Showing papers by "Florida Atlantic University published in 1972"

Coincidence and Near-Coincidence Grain Boundaries in HCP Metals

Abstract: Coincidence concepts, commonly used in treating the structures of grain boundaries in cubic metals, are used to develop coincidence structural-unit models for grain boundaries in hcp metals. In doing this the concept of coincidence is extended to one of near- coincidence, in which the shared atoms at the boundary need not occupy exact coincidence sites but instead occupy compromise positions between two nearly coincidence lattice sites. This extension allows one to define near-coincidence-site lattices (near-CSL’s) from which are derived short-period near-coincidence structural units. Exact and near-CSL’s in the common hcp metals are tabulated for rotations about [0001], , and , and short-period coincidence structural units are presented. Geometric models of a variety of symmetric and asymmetric tilt boundaries are developed as examples to show how a relatively few coincidence structural units are combined in the structures of both simple and complex boundaries. Although hcp boundaries are treated here, the approach is quite general and can be applied to any crystal structure.

A Cross-Cultural Study of Modesty:

Abstract: This cross-cultural survey of sex customs treats sexual modesty in clothing and speech, privacy for intercourse, ceremonial license, and joking and avoidance. Sexual modesty is found to be uncorrelated with a number of sex taboos, but positively correlated with the attempt to confine sexual intercourse within marriage. This combination of sex restrictions, termed modesty-chastity, is very much the property of peasant societies, as opposed to primitice societies. The most sexually free cases in the sample tend to have a narrowly genital orientation to sex and to be preoccupied with sexual jokes and obscenity. The conclusion lists the full range of sex restrictions and sexual fears and proposes a germinal sex problem, best accounted for in Freudian terms.

Institutional Living and Self-Esteem

Abstract: Data gathered at a Federal narcotic hospital are analysed for categories of inmates at various stages in their institutional careers. They are consistent with the argument that total institutions affect self-evaluation in a negative way, although the effect is apparently not linear. Alternative explanations of such an effect are considered and some support is found for the hypothesis that institutional problems of self-esteem stem from reinforcement of societal rejection through subordination to custodial authorities. But reference group data suggest that this explanation is not completely adequate. In general the findings challenge the idea that institutional experiences have a pervasive effect on the self. However, variations in self-esteem are found to be linked to participation in inmate society.

An Application of Attribute Theory to General Assembly Voting Patterns, and Some Implications

Abstract: The primary purpose of this study' is to relate a large number of variables, pertaining to the national attributes of the members of the United Nations, to the voting patterns of these members in the 23rd (1968) and 24th (1969) sessions of the General Assembly. This effort may be viewed as a continuation of an earlier one entitled "Predicting Voting Patterns in the General Assembly,"2 based on 1961 and 1963 data.3 Such studies may have importance to notions developed under the titles of social field and attribute theory. More will be said on these implications shortly. In the previous study, mentioned above, "economic development," "democracy," and "U.S. relations" were found to have primary predictive relevance to voting behavior.4 It seems reasonable, therefore, to

Effects of P-Chlorophenylalanine on the Male and Female Sexual Behavior of Female Rats

Abstract: The male and female sexual behavior of 8 testosterone-injected female rats was observed following 4 daily injections of 100mg/kg p-chlorophenylalanine. Male sexual behavior was increased while no changes were observed in female sexual behavior.

Ethnic Adjustment in the Industrial City: The International Institute of Gary, 1919–1940

Abstract: The traditional American response to immigrants has emphasized either Americanization or assimilation. As Milton M. Gordon has sug? gested, the principles of "Anglo-conformity" and the "melting pot" re? mained prevailing ideologies until after World War II. These ideas de? manded that immigrants with foreign and "different" ways, traditions, languages, and customs be brought into the mainstream of American cul? ture, be made over into Americans, be assimilated and homogenized. American institutions (schools, churches, factories, settlement houses, po? litical parties, government) approached immigrants with those fundamental assumptions. Thus, teachers and educators used the schools as a primary agent of Americanization, advancing a laudatory view of American cul? ture and history which implied inferiority of the old country. Schools, churches, and industries sponsored English classes and government les? sons, exhorting foreigners to adopt American ways. Social workers some? times showed an excessive, moralistic concern for indoctrinating newcom? ers, especially children, with middle-class American values. Most people dealing with immigrants assumed cleanliness, sobriety, industriousness, honesty, patriotism, and piety as inseparable from the "American way."1 Unique among agencies working with immigrants were the Interna? tional Institutes established in more than sixty American cities by the YWCA in the years after 1918. At the end of World War I, the YWCA's War Work Council transformed itself into the Department of Immigra? tion and Foreign Communities with the initial intention of aiding foreignborn women and girls in the United States. To carry out its program, the National Board of the YWCA sponsored local affiliates named Interna? tional Institutes, primarily in industrial cities with heavy ethnic popula? tions like Buffalo, Boston, Bridgeport, Detroit, Chicago, New York, Phila? delphia, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, McKeesport, St. Paul, Du-

Lifespan and budding potential of lemna as a function of age of the parent– a genealogic study

