Showing papers by "Bethlehem Steel published in 1985"

Thermodynamic study of Na2O-SiO2 melts at 1300° and 1400 °C

Abstract: The vapor pressures of Na above stirred Na2O-SiO2 melts in equilibrium with graphite and CO were determined at 1300° and 1400 °C using the transpiration technique. Compositions studied ranged from about 60 mole pct SiO2 to close to SiO2 saturation. Activities of components Na2O and SiO2 were calculated from the data. Log aNa2O (pure liquid as standard state) varies from about −8.7 and −8.5 at silica saturation to −6.3 and −6.1 at 40 mole pct Na2O at 1300° and 1400 °C, and the molar Gibbs energy of mixing, ΔG m, at the disilicate composition (XNa2O = 0.33) at each of these temperatures is −83.0 and −85.4 kJ, respectively. The Toop and Samis, Yokokawa and Niwa, and Lin and Pelton solution models for binary silicates were applied to the ΔG m data at 1350 °C and parameters for the models were estimated to give best fits. All three models show good correspondence with the measured ΔG m curve. The capabilities of the models in predicting activity data in this system have been compared.

Mobile, offshore, jack-up, marine platform adjustable for sloping seafloor

Abstract: A mobile, offshore, jack-up, marine platform adjustable for sloping sea floor (3) having a mat (2), a multilegged column (5) pivotally connected thereto and a work platform (8) slidably mounted on the column (5). Means are included for independently vertically adjusting at least one leg and for selectively cantilevering a drilling unit (12) on the work platform (8), with offset ballasting (42) of the work platform (8).

Removal of complexed zinc-cyanide from wastewater with improved sludge stability

Abstract: A method of removing complexed zinc-cyanide from wastewater involving a multiple stage process including, in a first step, control of ferrous ions to a critical minimum concentration of 250 to 400 ppm, together with pH control in the first and also a second step, together with recycling of a portion of sludge precipitated in the process. Improved sludge stability is achieved by aeration to oxidize precipitated ferrous hydroxide to ferric hydroxide, immediately before settling the sludge in a thickener.

The effect of initial carbide morphology on abnormal grain growth in decarburized low carbon steel

Abstract: The effect of fine or coarse carbide particles on abnormal grain growth in a low carbon steel subjected to small deformation was studied. Grain growth was induced in a decarburizing atmosphere at 1450 ‡F (788 ‡C) in order to study the effect of the initial carbide particle morphology on the subsequent motion of the grain boundaries at temperature. In this manner, the primary influence of second phase particles during straining could be evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the large carbide particles exhibit a larger dislocation density area around them than the small carbide particles after straining up to ten percent. At higher strains, cell formation begins and the dislocation distribution is more uniform. Both coarse and fine carbide particle samples demonstrated three stage abnormal grain growth at strains below 10 pct. An incubation stage, which decreases with increasing strain, is followed by an abnormal grain growth stage, in which certain selected grains grow at the expense of other grains. Finally an equilibrium stage is reached in which the largest grain size is obtained for the lowest strain. At the lowest strains coarse carbide material has a longer incubation time and coarser Stage III grain size than the fine carbide alloy.

Continuous casting slag

Abstract: A synthetic slag composition for the continuous casting of steel. The slag composition is used in the tundish to condition and remove sulfur from the molten steel prior to the steel being introduced into the continuous casting mold.

Method and apparatus for eliminating crescent formation in a reduction mill

Abstract: The apparatus and method for eliminating crescent formation in a steel strip reduction mill includes a strip tension monitor which measures the tension between the stands and transmits the measured tension to a controller. A roll speed monitor for the driven roll of the stands transmits data to the controller indicative of the roll speed. A tail end detector is positioned upstream of the upstream stand for detecting the tail end of the strip and for transmitting that information to the controller. A controller receives the data and calculates a target interstand strip tension when the tail end is sensed and causes a speed controller to increase the rotational speed of the rolls and to thereby decrease the strip tension until such time as the measured tension equals the target interstand tension.

Fe-Al-Cr-P-(B,C) amorphous alloy

Abstract: A highly corrosion resistant amorphous iron-base alloy having the formula Fea Crb Alc Pd (B,C)e where, in a/o: a=100-(b+c+d+e) b=4 to 6 c=7.5 to 13 d=12 to 14 e=1 to 8, and provided further that e+d=15 to 22, and e+d+c=27 to 35. The alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and is easy to pulverize, thus, making it ideal as a metallic pigment in paints, plasma spray coating powders, and as a filler for plastics.

