old and hallowed controversy in which the partisans and opponents of British imperiahsm once confronted each other, arguing that the fault lay with certain inherent weaknesses in Indian society, such as the influence of an "enervating climate", the heritage of "oriental despotism", recurring cycles of anarchy, primitive techniques and ignorance, rigidities of the caste system, the prevailing spirit of resignation rather than enterprise, all created conditions in which nothing but a subsistence economy could function.
Abstract: When we ask ourselves the question why India failed to industrialize (and develop a capitalistic economy) either before or after the British conquest, we touch the core of an old and hallowed controversy in which the partisans and opponents of British imperiahsm once confronted each other. To admirers of British rule, generally, it seemed that the fault lay with certain inherent weaknesses in Indian society. The influence of an “enervating climate,” the heritage of “oriental despotism” and recurring cycles of anarchy (inhibiting the accumulation and investment of capital), primitive techniques and ignorance, the rigidities of the caste system, the prevailing spirit of resignation rather than enterprise, all created conditions in which nothing but a subsistence economy could function. From such wretched beginnings, the British could not, whatever they did, lift Indian economy to European levels. The critics of imperialism saw things in a different light. They insisted that the primitive nature of Indian economy before British conquests ought not to be overstressed, and they ascribed India's backwardness chiefly to the strangulating effects of British rule, to “the drain of wealth,” the destruction of handicrafts, heavy taxation, and discrimination against Indian industry and capital. It will thus be seen that though the controversy involved a number of important aspects of modern Indian economic history, in part at least it centered on the potentialities of development in the Indian economy prior to the British conquests.
117 citations
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, reaction cross-sections for some forty-five cases in the range 167≥A≥6 are measured by the activation technique at (14.8±0.5) MeV neutron energy.
Abstract: (n, p) reaction cross-sections for some forty-five cases in the range 167≥A≥6 are measured by the activation technique at (14.8±0.5) MeV neutron energy. Measured cross-sections are compared with the cross-sections semi-empirically predicted by Gardner and Levkovskii. Experimental cross-sections are also compared with cross-section values obtained theoretically using a shell-dependent level density.
37 citations
TL;DR: A new order, Mononchida is proposed to contain the Bathyodontoidea (Clark, 1961) n.
Abstract: This is the first paper of the series on mononchs of India; it takes into account species of Hadronchus, Iotonchus, and Miconchus and it also deals with a revised classification of the group. Hadronchus andamanicus n. sp., has an apex of its dorsal tooth in posterior half of buccal cavity, mono-prodelphic gonad with a large posterior uterine sac, vulval papillae, caudal glands with terminal opening and a long filiform tail 6-10 anal body-widths long. Hadronchus shakili n. sp., is quite similar to H. andamanicus but has two ovaries. Iotonchus baqrii n. sp., is mono-prodelphic and unique in having large cuticularized pieces in the vagina at 9-12 μ from vulva. Iotonchus indicus n. sp., has two ovaries, basal dorsal-tooth, elongate-conoid tail 6-9 anal body-widths long and a subterminal opening to caudal glands. Miconchus dalhousiensis n. sp., has two ovaries, three equal sized basal teeth and tail about 4 anal body-widths long without caudal glands. Two known species, Iotonchus trichurus and Miconchus digiturus have also been recorded. A new order, Mononchida is proposed to contain the Bathyodontoidea (Clark, 1961) n. rank. and Mononchoidea (Chitwood, 1937) Clark, 1961. The superfamily Bathyodontoidea includes two families: Bathyodontidae Clark, 1961 and Mononchulidae (De Coninck, 1965) n. rank. The superfamily Mononchoidea includes the family Mononchidae Chitwood, 1937 and the following 4 new families and 2 new subfamilies: Mylonchulidae (Mylonchulinae and Sporonchulinae), Cobbonchidae, Anatonchidae and Iotonchidae.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the diffusion of LiCl, NaCl and KCl through parchment-supported silver iodide membrane has been studied at various temperatures, and the results have been discussed in the light of TMS theory and the views of Sollner, Gregor and Eisenman.