Abstract: Summary Experiments tested claims that, in Lemna, increasing age of the parent reduces lifespan and reproductivity of the offspring. Successive cultures of nth buds (‘nth-bud lines’, n= 1–10), and also of late-buds and last-buds, were observed for size and number of the buds they produced, and lifespan. Advancing age of the parent frond affected bud size, but had little or no effect on either lifespan or budding capacity of the offspring. First, second, and third buds of all lines were larger than their parents; successive buds then decreased in size approximately linearly with bud number or time of separation. Small, late buds, as parents, have smaller buds than do their early siblings. Numbers of buds produced by late buds, as parents, differ little from the numbers produced by their earlier siblings. Both groups vary randomly; together, their productivity is well represented by a normal distribution curve. Lifespans of early and late buds do not, on the average, differ markedly. ‘Survival curves’ indicate that early buds are more likely to survive into middle age (to produce nine-ten buds), but late buds are more likely to survive into very old age and to produce thirteen-fifteen buds. Bud production by late offspring is somewhat slower than that by early offspring.

Federal–local cooperation and its consequences for state level policy participation: water resources in arizona

Abstract: Intergovernmental sharing of responsibility for planning and administering programs of public policy is generally accepted as descriptive of American federalism. Sharing implies that "significant decision-making power" in the United States for shaping and implementing public programs is exercised equally by public officials in federal, state, and local units of government. More importantly, the exponents of the sharing thesis argue, although shared relationships are both cooperative and conflicting, intergovernmental cooperation is the key attribute of American federalism.1 In the present discussion, I wish to expand on the sharing concept by asking: What are the consequences of specific intergovernmental cooperative relationships on policy participation of public officials in federal, state, and local governments? The major aim of this case is to offer some insights into this broad question by an analysis of how state level policy making in the state of Arizona on the issue of water resources is affected by a federal-local cooperative relationship between the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior, and special purpose local water users' associations.2 I am concerned

A re-examination of factors influencing the evaluation of assertions

Abstract: The research reported here was stimulated by part of a paragraph from Roger Brown's Words and Things which describes an experiment by Solomon Asch.1 Asch presented the following statement to two different groups of subjects: "I hold that a little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms are in the physical." One of the groups was told, correctly, that the author of the statement was Thomas Jefferson, but the other was told it came from the works of Lenin. Brown reports that the statement was evaluated with more approval when attributed to Jefferson than when attributed to Lenin, and concludes: "Most American college students will disagree with the statement recommending rebellion when it is attributed to Lenin and agree when it is attributed to Jefferson."2 We were struck by the significance of the Jefferson statement for the social milieu of late 1969 and wondered how students at that time would evaluate the statement when it was attributed to different authors. Going back to Asch, we could not find any quantitative reports indicating the extent of agreement or disagreement with the statement, and discovered that Asch was arguing for a Gestalt interpretation of results originally reported by Irving Lorge.3 Lorge had assessed quantitatively the extent of agreement and disagreement with a large number of statements by many different authors, including the Jefferson statement. He demonstrated that subjects would give more positive evaluations of statements they thought had been made by authors toward whom they had positive attitudes, and interpreted his results as "acceptance by association." The basic assump-

Visual exploratory behavior in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).

Abstract: 3 male squirrel monkeys were tested for visual preferences among another monkey, a toy snake, or an empty cage. The sight of another monkey was preferred to either of the other stimuli. The response shows little habituation but undergoes fairly rapid extinction.

A comparison of two procedures for breaking the response-reinforcement contingency in discriminated barpress avoidance

Abstract: Rats were conditioned to prevent shock in a standard discriminated barpress avoidance situation and then were extinguished by either of two procedures: (1) classical extinction (CE), or (2) a nondifferential punishment procedure (OE). Results indicated faster extinction and lower terminal response levels with the CE procedure. An interpretation was offered implicating, as an important factor, the number of discriminative cues present during the extinction series.

Anchor effects on the discrimination of pitch

Abstract: Two experiments considered the effects of introducing an extreme stimulus (anchor) upon the differential perception of tonal stimuli. In the first experiment, in which Ss rated series stimuli from 1,000 to 2,000 Hz or from 2,000 to 3,000 Hz, the presence of a 750-Hz anchor apparently disrupted discrimination. A second experiment involved testing for a difference threshold (method of limits) in which the standard was a tone of 1,500 Hz. The uncertainty interval (Iu) was larger when the interval between paired stimulus presentations was filled with a 750-Hz tone, again suggesting that discrimination is impaired by the introduction of a low-frequency anchor. Results are discussed in terms of theories relating range extent and discriminability. Anchor effects (AE), for this study, are measured in terms of the modification of judgments made about a series of stimuli as the result of the presence of a stimulus value which falls outside the series. One conjecture about such effects is that they are limited by the distance of the anchor from the series stimuli. A further conjecture is that such limits may define relevance between an anchor value and a particular set of stimuli, possibly leading to description of stimulus dimensions in terms of a minimal number of relevant subsets (e.g., Adamson, 1967; Bevan & Pritchard, 1963; Sarris, 1969). This study began with an attempt to define AE limits for a portion of the auditory frequency dimension, itself chosen as possibly anomalous when compared to other quantitative dimensions (see Attneave & Olsen, 1 9 71 ). The singular findings of Experiment 1, however, prompted a change in direction and necessitated running a second experiment, in an attempt to ascertain whether the findings were related to basic properties of the perception of pitch. EXPERIMENT1