Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition

About: Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition is a nonprofit organization based out in Pensacola, Florida, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Middleware & KAOS. The organization has 257 authors who have published 654 publications receiving 20833 citations. The organization is also known as: IHMC.

A teoria subjacente aos mapas conceituais e como elaborá-los e usá-los

Abstract: Este texto apresenta a origem da ferramenta de mapas conceituais e descreve brevemente o inicio do seu desenvolvimento. Apresentam-se algumas das ideias da Teoria da Assimilacao de Ausubel (1963, 1968) que serviram como base para a criacao dos mapas conceituais, destacando-se a importância da assimilacao de novos conceitos e proposicoes na estrutura cognitiva previa do aprendiz para a construcao de signifi cados. Apresentam-se ainda as bases epistemologicas dessa teoria de aprendizagem cognitiva, incluindo-se a ideia de que a producao criativa de um novo conhecimento pode ser entendida como um nivel bastante avancado de aprendizagem signifi cativa, processo que pode ser facilitado pela utilizacao de mapas conceituais. Busca-se ilustrar a larga variedade das ferramentas disponiveis no programa gratuito CmapTools, cujas varias aplicacoes incluem o auxilio ao desenvolvimento da aprendizagem signifi cativa e do curriculo, a captura e retencao de conhecimento especializado tacito e explicito e o fortalecimento da producao criativa. O uso do programa CmapTools, de fontes da internet e de outros recursos digitais prepara um poderoso Novo Modelo de Educacao, levando a criacao de portfolios de conhecimento individual, capazes de registrar a aprendizagem signifi cativa e embasar qualquer futura aprendizagem afi m. O programa CmapTools oferece ainda amplo suporte para colaboracao, bem como para a publicacao e compartilhamento de modelos de conhecimento. Palavras-chave: Mapa conceitual. Aprendizagem signifi cativa. Programa Cmaptools.

Capture Point: A Step toward Humanoid Push Recovery

Abstract: It is known that for a large magnitude push a human or a humanoid robot must take a step to avoid a fall. Despite some scattered results, a principled approach towards "when and where to take a step" has not yet emerged. Towards this goal, we present methods for computing capture points and the capture region, the region on the ground where a humanoid must step to in order to come to a complete stop. The intersection between the capture region and the base of support determines which strategy the robot should adopt to successfully stop in a given situation. Computing the capture region for a humanoid, in general, is very difficult. However, with simple models of walking, computation of the capture region is simplified. We extend the well-known linear inverted pendulum model to include a flywheel body and show how to compute exact solutions of the capture region for this model. Adding rotational inertia enables the humanoid to control its centroidal angular momentum, much like the way human beings do, significantly enlarging the capture region. We present simulations of a simple planar biped that can recover balance after a push by stepping to the capture region and using internal angular momentum. Ongoing work involves applying the solution from the simple model as an approximate solution to more complex simulations of bipedal walking, including a 3D biped with distributed mass.

Working Minds: A Practitioner's Guide to Cognitive Task Analysis

Abstract: Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) helps researchers understand how cognitive skills and strategies make it possible for people to act effectively and get things done. CTA can yield information people need -- employers faced with personnel issues, market researchers who want to understand the thought processes of consumers, trainers and others who design instructional systems, health care professionals who want to apply lessons learned from errors and accidents, systems analysts developing user specifications, and many other professionals. CTA can show what makes the workplace work -- and what keeps it from working as well as it might. Working Minds is a true handbook, offering a set of tools for doing CTA: methods for collecting data about cognitive processes and events, analyzing them, and communicating them effectively. It covers both the "why" and the "how" of CTA methods, providing examples, guidance, and stories from the authors' own experiences as CTA practitioners. Because effective use of CTA depends on some conceptual grounding in cognitive theory and research -- on knowing what a cognitive perspective can offer -- the book also offers an overview of current research on cognition. The book provides detailed guidance for planning and carrying out CTA, with chapters on capturing knowledge and capturing the way people reason. It discusses studying cognition in real-world settings and the challenges of rapidly changing technology. And it describes key issues in applying CTA findings in a variety of fields. Working Minds makes the methodology of CTA accessible and the skills involved attainable.

Making Sense of Sensemaking 1: Alternative Perspectives

Abstract: Sensemaking has become an umbrella term for efforts at building intelligent systems. This essay examines sensemaking from various perspectives to see if we can separate the things that are doable from the things that seem more like pie-in-the-sky

Applying KAoS services to ensure policy compliance for semantic web services workflow composition and enactment

Abstract: In this paper we describe our experience in applying KAoS services to ensure policy compliance for Semantic Web Services workflow composition and enactment. We are developing these capabilities within the context of two applications: Coalition Search and Rescue (CoSAR-TS) and Semantic Firewall (SFW). We describe how this work has uncovered requirements for increasing the expressivity of policy beyond what can be done with description logic (e.g., role-value-maps), and how we are extending our representation and reasoning mechanisms in a carefully controlled manner to that end. Since KAoS employs OWL for policy representation, it fits naturally with the use of OWL-S workflow descriptions generated by the AIAI I-X planning system in the CoSAR-TS application. The advanced reasoning mechanisms of KAoS are based on the JTP inference engine and enable the analysis of classes and instances of processes from a policy perspective. As the result of analysis, KAoS concludes whether a particular workflow step is allowed by policy and whether the performance of this step would incur additional policy-generated obligations. Issues in the representation of processes within OWL-S are described. Besides what is done during workflow composition, aspects of policy compliance can be checked at runtime when a workflow is enacted. We illustrate these capabilities through two application examples. Finally, we outline plans for future work.