Showing papers by "DePaul University published in 1975"

Frustration and the production of schedule-induced polydipsia

Abstract: In two experiments, the hypothesis that frustration mediates the production of schedule-induced polydipsia was tested. In Experiment I, a group in which reward was reduced from 6 to 2 pellets of food in an operant chamber was found to increase water intake compared to a group maintained at 2 pellets reward. In Experiment II, rats trained to approach food on a partial reinforcement schedule in a runway subsequently showed lower levels of water intake in the operant test for polydipsia than rats given continuous reinforcement during runway training. The results are interpreted as supporting a frustration hypothesis of schedule-induced polydipsia and are discussed within the context of persistence theory.

The Indication of Sexual and Aggressive Similarities through Humor Appreciation

Abstract: Summary Freudian theory and subsequent research indicate a connection between sexual and aggressive motivation. The present study investigated this proposed connection by examining humor preferences during an induced aggressive mood. Appreciation of neutral, sexual, and aggressive humor was examined under conditions of aggression arousal. A total of 90 male and 90 female university students participated in one of two 2 × 3 factorial designs that crossed arousal with humor type. Ss in arousal conditions rated all humor as funnier than Ss in neutral conditions, and sexual humor was rated as being funniest. Males and females showed complex significant differences in humor preferences.

The effect of hippocampal lesions on the development and extinction of a learned taste aversion for a novel food

Abstract: The effect of hippocampal lesions on the inhibition of eating was examined within a learned taste aversion paradigm. Rats with hippocampal lesions were tested on their ability to refrain from eating a novel tasting food that had been paired with the internal malaise produced by a.15-M IP injection of lithium chloride. The results showed that the rats with hippocampal lesions did not differ from normal rats on either the development or extinction of the aversion. These results extend previous findings which show that bilateral hippocampal lesions do not interfere with the normal modulation of consummatory behaviors.

The Computer, Personal Selling, and Sales Management:

Abstract: SEVERAL years ago an article entitled "The Salesman Isn't De d, He's Different" was published.' It is now the sales manager's turn-he is not expendable, but he must become more sophisticated. He must learn to participate not only in the development, but also in the application, of new technology. The aggressive, knowledgeable sales manager must prepare now for what he soon will be required to do. One important aspect of that preparation must be a thorough knowledge of, and familiarity with, computer technology and the integration of the computer into his regular activities. The purpose of this article is to review published reports of the integration of the computer into sales management planning, organizing, and control activities. This is done: (1) to demonstrate the logical, but not necessarily inevitable, progression of a firm from simple computer-based data collection and manipulation into model building; and (2) to point out when and under what circumstances a particular system is useful to a sales manager. This latter objective is especially important since complex computer-based systems are frequently touted as the "answer" to the sales manager's problems. Often these computer-based systems are not necessary and a less complex system will suffice, or a simple system must be instituted and operated successfully before a more complex system can be installed. To facilitate the review, a categorization method is suggested that divides the literature on computer applications in sales management into two general areas: (1) sales reporting and analysis systems, and (2) planning-oriented systems. Sales Reporting and Analysis Systems

Martin Heidegger as a Phenomenologist

Abstract: Edmund Husserl once exclaimed: “Phenomenology, that is Heidegger and me.”1 Yet, this exuberant spirit of co-operation came to a sudden end as soon as Husserl discovered that Heidegger, instead of bracketing Being, had bracketed Husserl. Although from the very beginning Heidegger had accepted the leitmotiv of Husserl’s phenomenology “Zu den Sachen selbst” (To the things themselves), he took the liberty of interpreting and developing phenomenology in his own way, which resulted in a total rejection of the transcendental subjectivism of Husserl.

Evanescent fields in physics and their interpretations in terms of flowgraphs

Abstract: Evanescent waves and fields play an important role in microwaves, quantum mechanics, optics and elastic waves. Because electromagnetic waves in waveguides have dispersion characteristics similar to those of a unidimensional de Broglie wave, there is a close analogy between quantum mechanical tunneling and the transition through an attenuating sector of a waveguide. Microwave “evanescent mode” filters, quantummechanical tunneling resonance and optical frustrated total internal reflection filters are compared in light of this analogy. The flowgraph technique and “unit real” function representation are shown to be effective in discussing the interdependence of incident and reflected waves in various locations in multilayered structures. In electrognetic and elastic waves, the role of evanescent waves is significant in the case of incident beams of limited extent. The role of equivalent circuits of transverse resonance is discussed in the context of oscillatory natural modes determining the character of propagating fields.

