Showing papers by "Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management published in 2011"

Optimal Network Reconfiguration of Large-Scale Distribution System Using Harmony Search Algorithm

Abstract: Electrical distribution network reconfiguration is a complex combinatorial optimization process aimed at finding a radial operating structure that minimizes the system power loss while satisfying operating constraints. In this paper, a harmony search algorithm (HSA) is proposed to solve the network reconfiguration problem to get optimal switching combination in the network which results in minimum loss. The HSA is a recently developed algorithm which is conceptualized using the musical process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. It uses a stochastic random search instead of a gradient search which eliminates the need for derivative information. Simulations are carried out on 33- and 119-bus systems in order to validate the proposed algorithm. The results are compared with other approaches available in the literature. It is observed that the proposed method performed well compared to the other methods in terms of the quality of solution.

Ranking fuzzy numbers with a distance method using circumcenter of centroids and an index of modality

Abstract: Ranking fuzzy numbers are an important aspect of decision making in a fuzzy environment. Since their inception in 1965, many authors have proposed different methods for ranking fuzzy numbers. However, there is no method which gives a satisfactory result to all situations. Most of the methods proposed so far are nondiscriminating and counterintuitive. This paper proposes a new method for ranking fuzzy numbers based on the Circumcenter of Centroids and uses an index of optimism to reflect the decision maker's optimistic attitude and also an index of modality that represents the neutrality of the decision maker. This method ranks various types of fuzzy numbers which include normal, generalized trapezoidal, and triangular fuzzy numbers along with crisp numbers with the particularity that crisp numbers are to be considered particular cases of fuzzy numbers.

Barium Strontium Bismuth Niobate Layered Perovskites: Dielectric, Impedance and Electrical Modulus Characteristics

Abstract: Barium Strontium Bismuth Niobate Layered Perovskites: Dielectric, Impedance and Electrical Modulus Characteristics M.P. Dasaria,∗, K. Sambasiva Rao, P. Murali Krishna and G. Gopala Krishna Department of Physics, Gitam Institute of Technology, Gitam University Visakhapatnam-530 045, India Centre for Piezoelectric Transducer Materials, Physics Department, Andhra University Visakhapatnam-530 003, India

Solid lubricants in machining

Abstract: This article presents a review of solid lubricants application in different machining processes such as grinding, milling, drilling, and turning. Of late, several reasons have led to the increased usage of solid lubricants in machining. The heat generated in the cutting zone during machining is critical in deciding the workpiece quality. Although cutting fluids are widely employed to carry away the heat in machining, their usage poses threat to ecology and the health of workers. Hence, there arises a need to identify eco-friendly and user-friendly alternatives to conventional cutting fluids. Modern tribology has facilitated the use of solid lubricants as an alternative to cutting fluids in machining. Graphite, calcium fluoride, molybdenum disulphide, and boric acid are the general solid lubricants used in machining. Process performance is improved with the application of solid lubricants in machining. By reducing coefficient of friction, cutting forces and tool wear are reduced in machining with solid lub...

Metal contamination in select species of birds in Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract: Variation in metal contamination in six species of birds, namely the Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and Jungle Babbler (Turdoides striatus) in Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India. The accumulation of heavy metals differed among the species studied. On an average, Little Egret accumulated high concentrations of copper (53.31 ± 23.19 ppm) followed by Cattle Egret (16.27 ± 9.83 ppm) in liver. Of all the species, Jungle Babbler recorded the maximum concentrations (20.59 ± 9.07 ppm) in muscle. The Pond Heron recorded the maximum concentration (35.38 ± 11.14 ppm) in brain. On an average the maximum level was in the kidney of Common Myna (7.76 ± 1.80 ppm).

Maintenance Strategy Evaluation Using ANP and Goal Programming

Abstract: An optimal maintenance strategy mix is necessary for increasing availability and reliability levels of production facilities without significantly increasing operational costs. The selection of maintenance strategies is a typical Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem with conflicting goals. Consideration of interdependence among the criteria and alternative policies for maintenance strategy provides valuable cost savings and greater benefits for any hybrid flow systems. For any decision maker, it is convenient to prioritize the criteria of MCDM problems and goals of goal programming problems in fuzzy terms. This paper presents an integrated approach for maintenance policy selection, using fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP) within a Goal Programming, based on fuzzy preemptive priority where goal hierarchies are specified in different levels of fuzzy importance. To overcome the criticism of inconsistency, unbalanced scale of judgments and uncertainty in the pair-wise comparison process, criteria weights are determined using modified fuzzy LLSM method.

