Showing papers by "DePaul University published in 1990"

Emerging Structures in Entrepreneurship Education: Curricular Designs and Strategies

Abstract: Analyzes the history of entrepreneurship education and presents frameworks for the development of entrepreneurship education courses and programs. In evaluating whether entrepreneurship has become an established discipline, the following areas are considered: systematic theory and an established body of literature; authority, professional associations, and communication sanction; ethical codes and culture; and career opportunities for graduates. At the time of this study, there were at least 12 academic journals and 20 annual conferences focused on entrepreneurship. In addition career opportunities included positions with newly established firms or as entrepreneurial executives with established firms. While entrepreneurship was recognized as a discipline and a career, business and management education was slow to react. Entrepreneurship education has developed along two dimensions: the absolute number of entrepreneurship courses and the degree of integration of the entrepreneurship courses. Using these dimensions, two frameworks are presented. The first framework, a matrix of these two dimensions, identifies four optimal combinations. The second framework is built upon two paths: stages of transition in a firm and a functional approach. As entrepreneurship programs are developed, multiple alternative structures and learning mechanisms are needed to meet the needs of a variety of individuals. (SRD)

Restricting the field of view: perceptual and performance effects.

Abstract: Visual perception involves both the high acuity of foveal vision and the wide scope of overlapping peripheral information. The role of peripheral vision in competent performance of the adult visuomotor activities of walking, reaching, and forming a cognitive map of a room was examined using goggles which limited the scope of the normal field of view to 9 degrees, 14 degrees, 22 degrees, or 60 degrees. Each restriction of peripheral field information resulted in some perceptual and performance decrements, with the 9 degrees and 14 degrees restriction producing the most disturbance. In addition, bodily discomfort, dizziness, unsteadiness and disorientation, were reported as the subjects moved around with restricted fields of view.

Critical Theory and Beyond: Further Perspectives on Emancipatory Education.

Abstract: Although emancipatory education and a critical theory of education are only rarely addressed in adult education, they provide rich opportunities for discussing primary issues of adult education. Th...

Emerging Structures in Entrepreneurship Education: Curricular Designs and Strategies:

Abstract: Analyzes the history of entrepreneurship education and presents frameworks for the development of entrepreneurship education courses and programs. In evaluating whether entrepreneurship has become an established discipline, the following areas are considered: systematic theory and an established body of literature; authority, professional associations, and communication sanction; ethical codes and culture; and career opportunities for graduates. At the time of this study, there were at least 12 academic journals and 20 annual conferences focused on entrepreneurship. In addition career opportunities included positions with newly established firms or as entrepreneurial executives with established firms. While entrepreneurship was recognized as a discipline and a career, business and management education was slow to react. Entrepreneurship education has developed along two dimensions: the absolute number of entrepreneurship courses and the degree of integration of the entrepreneurship courses. Using these dimensions, two frameworks are presented. The first framework, a matrix of these two dimensions, identifies four optimal combinations. The second framework is built upon two paths: stages of transition in a firm and a functional approach. As entrepreneurship programs are developed, multiple alternative structures and learning mechanisms are needed to meet the needs of a variety of individuals. (SRD)

Worry changes decisionf making: The effect of negative thoughts on cognitive processing

Abstract: The present studies demonstrate that daily worry level is predictive of cognitive processing differences and that these differences are an effect of negative thoughts. In Study 1, worriers (those who reported 50% or greater daily worry) and non-worriers performed a categorization task. The groups did not differ when the stimulus was a clear member or non-member of the category. Worriers showed a significant disruption in processing as the ambiguity of the category membership increased. Study 2 demonstrated that the disruption arose as a result of increased levels of negative thoughts. Worriers and non-worriers were assigned to two conditions, either O-worry ("Relax and let your mind wander for 15 minutes") or 15-worry ("Worry as you typically would for 15 minutes"). Non-worriers evidenced the same disruptive effects in the 15-worry condition as worriers in that condition and worriers in Study 1. Similarly, worriers in the O-worry condition showed a reduction in disruptive effects. The findings are taken as indicating that worry is accompanied by changes in cognitive processing and that these changes are similar for worriers and non-worriers.

