Showing papers by "Gadjah Mada University published in 1994"
TL;DR: The hominid fossils, a juvenile calvaria of Pithecanthropus and a partial face and cranial fragments of Meganthropus, commonly considered part of the Asian Homo erectus hypodigm, are at least 0.6 million years older than fossils referred to as Homo erectu from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and comparable in age with the oldest Koobi Fora Homo cf.
Abstract: 40Ar/39Ar laser-incremental heating of hornblende separated from pumice recovered at two hominid sites in Java, Indonesia, has yielded well-defined plateaus with weighted mean ages of 1.81 +/- 0.04 and 1.66 +/- 0.04 million years ago (Ma). The hominid fossils, a juvenile calvaria of Pithecanthropus and a partial face and cranial fragments of Meganthropus, commonly considered part of the Asian Homo erectus hypodigm, are at least 0.6 million years older than fossils referred to as Homo erectus (OH-9) from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and comparable in age with the oldest Koobi Fora Homo cf. erectus (Homo ergaster) in Kenya. These ages lend further credence to the view that Homo erectus may have evolved outside of Africa. If the ancestor of Homo erectus ventured out of Africa before 1.8 Ma, the dispersal would have predated the advent of the Acheulean culture at 1.4 Ma, possibly explaining the absence of these characteristic stone cleavers and hand axes in East Asia.
487 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical and experimental results for high-resolution frequency scans of 45 × 45 oblique-incidence far-infrared reflectivity spectra of ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency were presented in this paper.
Abstract: Theoretical and experimental results are presented for high-resolution frequency scans of 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} oblique-incidence far-infrared reflectivity spectra of ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency. The magnetic field is vertical and the plane of incidence horizontal. Calculations are presented and illustrated numerically for an arbitrary angle \ensuremath{\theta} between the crystal c axis and the magnetic field ${\mathit{H}}_{0}$. The main point of principle is that the equilibrium spin configuration and therefore the magnetic susceptibility depend on \ensuremath{\theta}. The reflectivity R is nonreciprocal, i.e., R(-${\mathit{H}}_{0}$)\ensuremath{
e}R(${\mathit{H}}_{0}$). For \ensuremath{\theta}=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} magnetic features are seen only in s polarization (E field vertical), but otherwise they are seen in both polarizations. Except for \ensuremath{\theta}=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} weak s to p and p to s reflections are predicted. We discuss the instrumental developments required for the high resolution that is necessary for this spectroscopy. Experimental results for \ensuremath{\theta}=45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} are presented (\ensuremath{\theta}=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} are in a previous publication). The whole range of spectra, including the s to p and p to s reflections, are accounted for with the same set of parameters as were used previously to fit the \ensuremath{\theta}=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} results.
41 citations
TL;DR: The spontaneous avirulent mutant of strain Str-10, i.e. strainStr-10 op type, significantly protected tomato plants from bacterial wilt, and was presumed to be derived from induced resistance of host plant.
Abstract: Bacteriocinogenic strelitzia strain (Str-10) of Pseudomonas solanacearum was tested for its ability to suppress development of bacterial wilt of tomato in a greenhouse. The spontaneous avirulent mutant of strain Str-10 i.e. strain Str-10 op type, significantly protected tomato plants from bacterial wilt. The strain suppressed the development of bacterial wilt incited either by bacteriocin-sensitive or bacteriocin-resistant strains. The protection was more pronounced when the temperature was low (18-25°C). However, at high temperature (30-37°C) the protection effect was lost. Population of strain Str-10 op type was maintained in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane. At 28 days after inoculation, population of strain Str-10 op type in the rhizoplane was 2×106cfu/g fresh weight of root and 2×105cfu/g dry weight of soil in the rhizosphere. The bacterium also invaded root and stem tissue a few centimeters above ground. The promising protection due to the strain Str-10 op type was obtained when the population ratio of the challenge strains to Str-10 op type was smaller than 1. Although the strain Str-10 op type exists in the greater amount in the root system, the bacteriocin was unlikely involved in suppression of bacterial wilt of tomato. The ability of strain Str-10 op type in suppressing the development of bacterial wilt was presumed to be derived from induced resistance of host plant.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, oblique-incidence frequency scans of an antiferromagnetic-resonance reflectivity spectrum in the presence of an applied magnetic field were presented for the c axis of a single crystal both parallel and perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
Abstract: We present oblique-incidence frequency scans of an antiferromagnetic-resonance reflectivity spectrum in the presence of an applied magnetic field ${\mathit{H}}_{0}$. Results are shown for the c axis of an ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ single crystal both parallel and perpendicular to ${\mathit{H}}_{0}$, which is normal to the plane of incidence. In both cases the s-polarization spectra show nonreciprocal behavior with respect to ${\mathit{H}}_{0}$.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse the narrow component of money demand, using modern econometric techniques, and the major innovation of the paper (in the context of a developing country) is the use of explicit forward-looking model.