Online identity theft – an Indian perspective

Abstract: Purpose – Today almost all businesses are connected online and net banking has becoming a buzzword. The concept of identity theft which was more known in the Western world is making its presence felt in developing economies like India. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to review the current scenario of phishing attacks in India and provide some countermeasures that can be adopted by online firms to fight this kind of attack.Design/methodology/approach – A few statistics related to the phishing attacks worldwide are compared with India's to gauge the severity of the problem. Security measures adopted by a few banks worldwide are reviewed and are compared with their counterparts in India. In the end, some guidelines are furnished on how to tackle the situation.Findings – There has been an increase in identity theft in the last few years which could pose a serious problem in the future, resulting in loss of trust by the customer towards net banking. Most of the Indian banks are taking initiatives...

Experimental study and analysis of lubricants dispersed with nano Cu and TiO2 in a four-stroke two wheeler

Abstract: The present investigation summarizes detailed experimental studies with standard lubricants of commercial quality known as Racer-4 of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (India) dispersed with different mass concentrations of nanoparticles of Cu and TiO2. The test bench is fabricated with a four-stroke Hero-Honda motorbike hydraulically loaded at the rear wheel with proper instrumentation to record the fuel consumption, the load on the rear wheel, and the linear velocity. The whole range of data obtained on a stationery bike is subjected to regression analysis to arrive at various relationships between fuel consumption as a function of brake power, linear velocity, and percentage mass concentration of nanoparticles in the lubricant. The empirical relation correlates with the observed data with reasonable accuracy. Further, extension of the analysis by developing a mathematical model has revealed a definite improvement in brake thermal efficiency which ultimately affects the fuel economy by diminishing frictional power in the system with the introduction of nanoparticles into the lubricant. The performance of the engine seems to be better with nano Cu-Racer-4 combination than the one with nano TiO2.

Intrusion detection: An energy efficient approach in heterogeneous WSN

Abstract: Intrusion detection plays an important role in the area of security in WSN. Detection of any type of intruder is essential in case of WSN. WSN consumes a lot of energy to detect an intruder. Therefore we derive an algorithm for energy efficient external and internal intrusion detection. We also analyse the probability of detecting the intruder for heterogeneous WSN. This paper considers single sensing and multi sensing intruder detection models. It is found that our experimental results validate the theoretical results.

Supplier evaluation using hybrid multiple criteria decision making approach

Abstract: In the face of acute global competition, supplier management is rapidly emerging as a crucial issue to any companies striving for business success and sustainable development. To optimise competitive advantages, a company should incorporate ‘suppliers’ as an essential part of its core competencies. Supplier evaluation, the first step in supplier management, is a complex multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, and its complexity is further aggravated if the highly important interdependence among the selection criteria is taken into consideration. The objective of this paper is to suggest a comprehensive decision method for identifying top suppliers by considering the effects of interdependence among the selection criteria. Proposed in this study is a hybrid model, which incorporates the technique of analytic network process (ANP) in which criteria weights are determined using fuzzy extent analysis, Technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) under fuzzy environment is adopted to rank competing suppliers in terms of their overall performances. An example is solved to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the suggested model.

A Threat Free Architecture for Privacy Assurance in Cloud Computing

Abstract: Cloud Computing is a boon to IT industry that can help its clients to grow with minimal investment in technology. But users deter the adoption of cloud services with apprehensions on data leakage and loss of privacy if their sensitive data is processed in the cloud. The paper aims to provide maximum security and privacy to the data stored on cloud by using Double Authentication and Hybrid Obfuscation Technique with the use of a plug-in for the internet browser as an application software with multiple functionalities. The novelty of this method is to place data and keys separately on different clouds which have no direct communication between them by following the policy of 'Divide and Rule'.

Disinfection and reduction of organic load of sewage water by electron beam radiation

Abstract: The efficacy of electron beam radiation for the disinfection and reduction of organic load of sewage water was assessed with ILU-6 Accelerator at Radiation Technology Development Division of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai India. The current problem on environmental health in relation to water pollution insists for the safe disposal of sewage water. In general, sewage water comprises heterogeneous organic based chemicals as well as pathogens. EB treatment of the wastewater has found to be very effective in reducing the pathogens as well as organic load. EB dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms. The experimental results elucidated the reduction of biological oxygen demand—BOD (35 and 51.7%) in both inlet and outlet sewage samples. Similarly reduction of chemical oxygen demand—COD was observed (37.54 and 52.32%) in both sewage samples with respect to increase in irradiation doses (0.45–6 kGy). The present study demonstrated the potential of ionizing radiation for disinfection of sewage and to increase the water quality of the wastewater by decreasing BOD and COD. So, the irradiation sewage water can find its application either in agriculture for irrigation, in industry for cooling purpose and some selected domestic purposes.

