GE Energy Infrastructure

About: GE Energy Infrastructure is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Wind power & Turbine. The organization has 1954 authors who have published 1781 publications receiving 20200 citations.

Arc Flash Energy Reduction—Case Studies

Abstract: This paper discusses the use of high-speed circuit interruption to achieve extremely fast arcing fault clearance, resulting in a significant reduction of arc flash incident energy. High-speed interruptions can create problems such as loss of selectivity and unintended production losses. To prevent nuisance tripping, protective zones are created, and circuit breakers are assigned primary and backup protective zones. Circuit breakers use high-speed circuit interruption for faults within the primary protective zone, and their speed of operation is retarded or restrained for faults outside the primary protective zone. Waveform recognition of the fault current due to downstream current-limiting devices, where they exist, enables the protection zone to extend to downstream remote equipment. This paper concludes with a description of solutions used on two installations where the incident energy was reduced from a level of “extremely dangerous” to a level much lower than that defined for “everyday work clothing” personal protective equipment (PPE) (8 cal/cm2). This reduction was achieved across three levels of equipment without compromising selectivity and, therefore, unnecessary outages.

Extension of the Stator Vane Upstream Across the 180° Bend for a Multistage Radial Compressor Stage

Abstract: The design, analysis and optimization of a new stator concept for multistage centrifugal compressors using numerical methods is presented. The first objective was to further improve the performance of a well-optimized stage with a short vaneless diffuser, see Aalburg et al [1]. The second objective was to achieve a significant increase in the flow turning in the stator part. In order to achieve these goals an extension of the return channel vane upstream, over the U-turn bend, was considered. This design poses challenges that are quite different from those encountered for a conventional design. For example, a conventional vane angle distribution leads to lean angles across the bend that are not feasible from a manufacturing and aerodynamic perspective. In addition, conventional design tools for geometry generation were found to have limited applicability for this concept. To address these issues a geometry generator was developed that facilitated the design of three-dimensional across-the-bend type vanes with unconventional vane angle distributions. The geometry generator was based on an analytical design procedure similar to that outlined by Veress and Braembussche [2]. This procedure allows a desired loading distribution to be specified. In this paper the vane concept will be introduced, the development of the geometry generator will be outlined and the effect of varying design parameters will be considered. An optimized design will then be presented that outperformed the reference conventional design in terms of efficiency by up to one point across the operating range. This improvement was achieved despite a significantly higher vane loading.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

Sand Erosion Experiments and Model Development for UNS N06625 Cladding and UNS S32750

Abstract: Material loss due to sand erosion can cause severe damage to oil and gas production facilities and lead to leaks and ruptures if left undetected. The design of oil and gas production equipment to safely withstand sand erosion and simultaneously optimize production requires a reliable erosion prediction tool. One of the key requirements for such a tool is that it correctly models both the erosion resistance of the exposed materials and the effects of the particle impact trajectories and velocities.

Bracket, method of making, and method of mounting rooftop elements on rooftop structure

Abstract: A bracket comprises a mounting base, a landing riser attached to the mounting base, a landing attached to the landing riser, a slot-defining structure riser attached to the mounting base and a slot-defining structure attached to the slot-defining structure riser. A first landing surface of the landing is parallel to at least a portion of a first mounting base surface of the mounting base. A slot is defined between first and second slot-defining surfaces of the slot-defining structure. The first slot-defining surface is parallel to the first landing surface. A method of making a bracket, comprises forming a unitary element and bending the unitary element to produce a bracket. A method of mounting a rooftop element on a rooftop structure comprises attaching at least two brackets to the rooftop structure, and positioning a rooftop element on the brackets. A rooftop array comprises a rooftop structure, a plurality of brackets attached to the rooftop structure and a plurality of rooftop elements.

Integration of wind and solar under a 20% RPS: Stochastic simulation methods and results from California ISO studies

Abstract: This paper presents two extension to the literature on modeling of wind and solar integration in the California ISO footprint, as well as results from a large-scale regional simulation [2]. First, the paper presents a two-step methodology for simulation of power systems with high penetration of variable generation resources, such as wind and solar. The first step is a statistical model that calculates hourly and sub-hourly operational requirements for the incremental load-following and regulation capacity needed for integration of variable generation resources, developed by [1], [10]. The second step is to add one or more of these capacity reserve requirements to a production simulation model with co-optimization of energy and ancillary services to test the capability of the power system to provide operational capabilities. Both steps start from the same set of 1-minute data on load and wind and solar production as well as forecast errors for modeling to ensure consistency of simulated results. The second extension was to develop a sequential production simulation model that can account for the effect of forecast uncertainty on day-ahead to real-time unit commitment and dispatch over a large number of iterations. This approach was applied to selected days. The simulation begins with unit commitment against day-ahead and then hour-ahead “net” loads that account for load, wind and solar forecast errors, before conducting 5-minute economic dispatch in real-time. The purpose is to evaluate the effect of forecast uncertainty on current ISO market scheduling practices and the capability to conduct real-time net load-following. This is a topic of concern to ISOs when evaluating changes to market products and scheduling practices to elicit further operational capability. Along with additional annual production simulations that examined impacts to fleet operations and revenues, the finding in this study, under the stated assumptions and solution methods, was that operational flexibility was sufficient to meet intra-hourly and inter-hourly ramps while carrying all needed ancillary services, including additional regulation calculated in the first step. This general modeling framework has been extended further in other recent studies [3].