Intimacy in Same-Sex Friendships

Abstract: Three studies were conducted to evaluate the significance of the finding that females are more disclosing in their same-sex friendships than are males. No support was found for the suggestion that males feel just as close to their same-sex friends as do females. However, there was support for a developmental contention that during adolescence both sexes expect to become more disclosing in their other-sex friendships in adulthood, and that the spousal relationship should be the most intimate. Further, both sexes, whether in the United States or Hungary, believe females are more disclosing of their feelings and problems than are males. Although males do seem to wish to be more disclosing, they expect to be more open mainly in other-sex friendships. The majority of adults profess little concern about disclosure in same-sex friendships, but women report feeling more at ease in relating to other women than to men.

Teaching business ethics: Questioning the assumptions, seeking new directions

Abstract: An examination of leading textbooks suggests the predominance of a principle-based model in the teaching of business ethics. The model assumes that by teaching students the rudiments of ethical reasoning and ethical theory, we can hope to create rational, independent, autonomous managers who will apply such theory to the many quandary situations of the corporate world. This paper challenges these assumptions by asking the following questions: 1. Is the acquisition of principle-based ethical theory unproblematic? 2. What is the transferability of classroom learning to the business context? 3. Is it appropriate to consider complementary models in the teaching of business ethics? The last question is approached from the perspective of virtues-based ethics, from the insights of feminist ethics, and from a culturally grounded orientation to moral values and norms.

Teamwork in planning innovative projects: improving group performance by rational and interpersonal interventions in group process

Abstract: Management research has suggested that consensus (interacting) groups exhibit superior performance on many organizational tasks such as selecting R&D proposals for funding, planning innovative projects, and exercising quality control during implementation. The objective of this research was to investigate or not the already good performance of consensus groups on project planning tasks could be further improved by a diagnosis and feedback intervention concerning the nature of a group's rational and interpersonal processes. Data from a total of 114 groups (547 individuals) were collected. Feedback on rational processes had a more significant impact on performance than did feedback on interpersonal processes, but only for high-ability groups. The implications of these findings for project management are discussed. >

Incentives and competition in a worksite smoking cessation intervention.

Abstract: We evaluated a worksite smoking cessation program that employed multicomponents including support groups, incentives, and competition. The combination of incentives and other components increased participation rates to over 80%. Forty-two percent of smokers were abstinent at six months, compared to 13 percent of a control group (difference 29 percent, 95% CI 9, 49).

Convergence for moving averages

Abstract: Assume T is an ergodic measure preserving point transformation from a probability space onto itself. Let be a sequence of pairs of positive integers, and define the sequence of averaging operators . Necessary and sufficient conditions are given forthis sequence of averages to converge almost everywhere. Weighted versions are also considered.

A multimedia-based approach to increasing communication and the level of AIDS knowledge within families

Abstract: The print and electronic media have been used effectively in the past to assist individuals in altering negative health behaviors and attitudes associated with obesity, stress, hypertension, and smoking. This article presents the use of a multimedia-based, health promotion strategy targeted toward AIDS prevention within the family unit. In November of 1988, for 6 consecutive days, 5- to 10-minute segments addressing AIDS and the family were televised on the noon and 9 p.m. news broadcasts of a major television station in the midwest. One hundred fifty-one 8th-grade students and their parents were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions. The intervention consisted of prompting participants to view the broadcasts and giving them printed material regarding AIDS and how the topic could be discussed within the family. This AIDS educational newspaper supplement paralleled the content of the daily telecasts. All participants completed questionnaires approximately 1 week prior to and after the media program. Controls were not given the prompt or provided the supplements. Children who were encouraged to watch the program viewed significantly more of the broadcasts, talked more about sexual issues within their families, and were more knowledgeable about AIDS than controls. Parents of children identified as at risk for HIV infection had more difficulty discussing AIDS with their children than parents of children not at risk.