Abstract: Since the 1960s, the banking and financial sector has been at the forefront of the Indonesian development strategy. Thus in order to gain an understanding of the problems and opportunities facing Indonesia, it is essential to understand the workings of the monetary sector of the economy. The aim of this paper is to analyse the narrow component of money demand, using modern econometric techniques. But the major innovation of the paper (in the context of a developing country) is the use of an explicit forward-looking model. This approach, the consequence of financially sophisticated behaviour on the part of Indonesian agents, has significant policy implications. One of these is that announced changes in policy, if credible, will lead to a more rapid response from the private sector than if agents were purely backward looking. This may make the operation of monetary (and other) policy more effective than would otherwise be the case.
26 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that different HCV genotypes prevail in patients with distinct diseases, as well as unclassifiable HCVGenotypes in Indonesia are indicated.
Abstract: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA were surveyed in patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and their subtypes and genotypes were determined by serological methods and polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers, respectively. Of 149 patients with chronic liver disease including 24 with chronic hepatitis, 86 with liver cirrhosis, and 39 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, HBsAg was detected in 40 (27%) and HCV RNA in 48 (32%); one patient was positive both for HBsAg and HCV RNA. Thus, the cause of chronic liver disease was not identified in 62 (42%) patients. Of 58 patients on maintenance hemodialysis, four (7%) were positive for HBsAg and 44 (76%) for HCV RNA. Subtype adw was found in 34 (74%) of 46 HBsAg samples and adr in five (11%); compound subtypes, such as adyw and adyr were detected in the remaining seven (15%). Among HCV RNA samples from 48 patients with chronic liver disease, 23 (48%) were of genotype II, 17 (35%) of genotype III and one (2%) of genotype V, in a distribution strikingly different from that of 44 samples from patients on maintenance hemodialysis, 39 (89%) of which were of genotype I and only one (2%) of genotype II. Genotypes were not classifiable in seven (15%) patients with liver disease and four (9%) patients on hemodialysis despite high HCV RNA titers in them all. These results indicate that different HCV genotypes prevail in patients with distinct diseases, as well as unclassifiable HCV genotypes in Indonesia.
19 citations
TL;DR: In February 1994, a large eruption continued a pattern of activity that Mt Semeru volcano exhibited since 1967 as discussed by the authors, which has been the subject of few scientific investigations Observations of the volcano's activity are made from a distance and compiled in monthly and annual reports by the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (VSI), but the most recent detailed map of the summit region was published in 1938 in the Atlas of the Dutch Colonies.
Abstract: In February 1994 a large eruption continued a pattern of activity that Mt Semeru volcano—the highest mountain in Java, Indonesia—has exhibited since 1967 Mt Semeru lies south of the Tengger Caldera, which encloses the volcano Mt Bromo Together, they form one of the largest volcanic complexes in the province of East Java
Although Mt Semeru is one of the most continuously active volcanos in Indonesia, it has been the subject of few scientific investigations Observations of the volcano's activity are made from a distance and compiled in monthly and annual reports by the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (VSI), but the most recent detailed map of the summit region was published in 1938 in the Atlas of the Dutch Colonies
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study of periodic reversal of flow direction using a two-recuperator/catalyst bed system is the subject of this paper, extended by modelling and simulation.
18 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It seems, therefore, that the course of these diseases is regulated by these polypeptides which may in turn modulate the disease severity, however, whether altered levels of interleukins in certain oral disorders can be used as a diagnostic marker requires further investigation.