29 citations
TL;DR: Quelques bisflavones qui contiennent un lien 6,8″ ont été isolées and charactérisées pour la première fois.
Abstract: Quelques bisflavones qui contiennent un lien 6,8″ ont ete isolees et characterisees pour la premiere fois. Les deplacements methoxyliques permettent de decider si l'on a affaire a des elements flavanoides liees 6, ou 8″. Le controle enzymique de la production de bisflavones dans le genreAuraucariaceae est demontre.
25 citations
TL;DR: Membrane potentials across parchment-supported silver iodide membrane in NH4Cl,KCl,NaCl and LiCl solutions of various concentrations have been determined to evaluate fixed charge density (ω) and permselectivity of the membrane.
22 citations
TL;DR: Papers impregnated with the inorganic ion-exchangers tin(IV) tungstate and selenite have been shown to be useful for ions-exchange chromatography of several metal ion mixtures.
18 citations
TL;DR: Araucaria cookii donne les premières bisflavones optiquement actives de la série des amentoflavones et un analyse complète des spectra de RNM des substances de cette séries a été faite.
Abstract: Araucaria cookii donne les premieres bisflavones optiquement actives de la serie des amentoflavones. Une analyse complete des spectra de RNM des substances de cette serie a ete faite. Les deplacements methoxyliques induits par le solvant s'ajoutent aux resultats de l'analyse de RNM et les confirment.
18 citations
TL;DR: In the Espanola-willisville area, the Bruce Formation is essentially a massive and unstratified diamict, a pebbly conglomeratic muddy sandstone.
18 citations
TL;DR: Seasonal changes in the various biochemical constituents of muscle, liver and gonads were studied in the cat-fish, W. attu, and found different phases of maturation were associated with marked quantitative fluctuations of each ingredient in different tissues.
Abstract: Seasonal changes in the various biochemical constituents of muscle, liver and gonads were studied in the cat-fish, W. attu. Distinct phases of high and low fat accumulation occurred in each tissue. Moisture in different tissues showed marked seasonal variations which were related inversely to the changes in the amount of fat. Seasonal fluctuation in protein was less pronounced in muscle and liver while in ovaries these were fairly well defined. Protein values in all the tissues were generally low during the winter. Ash content showed little variations in the three tissues. The seasonal cycles of various constituents in each tissue were correlated with the cycle of maturation and depletion of gonads. Different phases of maturation were associated with marked quantitative fluctuations of each ingredient in different tissues.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relation to the nuclear case is considered and it is found to be inappropriate for the case of nuclear power.
TL;DR: In this article, the Thomas-Fermi gas model of the nucleus is used to calculate the imaginary part of the optical model potential using the kinetic energy of the incident nucleon inside the nucleus.
TL;DR: The inhibitors present in the extracts of Cinchoma ledgeriana, Emblica officinalis, Chrysobalanus C. icaco andTerminalia chebula were heat-stable, resistant to autoclaving, aging and desiccation for a week, however, they did not withstand dialysis for 48 hrs.
Abstract: The inhibitors present in the extracts ofCinchoma ledgeriana, Emblica officinalis, Chrysobalanus C. icaco andTerminalia chebula were heat-stable, resistant to autoclaving, aging and desiccation for a week. However, they did not withstand dialysis for 48 hrs (exceptT. chebula extract.) These four extracts markedly inhibited the virus even on dilution in the ratio of 1⤜1 but viral infectivity was sharply reduced at higher dilutions in each case. Moreover, the inhibitors in the stem bark extract ofC. ledgeriana, fruit pericarp extract ofE. officinalis andT. chebula were highly inhibitory even at pH 10·0, whereas inhibition of the virus by leaf extract ofC. icaco was reduced to 24 per cent only at the same pH. The inhibitors in these four extracts were found to be probably not proteinaceous in nature, when precipitated with ammonium sulphate and ethanol.
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TL;DR: A new genus, Morasia is proposed for Dorylaimoides rhabdotus (Kreis, 1930) Thorne & Swanger, 1936 and a closely related new species, both of which are similar to Doryolonoides but possess dissimilar tails in the two sexes.