The Personal and Academic Self-Concept Inventory: Factor Structure and Gender Differences in High School and College Samples:

Abstract: The Personal and Academic Self-Concept Inventory (PASCI) measures global, social, physical, and academic components of self-concept, as well as social anxiety Several competing structural models were tested by confirmatory factor analysis for a sample of high school (N = 222) and college (N = 338) students Seven oblique factors which included two social factors (Social Acceptance and Social Anxiety) fit the data best, and a second-order model supported the hierarchical structure of the data Internal-consistency and test-retest measures indicated that the scales were reliable Girls and women scored lower than the boys and men on Physical Ability and on Math Ability, consistent with other findings Self-Concept scales were stable across high school grades, but global self-concept was higher in the college group, also consistent with prior research

The Negative Constitution: A Critique

Abstract: In the conventional wisdom, the Constitution is a charter of negative liberties Governmental inaction is not actionable The due process clause grants no affirmative rights These phrases are meant to signal the end of discussion Yet when conclusory incantations permit harm to flourish unchecked, they ought to be scrutinized with care This article undertakes that scrutiny Part I describes the current approach, which demands adherence to the notion of a negative constitution Part II critiques the assumptions underlying the current approach and demonstrates its undesirable consequences in decisional law Part III explores the tenacious barriers to recognition of affirmative governmental duties: the constitutional, philosophical, and common law roots of the notion of a negative constitution, as well as the belief that recognizing affirmative duties would be an invitation to chaos Finally, Part IV proposes discarding the rhetoric of negative rights and suggests an approach for constructing a theory better designed to effectuate constitutional goals

Families and the therapy of antisocial and delinquent behavior

Abstract: Summary This paper presents a structural-strategic approach to family therapy with antisocial and delinquent behavior in children. The approach is based on a specific conceptualization of antisocial behavior and emphasis on the essential legalistic-therapeutic tension that pervades work with these families. Assessment and intervention techniques and rationale are presented as well as attention to the use of skill-oriented individual therapy.

Irreducible actions and faithful actions of hopf algebras

Abstract: LetH be a Hopf algebra acting on an algebraA. We will examine the relationship betweenA, the ring of invariantsA H, and the smash productA # H. We begin by studying the situation whereA is an irreducibleA # H module and, as an application of our first main theorem, show that ifD is a division ring then [D : D H]≦dimH. We next show that prime rings with central rings of invariants satisfy a polynomial identity under the action of certain Hopf algebras. Finally, we show that the primeness ofA # H is strongly related to the faithfulness of the left and right actions ofA # H onA.

The Elusive Foundations of Political Freedom in Britain and the United States

Abstract: Political freedom is relatively secure in both Britain and the United States. Its foundations, however, are obscure. We explore four possibilities: (1) that tolerant attitudes are widely held by members of the public; (2) that those who hold intolerant views are unlikely to act on their beliefs; (3) that tolerant attitudes are widely held by members of the political elite; and (4) that constitutional organization plays a salutary role in the protection of political freedom. We conclude that neither public tolerance nor public apathy is a promising source of political freedom in either Britain or the United States. The critical underpinnings of political freedom in both countries, we conclude, seem to be elite tolerance and constitutional organization.

Personnel Selection Bias for Job Applicants with Cancer

Abstract: Selection evaluations for job applicants with a history of cancer were experimentally explored. One hundred and thirty-two supervisors and mid-level managers reviewed the cover letter and resume of an applicant with a medical condition and the job description for a simulated position. The type of the applicant's cancer was systematically manipulated in the cover letter to represent cancers with varying 5-year survival rates. Attribution of responsibility for the disability, perceived qualifications, and the recommendation to hire were assessed. Regardless of qualifications, participants made lower hiring recommendations for the applicants with cancer of the colon, pancreas, bone, and thyroid when compared to an applicant with pneumonia. Presumed personal blame for the disability was also found to be negatively related to the hiring recommendation.

