Showing papers by "Charité published in 1992"
TL;DR: Cytogenetic studies were performed on 90 human gliomas including 26 astrocytomas, 12 oligodendrogliomas, three oligo-astrocyTomas, seven ependymomas, eight pilocytic astro Cytogenetically determined chromosomal breakpoints were located on 45 different sites.
141 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Standards allow T lymphocyte abnormalities to be used more effectively as markers for disease progression and assist in the clinical follow up of human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected children and provide a basis for initiating antiretroviral treatment or antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Abstract: The T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 459 uninfected children born to white human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected women included in the European Collaborative Study were measured at regular intervals from birth. More than 2400 observations were used to create smooth age-related reference ranges for CD4 and CD8 counts and percentages, CD4:CD8 ratio and absolute lymphocyte count. Standards are presented for children up to 4 years of age. CD4, CD8 and absolute lymphocyte count rose after birth, peaked at around 6 to 9 months of age and then declined toward adult values. CD4 percentage and CD4:CD8 ratio declined steadily from birth onwards. Centile lines for CD4 count and CD4:CD8 ratio converged markedly with age. For the CD4 values, only 3 to 5% of the variation was attributable to differences between the 10 participating centers. These standards allow T lymphocyte abnormalities to be used more effectively as markers for disease progression and assist in the clinical follow up of human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected children. They also provide a basis for initiating antiretroviral treatment or antimicrobial prophylaxis.
102 citations
TL;DR: The main purpose of as discussed by the authors is to provide a graph-theoretical characterization of this family of games whose associated hypergraphs we call strongly balanced: they show that the strong balancedness condition is equivalent to thenormality of the hypergraph.
Abstract: Kaneko/Wooders (1982) derived a list of necessary and sufficient conditions for a partitioning game to have a nonempty core regardless of the payoff functions of its effective coalitions. The main purpose of our paper is to provide a graph-theoretical characterization of this family of games whose associated hypergraphs we callstrongly balanced: we show that the strong balancedness condition is equivalent to thenormality of the hypergraph, which is a type ofcoloring property (Lovasz (1972)). We also study interesting economic examples ofcommunication andassignment games and provide direct proofs that their associated hypergraphs are strongly balanced.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this article, linear regression methods based on control variates are used to improve the efficiency with which certain features of the distributions of estimators and test statistics are estimated in Monte Carlo experiments.
36 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that intracochlear oxygenation plays an important role in inner ear physiology during acoustic stimulation, and not just after acoustic overstimulation.
35 citations
TL;DR: A double-blind comparative study of propranolol and diazepam shows that both drugs at the dosages used are equipotent in reducing physical withdrawal symptoms and anxiety symptoms, suggesting that different neurobiological mechanisms underlie the alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
31 citations
TL;DR: A Gag protein segment of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has been fused to a C terminally truncated core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBcAg) using anE.
Abstract: A Gag protein segment of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has been fused to a C terminally truncated core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBcAg) using an E. coli expression system. Fusion of 90 amino acids of HIV-1 Gag protein to HBcAg still allowed the formation of capsids presenting on their surface epitopes of HIV-1 core protein, whereas fusion of 317, 189, or 100 amino acids of Gag prevented self-assembly of chimeric particles. Mice immunized with recombinant particles emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) or aluminium hydroxide developed high anti-HBcAg titers. However, anti-HIVp24 antibodies were detected only in mice inoculated with immunogen emulsified with CFA.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated two subrelations of a domination relation which is the classical collective relation in voting games and obtained very general existence theorems for Gillies' subrelation and Miller's subrelation.
Abstract: In this paper, we have investigated two subrelations of a domination relation which is the classical collective relation in voting games. These two subrelations, due to Gillies and Miller, have some nice properties; in particular, they are transitive. From these subrelations one can define obvious solution concepts by taking their maximal elements. If the set of social states is infinite, however, the existence of maximal elements is far from obvious, due to the lack of continuity. We have assumed that the set of social states was a compact metric space. We have adopted a measure-theoretic analysis. In the case of Gillies' subrelation, we have obtained very general existence theorems. In the case of Miller's subrelation the uncovered set, though our theorem is still more general than what can be found in the literature, it is still far from being at the same level of generality.
22 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The clinical importance of understanding the mechanisms of catagen induction is delineated and an immunological mechanism of catogen induction is proposed and proposed to improve the still frustrating management of hair diseases.
Abstract: The hair follicle is not only a clinically and commercially important tissue, but can also serve as a fascinating model for studying epithelial-mesenchymal-neuroectodermal interactions. Recently, this has led to a renaissance of hair research, which this speculative review attempts to outline. The unanswered key questions in hair biology are defined before we focus on the crucial search for the "biological clock" that governs the hair cycle. Specifically, we delineate the clinical importance of understanding the mechanisms of catagen induction and propose an immunological mechanism of catagen induction. New research trends are discussed against the background of their potential significance for improving the still frustrating management of hair diseases.