Psychological dynamics and self-perceptions of vasectomy candidates.

Abstract: Growing concern with population control has focused attention on various methods of contraception including vasectomy. Psychological research on this topic is scant, however. In this study, 9 vasectomy candidates who were undergoing the operation were compared to 9 husbands whose wives were about to have a tubal ligation. Their responses on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Adjective Check List were compared. Most of the data showed no significant differences except on one scale of Counseling Readiness. The results, and others, indicate that vasectomy candidates may have a tendency to deny the anxiety connected with the operation due to its irreversible nature.

Effects of Desalivation on Schedule-Induced Polydipsia in the Rat.

Abstract: The development and magnitude of schedule-induced polydipisa (SIP) were examined in desalivate and control rats in two experiments. In Experiment 1 animals were placed on a noncontingent fixed time (FT) 60-sec schedule for 24 days. Results indicate speeded development but asymptotically lower levels of SIP in desalivate rats compared to controls. Home cage consumption, however, was elevated in desalivate rats. In Experiment 2 schedule length, pellet size, and the percentage of body weight were manipulated. Desalivate rats consumed less fluid during each schedule condition relative to controls, but the pattern of results across schedules was similar to controls. It was concluded that (a) desalivation attenuates SIP; (b) SIP is a learned phenomenon; (c) dry mouth theories of SIP appear inadequate; and (d) the developmental aspect of the SIP phenomenon deserves additional research attention.

Limbic lesions and consummatory behavior in the rat

Abstract: The consummatory behavior of normal rats and rats with lesions of the hippocampus, neocortex, entorhinal cortex or transections of the fornix was compared during 3 days of ad-lib feeding. The results showed that none of the groups differed on the mean amount of food or water consumed. However, the rats with lesions of the hippocampus dropped a significantly larger portion of their food ration through the wire mesh floors of the cages. The results are discussed in terms of a possible confounding which could occur when rats with hippocampal lesions are maintained on fixed rations of food and housed in wire mesh cages.

Clinical and Bacteriological Response of Newborn Infants to Amikacin

Abstract: Fifteen infants (aged 2-21 days at onset of infection) were treated with a new semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, amikacin, in a daily dose of between 126 and 350 mg depending on weight. The causative organism in the majority of cases was E coli and the most common sites from which it was isolated were the nasal and umbilical regions. Fourteen of the infants were cured and no systemic or local reactions to the treatment were observed.

In Vitro Regulation of the Immune Response by Cyclic AMP and a Thymic Extract

Abstract: An experimental system has been developed to study the regulation of immune responses by a thymic factor and cyclic AMP. The system employed is a rat spleen cell culture prepared on day 3 after injecting the animals with sheep red blood cells. Antibody production is measured as a function of plaque forming cell numbers and hemagglutination titers. Studies of kinetics of antibody formation in this system indicate that peak production occurs on day 4 to day 5 after antigen administration. Addition of cyclic AMP and a thymic factor at the start of the culture results in an enhancement of antibody production during the peak period. Results of this study indicate that antibody production of the IgM class is regulated in vitro by a thymic factor and 10−5M cyclic AMP. Regulation of the immune response by a thymic factor and cyclic AMP may result in increased conversion of precursor B-cells to antibody forming cells.

The Law of Initial Values (Liv) and Personality

Abstract: Wilder's Law of Initial Values (LIV) is described and carried through to Pavlov's theory of excitation-inhibition of the CNS, then to Eysenck's personality theory of introversion-extraversion. LIV-derived inferences of two-whiskered curvilinearity are developed with respect to measurement of introversion-extraversion and adjustment.

Effect of error-contingent time-out on spaced responding in rats

Abstract: Under DRL 20- and 30-sec, rats’ leverpresses with interresponse times shorter than the minimum interresponse time required for reinforcement produced a 15- or 60-sec time-out. The only systematic effect of the time-out procedure was to suppress responses with interresponse times shorter than 2 sec, suggesting that time-out functioned as stimulus feedback for a response. The effect of time-out was interpreted in terms of the dissimilarity between the operant and the consummatory response.