Abstract: A new genus, Morasia is proposed for Dorylaimoides rhabdotus (Kreis, 1930) Thorne & Swanger, 1936 and a closely related new species, both of which are similar to Dorylaimoides but possess dissimilar tails in the two sexes. Morasia dimorphicauda n. gen., n. sp. (1.53-1.91 mm long) has 57-70 glandular organs in lateral hypodermal chords, spear 7-9 μ ventrally and 11-13 μ dorsally, spear extensions 17-20 μ, amphidelphic gonads, tail elongate conoid in female and bluntly rounded in male. Dorylaimoides constrictus n. sp. (0.80-0.90 mm long) spear 4-5 μ ventrally and 6.7 μ dorsally, spear extensions 9-11 μ, mono-opisthodelphic gonad, tail filiform and 6-9 anal body-widths long. Dorylaimoides saueri n. sp. (0.80-0.95 mm long) has spear 7 μ, ventrally and 9-10 μ dorsally, spear extensions 12-13 μ, mono-opisthodelphic gonad and tail elongate, 5-6 anal body-widths long. Dorylaimoides arcuicaudatus n. sp. (1.24-1.41 mm long) has spear 7-10 μ ventrally and 10-13 μ dorsally, spear extensions 15-16 μ, amphidelphic gonads, tail conoid, ventrally arcuate, 2.0-2.5 anal body widths long. Males of D. arcuatus Siddiqi, 1964 and D. parateres Siddiqi, 1964 are here reported for the first time. A key to the species of the genus Dorylaimoides is provided.
TL;DR: Tail shape and also the shape and structure of the junction between the anterior slender part and the expanded basal part of the oesophagus varied within and between species.
Abstract: The genera Enchodorella and Thornedia are synonymized with Longidorella which is retained in Nordiinae, Dorylaimidae. Observations are made on specimens of Longidorella parva from Malawi, India and E. Pakistan; L. xenura, L. murithi and L. hastata from India; L. penetrans from U.S.A., L. europaea, L. macramphis and L. ?tredecima from England. Tail shape and also the shape and structure of the junction between the anterior slender part and the expanded basal part of the oesophagus varied within and between species.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: Differences were observed in the various values for blood cell counts in the four species of airbreathing fishes of freshwaters of India.
Abstract: Differential blood cell counts were made onOphicephalus striatus, Ophicephalus punctatus, Clarias magur andHeteropneustes fossilis, airbreathing fishes of freshwaters of India. Erythrocyte counts were made with a Neubauer Hemocytometer. Mature erythrocytes were also measured and their range, mean length and width were obtained in microns for each fish species. The first 100 corpuscles of leucocytic series seen on each slide were counted and listed under the following categories, thrombocytes, large and small lymphocytes and any of the three types of granulocytes namely, eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils. The range and mean percentages for each white corpuscle were calculated for each species. Not a single basophil was found in the whole study. Large lymphocytes were found in each species with the exception ofO. striatus. Differences were observed in the various values for blood cell counts in the four species. Photomicrographs were made forC. magur andO. striatus representing all types of cells.
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation of acetic acid-thionyl chloride has been discussed, and the mechanism of the reaction has been described, as well as the yield and reaction rate.
Abstract: The present communication deals with the preparatory aspects of acetyl chloride. The procedure is quite general and can be applied to any other halide preparation. The rate of acetic acid-thionyl chloride reaction rises with the polarity of the solvent, and so does the yield. Alkali metal chlorides catalyse the reaction and increase the yield. The rate as well as the yield follow the order: CsCl > RbCl > KCl > NaCl. The mechanism of the process has been discussed.