17 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The failure rates, the number of patients who required surgery and the occurrence of large and sometimes symptomatic calcifications make triamcinolone nucleorthesis unacceptable compared with the recognized percentages of success with papain nucleolysis and surgical operations.
Abstract: Sciatica caused by intervertebral disc herniation can be treated with intradiscal injection of chymopapain. A search for a cheaper and less allergizing product led to triamcinolone hexacetonide, this procedure being known as "nucleorthesis". The first results at 6 months were encouraging. In 3 centres where triamcinolone hexacetonide was tested with a more than 2 years' follow-up 92 patients could be evaluated. The results obtained were considered satisfactory in 34 patients (36.9 percent), but they were poor in 19 patients (20.6 percent), and 39 patients (42 percent) had to be operated upon within 2 years. Return to surgery took place within the 6 months following nucleorthesis in 18 patients (19.56 percent) and beyond this period in 17 patients (22.8 percent) with degradation of the results. Moreover, calcifications were found in 19 out of 38 patients; they were of varying size, sometimes detected only at computerized tomography, and some of them appeared to produce symptoms. All considered, the failure rates, the number of patients who required surgery and the occurrence of large and sometimes symptomatic calcifications make triamcinolone nucleorthesis unacceptable compared with the recognized percentages of success with papain nucleolysis and surgical operations. For these reasons, we consider that this treatment should be abandoned.
15 citations
TL;DR: Antigenic analysis of the haemagglutinin and matrix protein with corresponding sets of monoclonal antibodies as well as sequence analysis of HA-, M-, and NS-genes revealed close genetic relatedness between the oldest known influenza A virus and two FPV strains of H7 subtype.
Abstract: Antigenic analysis of the haemagglutinin and matrix protein with corresponding sets of monoclonal antibodies as well as sequence analysis of HA-, M-, and NS-genes were carried out to establish antigenic and genetic relationships between four fowl plague virus (FPV) strains of H7 subtype. The data obtained revealed close genetic relatedness between the oldest known influenza A virus, A/chicken/Brescia/1902 (H7N7), and two FPV strains, A/FPV/Dobson (H7N7) and A/FPV/Weybridge (H7N7). These three strains apparently differ in all genes investigated from the A/FPV/Rostock isolate.
TL;DR: The technical conditions of recording and evaluation as well as the available systems are presented, the topics of the seminars which are postulated by the KBV for ambulant apnoea diagnostics are formulated.
Abstract: Recent data of prevalence suggest a total of more than 400000 patients presenting with a severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in the Federal Republic. Their ambulant diagnosis has been made possible trough two new items in the GOA, published in the Deutsche Arzteblatt 1991. According to this and a first paper on “Recommendations for diagnostics, therapy and long term management of patients with sleep apnoea (Medizinische Klinik 86: 46-50, 1991) the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Klinischer Schlafzentren (German Sleep Centre Work Team) has elaborated recommendations for the ambulant diagnostics of sleep apnoea. Indications to such diagnosis are loud and irregular snoring, overweight, hypertonia and day-time sleepiness. The following stepwise concept of diagnostics is recommended: 1. questionnaire, 2. medical investigation including a sleep-wakehistory, 3. ambulant investigation using a system which allows the continuous registration of breathing, arterial O2-saturation, heart rate and other variables. In case of pathological results patients at risk have to be referred to a sleep laboratory, others can remain under ambulant care including information about overweight and alcohol as well as therapy of additional diseases. 4. cases which remain unsolved have to be examined in the sleep laboratory. Nasal CPAP-therapy and other forms of apparative ventilation have to be started in the sleep lab, routine controls may be done under ambulant conditions. The technical conditions of recording and evaluation as well as the available systems are presented, the topics of the seminars which are postulated by the KBV for ambulant apnoea diagnostics are formulated. Nach neueren Pravalenzdaten ist in der Bundesrepublik von mehr als 400 000 Patienten mit einem ausgepragten obstruktiven Schlafapnoesyndrom auszugehen. Zu ihrer Diagnostik gibt es zwei neue ambulante Abrechnungsziffern, die 1991 im Deutschen Arzteblatt veroffentlicht wurden. Vor diesem Hintergrund und dem einer ersten Arbeit „Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik, Therapie und Langzeitbetreuung von Patienten mit Schlafapnoe” (Medizinische Klinik 88:46-50, 1991) hat die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Klinischer Schlafzentren (AKS) Empfehlungen zur ambulanten Diagnostik der Schlafapnoe erarbeitet. Als Indikation gilt die Kombination von lautem und unregelmasigem Schnarchen, Ubergewicht, Bluthochdruck und Tagesschlafrigkeit. Als Stufenkonzept der Diagnostik wird vorgeschlagen: 1. Fragebogen, 2. klinische Untersuchung mit spezieller Schlaf-Wach-Anamnese, 3. ambulante Untersuchung mit einem System zur kontinuierlichen Registrierung von Atmung, Sauerstoffgehalt des Blutes, Herzfrequenz und anderen frei wahlbaren Parametern. Bei pathologischem Befund sind Risikopatienten in ein Schlaflabor einzuweisen, andere konnen mit Beratung zu Alkoholkarenz, Gewichtsabnahme und Therapie begleitender Erkrankungen ambulant weiter betreut werden. 4. Weiterhin unklare Falle werden im Schlaflabor untersucht. Eine nasale CPAP-Therapie bzw. andere Beatmungsformen werden im Schlaflabor eingeleitet, Routinekontrollen konnen ambulant durchgefuhrt werden. Die technischen Voraussetzungen fur Aufzeichnung, Wiedergabe und Auswertung werden samt den derzeit verfugbaren Systemen detailliert aufgefuhrt, ebenso der Gegenstandskatalog zu der von der KBV vorgeschriebenen Weiterbildung in der ambulanten Diagnostik der Schlafapnoe.