Abstract: Interleukins produced by both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells play a crucial role in the immune response This paper discusses the possible interleukin network in the immunopathogenesis of some oral diseases In chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases and periapical inflammation, interleukins such as IL-1 and IL-6 may be responsible in tissue destruction High levels of IL-12 but not IL-4 and IL-10 may reduce the course of candidal infection The progression of HIV infection has been associated with the regulation of distinct cytokines; thus, the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma may be regulated by IL-6 In autoimmune-associated oral diseases such as lichen planus, the role of Langerhans cells in presenting autoantigens may parallel with increased levels of IL-6 It seems, therefore, that the course of these diseases is regulated by these polypeptides which may in turn modulate the disease severity However, whether altered levels of interleukins in certain oral disorders can be used as a diagnostic marker requires further investigation
16 citations
TL;DR: The first report to confirm the heterogeneous presence of an altered membrane band 3 protein in Indonesian ovalocytosis is reported, and the sequence of the larger product matched completely with that of normal individuals.
Abstract: We here report the molecular characterization of an Indonesian ovalocytosis. The analysis of genomic gene by polymerase chain reaction shows that the individual has two amplified products from a region encompassing exon 11 of the erythrocyte band 3 gene. The sequence of the larger product matched completely with that of normal individuals. In the sequence of the smaller product, 27 nucleotides within exon 11 disappeared. The deletion removes a total of nine amino acids in the boundary of cytoplasmic and membrane domains of band 3 protein, a membrane anion transporter protein. This is the first report to confirm the heterogeneous presence of an altered membrane band 3 protein in Indonesian ovalocytosis.
12 citations
TL;DR: Hydrolysis rate constants in neat water and in base buffers for a number of organophosphorus insecticides and carbamates are computed from pseudo first‐order rate constants, using a simple regression model.
Abstract: Hydrolysis rate constants in neat water (k‘w) and in base buffers (kb) for a number of organophosphorus insecticides and carbamates are computed from pseudo first‐order rate constants, using a simple regression model. The log‐log correlation between k‘w and kb values is evaluated.
TL;DR: Both extracted and authentic tomatine exhibited bacteriostatic activity against P. solanacearum and approximately 150μg/disk of extracted tomatine were sufficient for growth inhibition of P.solanacEARum.
Abstract: Tomato plants inoculated with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas solanacearum (strain Str-10 op type) produced a growth inhibitory substance at a higher level than those of uninoculated control in root system but not in stem. The substance was identified to be tomatine by Mass Spectrometry, TLC, UV spectrometry and chemical component analysis. The tomatine contents five days after inoculation were 113 and 152μg/g fresh root when Str-10 op type was inoculated at the inoculum concentrations of 108 and 109cfu/ml, respectively. Tomatine content in the uninoculated control plants was 65.9μg/g. Tomatine content nine days after inoculation reached 450μg/g. In an in vitro experiment, 100μg/disk of authentic tomatine and approximately 150μg/disk of extracted tomatine were sufficient for growth inhibition of P. solanacearum. Both extracted and authentic tomatine exhibited bacteriostatic activity against P. solanacearum. Treatment with heat-killed cells or culture filtrate of Str-10 op type failed to increase tomatine content in the root tissue.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived expressions for oblique-incidence reflectivity of bulk and thin-film rare-earth magnets with helical magnetic orderings (spiral and cone states) in the far-infrared frequency region.
TL;DR: In this paper, the geostatistics theory of regionalized variables is applied to integrate dense surveys of Wegener Canyon and sparse observations in adjacent areas into maps with full coverage of the 230 km by 330 km area at 10°−20° W/70°−72° S.
Abstract: Bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data from Antarctic expeditions with RV POLARSTERN and satellite altimeter data from the Geosat Geodetic Mission are analysed using methods from geostatistics and geophysical inverse theory. The Explora Escarpment represents the edge between the Antarctic Continental Shelf and the Weddell Abyssal Plain. It is an important link in the reconstruction of Gondwana breakup, but a feature as large as the 2000 m deep Wegener Canyon was only discovered in 1984, when extensive bathymetric, gravimetric, and magnetic surveys with RV POLARSTERN began. Geostatistics, the theory of regionalized variables, is applied to integrate dense surveys of Wegener Canyon and sparse observations in adjacent areas into maps with full coverage of the 230 km by 330 km area at 10°–20° W/70°–72° S. The resultant highresolution bathymetric and gravity maps reveal detailed structures of the Explora Escarpment. Using geophysical inversion, the gravity terrain effect is calculated. Satellite data are used for their better coverage, but have much lower resolution. Nevertheless, the structures of Wegener Canyon and other more prominent features appear with surprisingly good correlation also in the Geosat altimeter data. While it was initially supposed that Wegener Canyon is purely an erosional structure, the magnetic map now provides evidence of the ‘canyon's’ tectonic origin.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors disebabkan karena tingkat pertumbuhan JUB yang konstan, and mencoba melihat kebijakan moneter yang diterapkan di Indonesia dari tahun 1970 sampai dengan 1991.