AEM Microanalysis of Phase Equilibria in Ni3Al Intermetallic Alloys Containing Iron

Abstract: In order to fully exploit the potential of Ni 3 Al alloys containing iron, it is necessary to characterize the phase relationships at the Ni-rich region of the Ni-Al-Fe ternary phase diagram. Due to the fine scale structures observed, a technique with high spatial resolution is required. X-ray microanalysis in the analytical electron microscope (AEM) provides a sufficiently high spatial resolution to determine the composition of the various phases occurring in this system. In this study, the isothermal section at 1000°C was evaluated in a series of alloys having nickel contents greater than 65 wt%. In Ni 3 Al, Fe can substitute for either Ni or Al in the ordered face-centered cubic lattice having an Ll 2 structure. However, in substituting Fe for Ni one finds that the solubility limit is quickly exceeded at about 5 wt% Fe with the resultant formation of a ordered body-centered cubic (B2) phase at high temperature, which transforms martensitically upon quenching. Also, in substituting Fe for Al, the solubility limit is exceeded at about 5 wt% Fe with the formation of a disordered, face-centered cubic Ni-rich terminal solid solution. Thus, a very narrow range of alloy compositions exist where Fe can substitute for Ni and Al and preserve a single-phase L1 2 structure. It was found that the maximum solubility of Fe in Ni 3 Al at 1000°C was 17.3 wtpercnt; at 70.3 wt% Ni and 12.4 wt% Al.

Method of making a steel plate for construction applications

Abstract: A steel plate product, and the method for producing same, wherein the plate, in thicknesses up to 4.0 inches, is characterized in the as-rolled condition by high strength, a uniform fine grain size, and good toughness at low temperatures. The processing techniques include among other features a modified controlled rolling practice.

Analog cam profile sensor system

Abstract: An apparatus for accurately positioning the support member which is carried by a movable member movable along a trackway or the like comprising a fixed cam having an arcuate surface, at least one cam follower engagable with said cam and means for sensing the position of the cam follower relative to the cam so that when the cam follower has reached a predetermined position along the cam the support member is accurately positioned. A sensing means is disclosed including a cam follower shaft attached to the cam follower. An analog shaft angle resolver is rotatably connected to the cam follower shaft so as to measure the angular rotation of the cam follower shaft and produce a voltage corresponding to the angular rotational position of the cam follower shaft. The analog voltage signal is then converted into a digital signal and fed into a digital display which displays a number proportional to the distance the support member is from a predetermined position.

The Use of Statistical Methods in Dimensional Process Control

Abstract: : In shipbuilding, the stage of construction which lends itself to the most time and cost reduction is unit erection in the basin or on the ways This requires all units to be complete and accurately assembled in order to eliminate costly rework during and after erection To achieve this high degree of unit accuracy, we have begun a pilot dimensional control program that has set the guidelines for systematically monitoring each stage of the production process prior to erection Through the collection and analysis of data, we can take steps to control each process and insure that we are achieving our desired degree of accuracy The cumulative effects of "fine tuning" each individual work process will ultimately lead to improvement in the dimensional accuracy of our completed units

Creep resistant cold-rolled and annealed steel sheet and strip

Abstract: A cold-rolled, annealed and coated steel sheet or strip characterized by (1) a high degree of creep resistance, as measured by excellent performance in a sag deflection test when subjected to temperatures up to 1500° F. for times in excess of 100 hours, and (2) a composition consisting essentially of, by weight %: ______________________________________ Carbon 0.05-0.15 Manganese 0.50 max. Phosphorus 0.04-0.15 Sulfur 0.03 max. Silicon 0.10 max. Aluminum 0.08 max. Titanium 0.20-0.50 Iron balance*______________________________________ *except for the inclusion of normal impurities such as Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, N, O

Method of quenching hot strip mill product

Abstract: A method of improving the quenched metallurgical qualities of a hot strip mill product quenched with recycled industrial water. The improvement is achieved by coating the throat plates of the quenching station with an oil and grease repellant compound to thereby provide a continuous curtain of such water impacting against the surface of said hot strip mill product.

Fluid conduit coupling for a metallurgical converter trunnion

Abstract: A coupling for fluid conduits contained in a hollow trunnion of a basic oxygen furnace. The coupling is used to connect a plurality of fluid supply conduits to a plurality of fluid distribution conduits in the basic oxygen furnace.

Improving the Galvanic Properties of Zinc-Rich Organic Coatings by Corona Discharge Treatment

Abstract: Les resultats experimentaux montrent qu'un traitement par decharge couronne augmente de facon importante la conductivite du revetement et l'activite galvanique

Quantitative Microanalysis of Fine Precipitates in Microalloyed Steels

Abstract: Matrix and grain boundary precipitation in austenite has been studied in two Nb/V microalloyed steels with different V levels, which were given a number of different heat treatments after hot deformation The steel with a higher V level was found to have a greater number of fine carbonitride precipitates in the matrix In both steels, the precipitates became more Nb-rich as the aging temperature was increased from 854°C to 1066°C For a given steel and heat treatment, the matrix precipitates were generally more Nb-rich than the grain boundary precipitates