TL;DR: This is the first report of successful autotransplantation of the heart for ventricular tachyarrhythmias caused by the long QT syndrome.
TL;DR: Recombinant Nef protein frequently reacted with seropositive sera of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected patients and Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that Nef is present both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, indicating thatNef might directly function on gene expression.
Abstract: Thenef gene of HIV-1 was expressed in insect cells using the eucaryotic baculovirus system. The recombinant Nef protein frequently reacted with seropositive sera of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected patients. Anti-Nef antibodies in HIV-1 seronegative high risk groups individuals were only occasionally seen. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that Nef is present both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, indicating that Nef might directly function on gene expression.
TL;DR: The data suggest an indirect role of 15-LOX in the atherogenesis in aortas as well as the role of human LDL with pure 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) of rabbit reticulocytes in this case.
Abstract: The oxygenated lipids of human aortas with atherosclerotic lesions were analysed by RP-, SP- and Chiral Phase-HPLC and compared with those obtained after treatment of human LDL with pure 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) of rabbit reticulocytes. The data suggest an indirect role of 15-LOX in the atherogenesis in aortas.
TL;DR: A longitudinal study of 39 casts of pre-operative orthodontically treated unilateral cleft lip and palate children from birth to palate operation was carried out with a special coordinate measuring technique to quantify changes in the maxilla, finding a significant reduction in width.
Abstract: A longitudinal study of 39 casts of pre-operative orthodontically treated unilateral cleft lip and palate children from birth to palate operation was carried out with a special coordinate measuring technique to quantify changes in the maxilla. A significant reduction in width of the alveolar cleft was found. The anterior alveolar arch width remained constant, while the posterior region slightly increased. These results seem to justify treatment with the infant appliance. After measuring casts from 39 preoperatively treated and casts from 62 untreated patients prior to lip operation, a comparison of the mathematical average values between the two groups revealed few differences. This can be explained by referring to the original morphological findings and the different measurements during the preoperative orthodontic treatment, which lead to different changes in segment position prior to lip operation. In a cross section examination this difference could not be found. A sub-classification of the subject matter in primary and secondary clefts revealed that between both types clear differences in the resulting parameters can be observed. This leaves the question, whether the width of the cleft palate is caused by tissue deficiency or by an embedded tongue. Furthermore, how will the orthodontic appliance therapy influence the growth? A greater dislocation of the segments in secondary clefts may be expected in cases where the rest position of the tongue appears caudal. Improved measuring methods to record cleft morphology and more emphasis on the study of soft tissue reactions may help to understand the differing results after preoperative or orthodontic treatment.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The examination shows that fine and/or big dysfunctions of motor activity which often co-occur the writer's cramp are important criteria for differential diagnosis and indications.
Abstract: As there is a variety of psychic and somatic variables in its genesis, the writer's cramp could be a syndrome of different subtypes. Therefore 62 former psychotherapy-patients with writer's cramp were examined according to a design of several dimensions in order to find out if there were any subtypes. The parts of the examination were exploration, structural interview, neurological examination, psychological examination of the personality, examination of some electrolytes in serum and radiograph of neck spinal column. Different multivariate statistical methods isolated two subtypes of patients with writer's cramp. The first group comprises patients with fine and/or big dysfunctions of motor activity, the symptoms are independent of psychic factors or of psychotherapy. The second group is characterized of a monosymtomatic writer's cramp, of a neurosis and of remissions of motoric symptoms following psychotherapy. The examination shows that fine and/or big dysfunctions of motor activity which often co-occur the writer's cramp are important criteria for differential diagnosis and indications.