Studien uber das System Fettsaure-Thionylchlorid VI: Herstellung von Acylhalogeniden in guter Ausbeute
Die Arbeit befast sich mit der Herstellung von Acetylchlorid. Die angewandte Methodik ist allgemein brauchbar und kann auch zur Herstellung anderer Acylhalogenide verwendet werden. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit sowie die Ausbeute bei der Reaktion zwischen Essigsaure und Thionylchlorid steigen mit zunehmender Polaritat des Losungsmittels. Alkalichloride katalysieren die Umsetzung und fuhren zu hoheren Ausbeuten. Der Einflus der einzelnen Katalysatoren auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und die Ausbeute nimmt in nachstehender Reihenfolge zu: CsCl > RbCl > KCl > NaCl. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
TL;DR: In this article, a plupart des historiens sont d'accord sur le fait qu'il existe une relation de cause à effet entre les deux phénomènes, the révolution des prix ayant été provoquée dans une large mesure by l'afflux de métaux précieux.
Abstract: L'histoire économique européenne a été marquée au XVIe et au XVIIe siècles par deux phénomènes remarquables, la révolution des prix et l'énorme afflux de métaux précieux — or et argent — rapportés d'Amérique en Europe. La plupart des historiens sont d'accord sur le fait qu'il existe une relation de cause à effet entre les deux phénomènes, la révolution des prix ayant été provoquée dans une large mesure par l'afflux de métaux précieux. Bien qu'on puisse encore discuter abondamment sur la nature exacte de cette corrélation et sur l'importance relative de l'afflux de métal américain (relative s'entend par rapport au stock d'or et d'argent déjà existant en Europe), il est clair que ces phénomènes n'ont pu rester limités au seul continent européen et se sont fait sentir bien au delà du cadre de l'Europe.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potentiometric determination of tetrapotassium tetrahydroxytetracyanotungstate (IV) using I2, Cr2O72− and Ce(IV) as oxidants is reported.
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction of uranyl nitrate with potassium-molybdocyanide has been investigated spectrophotometrically and the reaction occurs in the molar ratio of 1:1.
Abstract: Interaction of uranyl nitrate with potassium-molybdocyanide has been investigated spectrophotometrically. The reaction occurs in the molar ratio of 1:1. This is further supported by conductometric titrations performed in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic media. Formation constant and free energy of formation has been calculated.
TL;DR: In this paper, a mechanism involving the electrophilic attack of the oxidant on the tertiary carbon atom of the fatty acid to yield a carbonium ion has been postulated, bei dem das Oxydationsmittel das tertiare Kohlenstoffatom angreift, wobei Carboniumionen entstehen.
Abstract: The kinetics of oxidation of isobutyric and isovaleric acids by chromic acid in sulphuric acid medium have been studied. The end product acetic acid is supposed to be derived from the ketones which are the initial oxidation products of the corresponding branched chain fatty acids. The influence of acetic acid on the oxidation velocity has been examined and a marked effect on the rate constants with increasing acetic acid concentration has been observed. A mechanism involving the electrophilic attack of the oxidant on the tertiary carbon atom of the fatty acid to yield a carbonium ion has been postulated.
Oxydation von verzweigtkettigen Fettsauren mit Chromschwefelsaure
Die Kinetik der Oxydation von Isobutter- und Isovaleriansauren mit Hilfe von Chromschwefelsaure wurde untersucht. Die als Endprodukt auftretende Essigsaure entsteht vermutlich aus den Ketonen, die zunachst durch Oxydation der entsprechenden verzweigtkettigen Fettsauren gebildet werden. Die Untersuchung uber den Einflus der Essigsaure auf die Oxydationsgeschwindigkeit ergab, das mit zunehmender Essigsaure-Konzentration die Geschwindigkeitskonstante betrachtlich groser wird. Ein Mechanismus wird vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Oxydationsmittel das tertiare Kohlenstoffatom angreift, wobei Carboniumionen entstehen.
01 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction and simultaneous optimization of multi-variable control systems with the help of a single compensation matrix is discussed, where constraints are placed on the elements of the matrix in the forward path such that the given system is rendered noninteracting and is also optimum.
Abstract: The interaction and simultaneous optimization of multi-variable control systems with the help of a single compensation matrix is discussed. The constraints are placed on the elements of the matrix in the forward path such that the given system is rendered non-interacting and is also optimum. The extension of the proposed technique to the sampled-data systems is also given. A comparison of the results and of the actual labour involved in the design of some particular systems indicates the advantages of the method proposed here over the earlier techniques.