Cochlear Limited

About: Cochlear Limited is a company organization based out in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cochlear implant & Hearing loss. The organization has 1290 authors who have published 1479 publications receiving 33109 citations. The organization is also known as: кохлеарные Americas & COCHLEAR LIMITED.

The Clinical Uses of Electrocochleography

Abstract: The clinical uses of electrocochleography are reviewed with some technical notes on the apparatus needed to get clear recordings under different conditions Electrocochleography can be used to estimate auditory thresholds in difficult to test children and a golf club electrode is described The same electrode can be used to obtain electrical auditory brainstem responses Diagnostic testing in the clinic can be performed with a transtympanic needle electrode, and a suitable disposable monopolar electrode is described The use of tone bursts rather than click stimuli gives a better means of diagnosis of the presence of endolymphatic hydrops Electrocochleography can be used to monitor the cochlear function during surgery and a long coaxial cable, which can be sterilised, is needed to avoid electrical artefacts Recently electrocochleography has been used to monitor cochlear implant insertion and to record residual hearing using the electrodes on the cochlear implant array as the non-inverting (active) electrode

Safety and functional results of early cochlear implant switch-on in children.

Abstract: Objective To assess the safety and the possible advantages of early (1-wk) cochlear implant switch-on in children and to compare impedance and ECAP threshold changes between subjects undergoing early switch-on and those undergoing traditional, 1-month switch-on. Study design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care referral pediatric center. Patients Seventeen children receiving a unilateral or bilateral Nucleus Freedom cochlear implant were included, for a total of 20 ears. Ten ears were assigned to the early (1-wk) switch-on group and 10 to the control group (switch-on after 4 wks). Interventions Common ground impedance values and electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds were measured from intraoperation until 9 months postoperatively. Speech perception improvements over time were also assessed. Main outcome measures Complication rate, impedance levels (kΩ), and electrically evoked compound action potentials (current levels) Results Early switch-on was well tolerated by patients and did not cause complications. Impedances dropped significantly after switch-on in both groups. They also seemed to achieve an earlier stability in the early switch-on patients, although the difference between groups was not significant. ECAP thresholds showed a similar, nonsignificant decreasing trend over time in both groups. Speech perception improvements did not differ between groups. Conclusion This is the first study investigating the safety and the effects of an early cochlear implant switch-on in children. Results show that such a procedure is well tolerated by pediatric subjects and free from complications. Impedance measurements suggest that the earlier switched-on subjects benefit of lower and more stable impedances than subjects undergoing 1-month switch-on.

Comparing auditory perception and speech production outcomes: Non-language specific assessment of auditory perception and speech production in children with cochlear implants

Abstract: Language-independent assessment tools evaluate the progress of children who receive a cochlear implant, allowing large pooling of data for better access to insurers and other health care professionals. One hundred and seventeen children from centres in the United Kingdom, Iran and Turkey were assessed on two measures over a five-year test interval. There is a significant improvement over time for the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) measures. There was a significant difference between scores for different language groups: accounted for by the differences in age at implantation. There was a significant effect of age at implantation up to three years of device use. There were high correlations between the CAP and SIR scores. A longer duration of deafness resulted in a higher score for both scales; however, there was no relationship when correlated for age. Finally, the CAP pre-operative score allows us to predict the post-operative SIR scores. The scal...

Sophono in Pediatric Patients: The Experience of an Italian Tertiary Care Center

Abstract: ObjectiveSince 2011, a transcutaneous bone-anchored auditory implant (Sophono) has been available for patients affected by bilateral, conductive hearing loss that cannot be corrected by surgery. To date, very few cases of device application in the pediatric population have been described. The aim of the present study is to report on complications, functional outcome, and health-related quality of life of the first pediatric cases in Italy.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary care pediatric center.Subjects and MethodsOf 25 candidates with bilateral, conductive hearing loss screened between January 2012 and July 2013, 6 were included in the study (3 male and 3 female; median age, 9 years; age range, 5-17 years). Data concerning surgery, complications, functional outcome, and health-related quality of life were gathered prospectively.ResultsNo major intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperative complications included 1 patient developing a skin ulceration below the exte...

The Evolution and Development of Middle Ears in Land Vertebrates

Abstract: New fossil evidence and supporting data from embryological studies have helped to consolidate interpretations of the structures that assemble the middle ear apparatus of different lineages of land vertebrates. The middle ears of modern land vertebrate groups evolved independently of one another during the Triassic era of the Mesozoic. Thus, two dogmata have fallen: (1) The tympanic middle ear is not a monophyletic development, i.e., the eardrum-bearing middle ears of modern land vertebrates are not descended from one common ancestral type. (2) The mammalian middle ear did not emerge by the addition of two more ossicles to an existing, one-ossicle middle ear because mammalian ancestors, like all other vertebrate lineages of late Permian–early Triassic times, lacked a tympanic middle ear. Whereas most lineages evolved a single-ossicle system, mammals developed a three-ossicle system. This difference is due to mammals simultaneously evolving a secondary jaw joint, a process that freed up small bones at the rear of the jaw that became incorporated into the middle ear. Functionally, there are only small differences between the resulting two types of middle ear. Because all middle ear systems were constructed from preexisting components of the skull that subserved other functions, there are striking similarities in the embryological origins and the developmental pathways of all land vertebrate middle ears and homologous, ancestral jaw components.