Abstract: Kebtiakan moneter yang diambil pemertntah dapat bersifat rule maupun discretion. Sampai saat ini masih terdapat isu perbedaan pendapat mengenai efektivitas penerapan kebijakan rule atau discretion. Dalam beberapa tulisan dikatakan kebijakan rule merupakan kebijakan yang akan menjamin stabilitas pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hal ini disebabkan karena tingkat pertumbuhan JUB yang konstan. Sedang ada pendapat bahwa kebijakan rule tldak dapat menjangkau seluruh permasalahan yang ada, maka kebijakan discretionlah alternatifnya. Selanjutnya makalah akan mencoba melihat kebijakan moneter yang diterapkan di Indonesia dari tahun 1970 sampai dengan 1991. Hasil studi secara sederhana menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menggunakan kebijakan discretion.
TL;DR: The most important aspects of the TLC-EI analysis method for organophosphorus pesticide residues are examined in this paper, where special attention is paid to the activation of the OPs with bromine, hypochloric acid and m−chloroperbenzoic acid.
Abstract: The most important aspects of the TLC‐EI analysis method for organophosphorus pesticide (OPs) residues are examined. Special attention is paid to the activation of the OPs with bromine, hypochloric acid and m‐chloroperbenzoic acid. The effect of the various activation methods and AChE sources on the detection sensitivity is briefly reviewed. Finally, some quantitative results, obtained after in vitro activation with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid, are presented.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Efisiensi informasi nampaknya mengalami peningkatan di Bursa Efek Jakarta (BEJ). Proses belajar untuk melakukan analisis rasional Nampak terlihat pada pasar perdana.
Abstract: Efisiensi informasi nampaknya mengalami peningkatan di Bursa Efek Jakarta (BEJ). Proses belajar untuk melakukan analisis rasional nampak terlihat pada pasar perdana. Gejala thin trading, sebagai gejala yang umum terjadi di bursa kecil, juga dijumpai di BEJ. Meskipun standard CAPM nampaknya tidak berlaku di BEJ banyak saham yang mempunyai beta yang stabll. Akhirnya perkembangan pasar modal selama akhir 1993 menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara money dan capital market menjadi makin erat. Peningkatan harga saham selama semester dua 1993 leblh banyak disebabkan karena penurunan tingkat bunga dari pada kenaikan profitabilitas perusahaan.
TL;DR: Keropok crackers made of six different starches (tapioca, maize, arrowroot, cana, Arenga sago and Metroxylon sago) resulted in different extents of expansion, but this did not correlate with amylopectin content.
Abstract: Keropok crakcers made of six different starches (tapioca, maize, arrowroot, cana, Arenga sago and Metroxylon sago) resulted in different extents of expansion, but this did not correlate with the amylopectin content. Keropok crackers with greater expansion was not neccesarilly more hygroscopic. Crispiness acceptability increased with increasing expansion of volume. Higher amylopectin content of the starch gave more acceptable flavor of the cracker
TL;DR: expression of c-myc expression in leukemia cells may be used as an indicator for deciding prognosis of the leukemia patients in Indonesia.
Abstract: Overexpression of c-myc, c-myb and c-fos proto-oncogene has been observed in many leukemia cells. However, a relation between those oncogene expressions and prognosis of the leukemia is not known in Indonesia. In order to elucidate the relation, expression of those oncogenes in leukemia cells from 52 patients in Indonesia was examined by Northern blot analysis and was compared with prognosis of the disease. The leukemia patients who survived for more than 2 years were 37% of the 52 patients. Many of the samples expressed c-myc mRNA (92%). Although strong expression of c-myb and c-fos mRNA was detected in the samples (c-myb expression in 35% of the leukemia cells and c-fos in 52%), those co-expressions with c-myc mRNA did not alter the prognosis. On the contrary, all of the 4 patients suffering from leukemia which did not express c-myc mRNA survived for more than 2 years. Therefore, c-myc expression in leukemia cells may be used as an indicator for deciding prognosis of the leukemia patients in Indonesia.