Engie

About: Engie is a company organization based out in Houston, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Combustion & Corrosion. The organization has 331 authors who have published 288 publications receiving 4694 citations. The organization is also known as: GDF Suez & Engie SA.

On the influence of oil prices on economic activity and other macroeconomic and financial variables

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the links between oil prices and various macroeconomic and financial variables for a large set of countries, including both oil-importing and oil-exporting countries. Both short-run and long-run interactions are analysed through the implementation of Granger-causality tests, evaluation of cross correlations between the cyclical components of the series in order to identify lead/lag relationships and cointegration analysis. Our results highlight the existence of various relationships between oil prices and macroeconomic variables and, especially, an important link between oil and share prices on the short run. Turning to the long run, numerous long-term relationships are detected, the Granger-causality generally running from oil prices to the other variables. An important conclusion is relating to the key role played by the oil market on stock markets.

Maximizing the Power Output of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Plants Through Optimization of the Interconnections Among Its Modules

Abstract: Photovoltaic applications worldwide have reported problems with shading. Passing clouds, the moving shade of a neighbor's chimney or a nearby tree, can completely compromise the power production of such plants despite their size or sophistication. In order to address this issue, this paper makes an exhaustive study of the available interconnections among the modules of a shaded photovoltaic field and how they impact power production. As a result, a clear relationship between the interconnections of the PV modules and their power output is proposed through empirical connection laws.

Current distribution of oil and gas fields in the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran and contiguous offshore as the result of the petroleum systems

Abstract: Abstract In the current Zagros Fold Belt of Iran and in its contiguous offshore, five petroleum systems caused an impressive gathering of oil and gas fields that represent some 8% and 15% of global oil and gas reserves, respectively. Almost all the oil fields are located in the relatively small Dezful Embayment, which extends over 60 000 km2, whereas most of the gas fields are concentrated in Central and Coastal Fars and in the contiguous offshore area. This paper describes the functioning of the various petroleum systems through time, each petroleum system having its own specificity, and reconstructs the succession of events that explains the current location of the oil and gas fields and the reservoirs in which oil and/or gas accumulated. In addition to the classical description of the petroleum systems (distribution and organic composition of the source rocks, evolution of their maturity through time, geometry of drains and reservoirs, and trap availability at the time of migration), the influence of tectonic phases (Acadian, Hercynian, Late Cenomanian to pre-Maastrichtian, and Late Miocene to Pliocene Zagros phases) on the various systems are discussed. As the time of oil and/or gas expulsion from the source rocks is necessary to reconstruct migration paths and to locate the traps available at the time of migration, extensive modelling was used. The timing of oil or gas expulsion was compared with the timing of tectonic events. For the older systems, namely the Palaeozoic (Llandovery source rocks), Middle Jurassic (Sargelu), Late Jurassic (Hanifa–Tuwaiq Mountain–Diyab) and Early Cretaceous (Garau), oil and/or gas expulsion occurred before the Zagros folding. Oil migrated over long distances, according to low-angle geometry, towards large-scale low-relief regional highs and salt-related structures. In the current Zagros Fold Belt, oil and gas remigrated later to the closest Zagros anticlines. In contrast, for the prolific Middle Cretaceous to Early Miocene System (Kazhdumi, Pabdeh), oil expulsion occurred almost everywhere in the Dezful Embayment after the onset of the Zagros folding. Oil migrated vertically towards the closest anticlines through a system of fractures. A comparison was made between the oil expelled from the source rocks, as calculated by the model, and the initial oil in place discovered in the fields. Oils were grouped into families based upon isotopic composition (carbon and sulphur), and biomarkers. Correlation between pyrolysates and oils verifies the origin of the oils that was proposed to explain the current location of the oil (and gas) fields.

Generation Capacity Expansion in a Risky Environment: A Stochastic Equilibrium Analysis

Abstract: We cast models of the generation capacity expansion type formally developed for the monopoly regime into equilibrium models better adapted for a competitive environment. We focus on some of the risks faced today by investors in generation capacity and thus pose the problem as a stochastic equilibrium model. We illustrate the approach on the problem of the incentive to invest. Agents can be risk neutral or risk averse. We model risk aversion through the CVaR of plants' profit. The CVaR induces risk-adjusted probabilities according to which investors value their plants. The model is formulated as a complementarity problem (including the CVaR valuation of investments). An illustration is provided on a small problem that captures several features of today's electricity world: a choice often restricted to coal and gas units, a peaky load curve because of wind penetration, uncertain fuel prices, and an evolving carbon market. We assess the potential of the approach by comparing energy-only and capacity market organizations in this risky environment. Our results can be summarized as follows: a deterministic analysis overlooks some changes of capacity structure induced by risk, whether in the capacity market or energy-only organizations. The risk-neutral analysis also misses a shift towards less capital-intensive technologies that may result from risk aversion. Last, risk aversion also increases the shortage of capacity compared to the risk-neutral view in the energy-only market when the price cap is low. This may have a dramatic impact on the bill to the final consumer. The approach relies on mathematical programming techniques and can be extended to full-size problems. The results are illustrative and may deserve more investigation.