The Ideology of Freshness in Feminine Hygiene Commercials

Abstract: Everybody hates feminine hygiene commercials. An Advertising Age survey found them at the top of both women’s and men’s most-hated lists (Hume, 1988, p. 3). This hatred, I believe, goes beyond taboos about menstruation, because the category includes more than just tampons and menstrual pads-it encompasses douches, sprays, and washes. In social discourse, matters of hygiene flirt with the limits of good taste; feminine hygiene transgresses those limits, evoking (but

Pollen morphology of the Embothrieae (Proteaceae) II. Embothriinae (Embothrium, Oreocallis, Telopea)

Abstract: This is the second of two papers dealing with pollen morphology and evolution within the tribe Embothrieae. The present paper examines pollen of the subtribe Embothriinae, Embothrium (1 sp.), Oreocallis (6 spp.), Telopea (4 spp.)) in the light microscope and scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Pollen is large-sized, oblate to suboblate to oblate-spheroidal, foveolate to microreticulate to spinulate with a predominantly granular exine and simple aperture morphology. The Embothriinae are palynologically heterogeneous with both Oreocallis and Telopea each exhibiting two distinct pollen types. Pollen of New World Oreocallis (O. grandiflora, O. mucronala) and the Old World O. pinnata are closer to the Old World Telopea (excluding T. speciosissima) than to other Old World Oreocallis (O. sp. nov. O. brachycarpa, O. wickhamii). Within this complex, O. pinnata occupies an intermediate position between Oreocallis and Telopea. Despite the uniformly biporate condition in Embothrium, other pollen ...

Salsa: Puerto Rican and Latino music

Abstract: Les debuts de la « salsa » musique portoricaine de New York a la fin des annees 60, et son evolution depuis

Effect of cue incongruence and social normative influences on individual judgments of honesty and deceit

Abstract: This study investigated the relative importance of verbal, nonverbal, and social normative information in judgments of honesty and deceit. Under conditions of verbal and nonverbal cue incongruence, respondents were expected to rely on normative information to make their decisions. A specific effect coded model was developed to test this hypothesis. Although the data were generally consistent with this hypothesized model, judgments in two of the six critical conditions were inconsistent with predictions. As a whole, the data offer strong support for the nonverbal cue primacy explanation and no support for the social‐normative explanation. Suggestions for future research are offered.

Spectra of smash products

Abstract: LetT=R #H be a smash product whereH is a finite dimensional Hopf algebra. We show that ideals ofT invariant under the dualH* ofH are extended fromH-invariant ideals ofR. This allows us to transport the study of ideals inT to invariant ideals. When the Hopf algebra is pointed the relationship between an ideal and its invariant ideal is shown to be manageable. Restricting to prime ideals, this yields results on the prime spectra ofR andT. We obtain Krull relations forR ⊆T for someH, including Incomparability wheneverH is commutative (or more generally whenH* is pointed after base extension). The results generalize and unify a number of results known in the context of group and restricted Lie actions.

The Elusive Foundations of Political Freedom in Britain and the United States

Abstract: Political freedom is relatively secure in both Britain and the United States. Its foundations, however, are obscure. We explore four possibilities: (1) that tolerant attitudes are widely held by members of the general public; (2) that those who hold intolerant views are unlikely to act on their beliefs; (3) that tolerant attitudes are widely held by members of the political elite; and (4) that constitutional organization plays a salutary role in the protection of political freedom. We conclude that neither public tolerance nor public apathy is a promising source of political freedom in either Britain or the United States. The critical underpinnings of political freedom in both countries, we conclude, seem to be elite tolerance and constitutional organization.