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: The literature on mechanism design under incomplete information as mentioned in this paper addresses the question of how to ensure proper revelation of these private informations, and how to design incentive mechanisms to guarantee proper revelation.
Abstract: Whenever information is decentralized, efficient collective decisions have to rely on the pieces of information that each individual privately controls. Incentives have to be provided to guarantee proper revelation of these private informations. The literature on mechanism design under incomplete information addresses the question.1
TL;DR: Die Langzeitverordnung von sogenannten schwachen Analgetika, die in ihren Nebenwirkungen manchmal doch “stark” sind, wird beim multimorbiden schmerzkranken Patienten schwer kalkulierbar riskant.
Abstract: Zu den Nicht-Opioid-Analgetika rechnet man im allgemeinen die Vertreter dreier Gruppen von Analgetika: die Salicylate, die Pyrazolone und die Anilinderivate. Der weiteren Abgrenzung dieser Klasse dienen im wesentlichen zwei weitere Hauptwirkungen, die antipyretische und die antiphlogistische, die oft auch in die Bezeichnung einfliesen, z. B. antipyretische Analgetika. Da diese Analgetika bei gelegentlichem Gebrauch bei akuten Schmerzen neben einer zuverlassigen und raschen Wirksamkeit kaum fasbare Nebenwirkungen offenbaren, werden sie oft auch rezeptfrei in den Apotheken abgegeben. Fur den Einsatz in der Therapie chronischer Schmerzen sind jedoch nicht alle zur Verfugung stehenden Analgetika der Nicht-Opioid-Kategorie gleichermasen geeignet. Zusatzlich verlangen pharmakokinetische Besonderheiten (Resorptions-und Eliminationsschwankungen) eine uberlegte Verordnungsweise. Unter der Vielzahl der nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika finden sich die analgetischen Wirkungen meist als Folge der antiphologistischen und nicht als analgetische per se. So ist fur die Praxis zu schlusfolgern, das eine indikationsgerechte Verordnung von Medikamenten mit analgetischen Wirkungen an den Hauptwirkungen orientiert sein mus. Schlieslich wird die Gabe von Analgetika auch bestimmt durch die Auspragung des Nebenwirkungsprofils. Vor allem die Interaktionen mit anderen Pharmaka, die bei chronischen Prozessen oft eine immense Bedeutung aufweisen, mussen in diesem Zusammenhang berucksichtigt werden. Ein vernunftiges Nutzen-Risiko-Verhaltnis zu wahren, ist naturlich. Aufgabe des praktizierenden Arztes. Es mangelt jedoch an zuverlassigen Statistiken, die der Einschatzung des tatsachlichen Risikos dienlich sein konnten. Besonders die Langzeitverordnung von sogenannten schwachen Analgetika, die in ihren Nebenwirkungen manchmal doch “stark” sind, wird beim multimorbiden schmerzkranken Patienten schwer kalkulierbar riskant. Eine wissenschaftliche Verordnungsweise kann sich nur auf die kontinuierliche individuelle Abwagung des Nutzen-Risiko-Verhaltnisses stutzen.
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Tests were aimed at finding a method to determine the effect of irradiation on a tumor in vivo at the beginning of treatment, and found no significant changes in GPI activity in the serum over a period of 24 h, and only higher mean values and greater dispersion were noted.
Abstract: Quick evaluation of the efficacy of irradiation treatment still presents problems; this is especially the case with radiosensitizers, combined irradiation and chemotherapy, hyperthermia, hyperfractionation, and radiation with a high linear energy transfer. Our tests were aimed at finding a method to determine the effect of irradiation on a tumor in vivo at the beginning of treatment. We sought to detect the oncoradiogenic enzyme peak of aldolase [2], i.e., an increase in the serum enzyme level 16–19 h after initial irradiation of patients with bronchial or esophageal carcinoma; we examined the activity of glucose6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; EC 5.3.1.9), an enzyme better suited for clinical laboratory routine, in patients with tumors of various localizations. The enzyme GPI, found in the cytoplasm, is omnipresent in nature and is also contained in human tissue in varying concentrations. Enzyme activity is particularly high in muscular and hepatic tissue and in malignant tumors. The normal range of serum enzyme activity is 0.3–3.0 μoll−1 s−1. Prior to the examination proper, the activity of GPI and creatine kinase (CK) in the serum of 16 healthy subjects was measured at hourly intervals over a period of 24 h. No pathological enzyme activity or significant changes in enzyme activity were observed throughout this period, and preanalytical factors such as food intake or physical activity were found to have no effect. The test was repeated in six patients with malignant tumors; also in this group we found no significant changes in GPI activity in the serum over a period of 24 h, and only higher mean values and greater dispersion were noted.