Modified Protocols for Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Using Public Encryption and Signature Keys

Abstract: IPSec provides a framework of protocols for protecting transmissions over an IP network. This allows the creation of a secure VPN over the existing Internet, with data fully encrypted and secure when transferred between two points. IPSec resides at the network level and can be implemented regardless of applications used, giving remote users full access to their network and to robust data, voice, or video applications. A big advantage of IPsec is that security arrangements can be handled without requiring changes to individual user computers [1]. IPSec defines two protocols, the Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Protocols to provide authentication or encryption for packets at the IP level. To establish a logical relationship IPSec requires a Security Association between two hosts. For establishing this relation a protocol called Internet Key Exchange was designed. IKE is divided into two phases, phase I and phase II. Phase I creates SAs for phase II. Phase II creates SAs for a data exchange protocol such as IP Sec. In this paper we propose modified protocols for the IKE Phase I.

Surface textural analysis using acousto optic emission- and vision-based 3D surface topography—a base for online tool condition monitoring in face turning

Abstract: In metal cutting as a result of the cutting motion, the surface of workpiece will be influenced by cutting parameters, cutting force, and vibrations, etc. Thus, by monitoring the machined surface topography of the workpiece and extracting the relevant information the cutting process and tool wear state should be able to be monitored and quantified. But the effects of vibrations have been paid less attention. The work in the present paper is divided into two parts. First part consists of a data acquisition and signal processing using acousto optic emission sensor (i.e., laser Doppler vibrometer) for online tool condition monitoring and the second part of the work presents the surface topography analysis of machined surfaces during the progression of the tool wear. Most of the work presented is also a study where surface metrology is being used to measure all aspects of the machining in combination with an online metrology tool. The encouraging results of the work pave the way for the development of a real-time, low cost, and reliable tool–condition–monitoring system. A high degree of correlation is established between the results of the acousto optic emission signal- and vision-based surface textural analysis in identification of tool wear state.

A New Method to Enhance Performance of Digital Frequency Measurement and Minimize the Clock Skew

Abstract: There are different ways to measure frequency. But in most of the methods the systems are failed to provide good sensitivity or to maintain constant relative errors. This paper presents a new wide-range speed measurement method, using the direct memory access (DMA) terminal count register. The measure ends are interfaced with DMA channels through pipelines to improve hit ratio. Here hit ratio indicates the exact identification of encoder pulses without any fail or miss. The DMA method is based on pulses counting in the constant sampling time at terminal count stop pin of a DMA controller. A pipe line technology is built in the system to reduce the data losses during not ready sequence of DMA operations. But the conventional pipeline system is facing problems due to improper synchronization of clock pulses. This is a universal problem in all the digital systems mostly called jitter or skew. In most of the digital systems the propagation of information mainly controlled on the basis of clock pulses. In most of the digital systems the clock skew decreases the performance of the digital systems. Here a new system is implemented in the path of the clock to remove or reduce the clock skew.

Online tool wear prediction in wet machining using modified back propagation neural network

Abstract: Tool wear monitoring is one of the critical issues in the automated industry. Though use of artificial neural networks for tool wear monitoring is widely reported in the literature, the models are ...

Experimental investigation of performance and emissions on low speed diesel engine with dual injection of solar generated steam and pongamia methyl ester

Abstract: An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the effects of steam injection into the intake manifold of a single cylinder, low speed, direct injection diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel palm methyl ester. Steam injection is generally carried out by non–conventional energy source. The addition of steam in to the intake manifold of the engine was carried out by vaporizing the water inside a boiler and heat is supplied by the solar concentrated parabolic dish. Biodiesels are known to produce higher NOx when compared to the neat diesel. Addition of steam to the combustion chamber of diesel engine has known effects of reducing the dangerous emissions of NOx but it is not clearly known about the engine performance and emissions. To examine this, an experimental investigation has been carried out on a single cylinder low speed diesel engine with steam injection in to the intake manifold during the suction stroke on the performance and engine emissions. Experiment results shows that there is a significant reduction in smoke levels and NOx during the steam injection both for the diesel fuel and pongamia methyl ester. Also there is a significant improvement of engine performance in terms of specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency with steam injection.

Spectroscopic studies of lead arsenate glasses doped with nickel oxide

Abstract: Lead arsenate glasses containing different concentrations of NiO ranging from 0 to 1 mol% (in steps of 0.2 mol%) were prepared. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. A number of studies viz., optical absorption, thermoluminescence, magnetic susceptibilities and IR spectra, have been carried out on these glasses. The bands observed in the optical absorption spectra of the glasses have been analyzed using Tanabe–Sugano diagrams for d8 ion; the analysis indicates the presence of Ni2+ ions in both tetrahedral and octahedral positions. The increase in the concentration of NiO in the glass matrix shows a gradual transformation of nickel ions from tetrahedral positions to octahedral positions in the glass network. The thermoluminescence light output of the X-ray irradiated glasses has exhibited a glow peak at 353 K (with increasing intensity with an increase in the concentration of NiO) in addition to the conventional peak due to the recombination of electron–hole centers; this glow peak is identified due to 3T2 → 3A2 emission transition of octahedral Ni2+ ions. The value of the magnetic moment evaluated from the measured magnetic susceptibility show a decreasing trend from 3.84 to 3.10 μB with the increase in the concentration of NiO. All these studies indicate an increasing presence of octahedral (lasing) Ni2+ ions in these glasses with the increase in the concentration of NiO.

Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes by Aspergillus flavus

Abstract: A problem of paramount importance that has attracted the attention of environmental biologists is the discharge of highly colored effluents into the environment by various industries, which use a w...

CPN-a hybrid model for software cost estimation

Abstract: One of the challenges faced by the managers in the software industry today is the ability to accurately define the requirements of the software projects early in the software development phase. The cost-benefit analysis forms the basis of the planning and decision making throughout the software development lifecycle. As such there is a need for efficient software cost estimation techniques for making any endeavor viable. Software cost estimation is the process of prognosticating the amount of effort required to build a software project. In this paper we have proposed a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique which operates on data sets clustered using the K-means clustering algorithm. PSO is employed to generate parameters of the COCOMO model for each cluster of data values. The clusters and effort parameters are then trained to a Neural Network by using Back propagation technique, for classification of data. Here we have tested the model on the COCOMO 81 dataset and also compared the obtained values with standard COCOMO model. By making use of the experience from Neural Networks and the efficient tuning of parameters by PSO operating on clusters, the proposed model is able to generate better results and it can be applied efficiently to larger data sets.

Realization of a parallel operating SIMD-MIMD architecture for image processing application

Abstract: Typical real time computer vision tasks require huge amount of processing power and time for handling real time computer vision applications. Parallel processing founds to be the only solution to obtain the require processing speed for handling high-speed image processing applications. Generally SIMD architecture is suitable under low level processing while MIMD architecture is suitable for high-level processing. This paper works on realization of a parallely operating SIMD-MIMD architecture for image processing applications. The project is isolated into two levels firstly, with the creation of a programming model for supporting parallel processing and secondly, with the creation of image processing algorithms for simulation framework. The programming model is to be created using kernel program realized using C language. The image processing algorithms are to be realized on Matlab platform and linked with the developed support for parallel processing.

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Inflammatory Changes in the Masseter Muscle

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in diagnosing inflammatory changes of masseter muscle in patients having facial cellulitis or abscess clinically. Materials and methods: A total of 20 patients diagnosed clinically as having unilateral cellulitis or abscess of massetric region were selected and subjected to ultrasonography (Medison SA 9900 ultrasonographic machine) for evaluating thickness of masseter muscle on affected and the normal contralateral side of patient. Results: The mean thickness of masseter muscle on affected side was 1.5295, whereas on unaffected side was 1.1745, which clearly shows an increase in thickness of muscle on affected side. Conclusion: Trismus, resultant of soft tissue infections requires different treatment modalities according to the etiology. Thus, a potent diagnostic tool which can minimize the dilemma regarding the treatment selection is warranted. These findings highlight the significance of ultrasonography as important diagnostic tool to rule out the involvement of masseter muscle in inflammatory swelling of facial region.

Differential Artificial Bee Colony for Dynamic Environment

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel variant of artificial bee colony algorithm for complex multimodal and dynamic optimization problem. The Differential Artificial Bee Colony (DABC) is proposed to enhance the bees update strategy for improving the quality of solutions. The DABC is also integrated with external archive to preserve the good solutions produced through the generations and contributing to the better search strategy. Comprehensive analysis of proposed algorithm is carried out on standard benchmark problems with higher dimensions (10, 30 and 50) and on dynamic optimization problems. The algorithmic suitability, robustness and convergence rate are investigated. Results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better and competitive to those of the other population based stochastic algorithms.

Bioinspired synthesis of morphologically controlled SrCO3 superstructures by natural gum acacia

Abstract: Crystallization of strontium carbonate is performed in aqueous solution using Gum Acacia (GA) as crystal growth modifier. A novel study of hierarchical assembly, specifically interacting inorganic and natural component without introduction of other additives was studied. SrCO3structures exhibiting the morphologies of well defined nanocrystallites in the form of clusters of hexagonal rods, flower shaped, cross like, doughnut shaped and rice grain shaped are identified by optimizing the conditions and concentration of GA. In continuation, morphology was also examined for mixed metal carbonates (Sr-LaCO3, Sr-TbCO3). The results indicate that –OH, –COOH and -NH2 functional group moieties of GA play a remarkable role in inhibiting growth morphology of metal carbonates and mixed metal carbonates. Structural characterization of the synthesized materials was investigated by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive analysis (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled Mass (MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). This synthesis method can be easily extended to a variety of inorganic nanoparticles, thereby enabling exact control over material properties. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)