Historism in Late Nineteenth Century Constitutional Thought

Abstract: It has long been a truism of American constitutional history that the late-nineteenth century proponents of laissez-faire constitutionalism grounded themselves in natural law jurisprudence. Unfortunately, this truism is an oversimplification that limits our understanding of constitutional jurisprudence in late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the jurisprudence of Lochner-era. Without doubt, many of the early proponents of laissez-faire constitutionalism believed in the reality of natural law. Nevertheless, this Article argues that these same jurists also accepted the distinction between natural law and positive law. They regarded their task as the study and enunciation of the latter, not the former. The originators of laissez-faire constitutionalism adhered to the doctrine that law expressed the will of an earthly, not divine, sovereign; and they claimed to describe what American constitutional law was, not what it should be. They accepted, in short, the jurisprudence of legal positivism as well as the reality of natural law. Most fundamentally, however, this Article argues that the originators of laissez-faire constitutionalism grounded themselves in a third mode of jurisprudence: a jurisprudence which this study calls "historism." Historism conceived law as an evolving product of the mutual interaction of race, culture, reason and events. Moreover, historism taught that objective legal principles were discernible through historical studies, not rationalistic introspection. Today, historism is a thoroughly discredited and largely forgotten mode of thought. Yet it flourished in the nineteenth century. Laissez-faire constitutionalism was, of course, the product of many factors. But historism was its central jurisprudential determinant. This study explores the relation of historism and laissez-faire constitutionalism through a study of three prominent late nineteenth century constitutional commentators: John Norton Pomeroy, Thomas McIntyre Cooley and Christopher Gustavus Tiedeman. All three of these scholars supported laissez-faire constitutionalism. Two of them are regarded as the preeminent formulators of that doctrine. This study shows that these commentators grounded their constitutionalism in legal positivism as much as in natural law. Moreover, it shows that historism mediated their conflicting jurisprudential commitments. Historism was the linchpin of their constitutional thought. Part I of this study describes historism as a style of normative social theory and discusses its rationalist, positivist and teleologic branches. Part II analyzes Pomeroy's, Cooley's, and Tiedeman's private and public law jurisprudence, showing the varying ways they blended natural law, legal positivism and historism into a theory of constitutional law. Part III discusses three implications of this study for a revision of our understanding of Lochner-era jurisprudence.

Relationship between self-esteem and religious faith '

Abstract: Previous data have evinced a positive relationship between subjects' scores on Bahr and Martin's (1983) Scale of Religious Faith and their self-esteem scores. This study attempted to examine the relationship by correlating religious faith with subjects' scores on Coopersmith's (1967) Self-esteem Scale. Both scales of Religious Faith and Self-esteem were completed by 204 subjects at a midwestern university during January of 1990. Alpha reliabilities for both scales were ostensibly adequate (.85 for the self-esteem questionnaire and .94 for the Religious Faith scale). Based on univariate correlations, two multiple regressions indicated that several religious faith items are significantly correlated to two factors of self-esteem. Model one (F= 10.96, MS = 42.38, MSe = 3.88, p< .0001) involving the self-esteem factor of "fun" accounted for 18% of the model's variance, with the items of "I often ask God to forgive my sins," "I often read religious books," "I enjoy doing good deeds for others," and "I accept ideas from church authorities without questions" supplying the components of the model. The second model (F = 6.15, MS = 59.20, MSe = 9.63, p< ,0001) involving the factor of "parents" accounted for approximately 11% of the model's variance, with the following items representing components of the model: 1. Church authorities represent God, 2. To serve God is most important, 3. Just to lead a moral life is enough, 4. I often ask God to forgive my sins. Findings are congruent with the idea that having fun and participating in church activities are instrumental in elevating a person's self-esteem. Also, analysis shows that a belief in God, a practice of asking for forgiveness, and an acceptance of church authorities are associated with having a positive relationship with parents. In turn, an ardent relationship with parents may be expected to provide children with stronger self-esteem. These data suggest directions for researchers interested in the relationship between religious faith and self-esteem