Showing papers by "Griffith University published in 1981"
TL;DR: In the North American continent, in Europe and elsewhere, the dramatic growth in private security in the past several decades has reshaped the structure and function of modern policing and raised fundamental questions with respect to sovereignty, justice, and individual liberty now almost entirely unrecognised as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: On the North American continent, in Europe and elsewhere, the dramatic growth in private security in the past several decades has reshaped the structure and function of modern policing. The development of private security has been facilitated by fundamental shifts in the nature of property relations. These changes have encouraged the development of a preventative mode of policing consistent with the principles and hopes of nineteenth-century police reformers, but they also suggest that we are moving in the direction of a new disciplinary society and raise fundamental questions with respect to sovereignty, justice, and individual liberty now almost entirely unrecognised. In particular, the legal institutions regarding private property operate to enhance the potential threat to individual liberty posed by the development of modern private security.
242 citations
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Research in this area is moving into a second phase, with the emphasis no longer being focused on demonstrations of the biological reality of these interactions, but directed more towards quantitative aspects of binding, the determination of the characteristics of binding domains, and the theoretical basis of regulatory involvements.
Abstract: Soluble enzymes contribute significantly to the metabolic capabilities of living organisms, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the activities of these enzymes are significantly modified by their interactions with structural components of the cell, and that these interactions may make important contributions to metabolic regulation. In the past, specification of these interactions has been limited by the availability of suitable experimental techniques, but this deficiency is now being rectified and our understanding of these processes is advancing rapidly. Research in this area is moving into a second phase, with the emphasis no longer being focused on demonstrations of the biological reality of these interactions, but directed more towards quantitative aspects of binding, the determination of the characteristics of binding domains, and the theoretical basis of regulatory involvements. All of these aspects are discussed in the present review.
155 citations
TL;DR: The Central American toad, Bufo marinus, has been extensively introduced throughout the Caribbean and Pacific regions and is now one of the most widespread of terrestrial vertebrates.
Abstract: The Central American toad, Bufo marinus, has been extensively introduced throughout the Caribbean and Pacific regions and is now one of the most widespread of terrestrial vertebrates. Details, such as the sources and dates of introductions, the number of individuals introduced and the fates of the introduced populations have been documented and are described. The availability of this historical information makes the introductions of great potential value as a series of evolutionary experiments. They can be used to study the way in which allopatric populations diverge genetically and the effects of population bottlenecks of known size on the genetic characteristics of populations, and to examine theories of rapid speciation caused by genetic revolutions associated with founder events.
144 citations
TL;DR: The model predicts an inverse relationship between the time spent in predator surveillance and the flock size of house sparrows, and the results support its prediction.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the enhancement of the components of the I multiplet varies with τ as Σ m I m I sin (4 πJm I τ ) where J is the scalar coupling constant and m I takes the values l, l - l, …, -l.
86 citations
TL;DR: This paper develops and extends the simple vector model and shows that it will prove a viable and useful simple alternative to the density matrix approach for the understanding and design of new specific pulse sequences.
74 citations
TL;DR: There are 24 possible polarization transfer pulse sequences having two or three precessional periods in which the effects of heteronuclear coupling and chemical shift are separated by refocusing pulses Six of the most useful of these pulse sequences are described in detail using the Heisenberg vector approach as discussed by the authors.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modification of the INEPT sequence enables application of the sequence to two-dimensional NMR and provides a simplified form of 2D 13C J spectroscopy.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a general analytical solution to the kinematic flow approximation for an excess rainfall which is any arbitrary function of time is presented, which generalizes an earlier solution which applies when the excess rainfall is constant for a finite time interval.
63 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the variable binding of key glycolytic enzymes has a role to play in the regulation of gly colytic behaviour in skeletal muscle.
40 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that Adh-1 and AdH-3 are products of a recent gene duplication event during mammalian evolution and that considerable divergence in the active sites of these enzymes and the "temporal" genes controlling loci expression in differentiated tissues has subsequently occurred.
Abstract: Electrophoretic variants for the stomach isozyme (ADH-C2) and liver isozyme (ADH-A2) of alcohol dehydrogenase in strains of Mus musculus have been used in genetic analyses to demonstrate close linkage between the structural genes (Ahd-3 and Adh-1, respectively) encoding these enzymes. No recombinants were observed between these loci among 126 backcross animals, which places them less than 0.8 centimorgans apart. Previous studies have positioned Adh-3, and a temporal locus (ADh-3t), on chromosome 3 (Holmes, "79; Holmes et al., "80). Kinetic analyses on partially purified preparations of these isozymes have demonstrated widely divergent catalytic properties and inhibitor specificities. The liver isozyme exhibited Michaelis constants that were nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower than the stomach isozyme for various alcohol and aldehyde substrates. Moreover, aminopropyl pyrazole strongly inhibited ADH-A2 (Ki=1.2M), whereas ADH-C2 was insensitive to inhibition under the conditions used. It is proposed that Adh-1 and Adh-3 are products of a recent gene duplication event during mammalian evolution and that considerable divergence in the active sites of these enzymes and the "temporal" genes controlling loci expression in differentiated tissues has subsequently occurred.
TL;DR: Electrophoretic and activity variation of the cytoplasmic isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase (designated AHD-B4) was observed among inbred strains and Harwell linkage-testing stocks of Mus musculus, suggesting that it is localized near the centromeric end of chromosome 19.
Abstract: Electrophoretic and activity variation of the cytoplasmic isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase (designated AHD-B 4 ) was observed among inbred strains and Harwell linkage-testing stocks of Mus musculus . The phenotypes are inherited in a normal Mendelian fashion, with two alleles showing co-dominant expression at a single locus ( Ahd-2 ). The locus was shown to segregate independently of Ahd-1 (encoding the mitochondrial AHD-A 2 isozymes on chromosome 4 ; Holmes 1978). Linkage data of Ahd-2 with ep (pale ears), ru (ruby eyes) and bm (brachymorphic) suggest that it is localized near the centromeric end of chromosome 19 . Electrophoretic evidence for a third AHD isozyme (designated AHD-Cy), which is predominantly localized in the liver microsomal fraction, is also presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the face dependent surfaces energies of simple metals were obtained through second-order ansatz for the inhomogeneous screened linear electron gas susceptibility, and the results hinge on ion induced inhomogeneity of the bulk electron density prior to cleavage.
TL;DR: Age, temperature and solar radiation influence egg laying in D. plexippus, and an algorithm taking these factors into account accounts for 88% of the daily variation in egg laying.
Abstract: The effects of age and weather conditions on egg laying inD. plexippus were determined for caged females. Age (measured in physiological time), temperature and solar radiation influence egg laying in this species of butterfly. An algorithm taking these factors into account in presented and accounts for 88% of the daily variation in egg laying. CagedD. plexippus begin to lay eggs six—seven days after emergence, peak egg production (about 60 eggs/♀) occurs about 15 days later. Females continue to lay eggs throughout their adult life, which in a flight cage was about 40 days. This egg laying pattern is compared with other published fecundity schedules. The effect and importance of a female being prevented from laying her eggs, on her life-time egg production, is also discussed.
TL;DR: Development studies showed that the liver and kidney AHD-Cy isozyme exhibited low activities in late-stage fetal and neonatal mice and reached adult levels by approximately 6 weeks of age.
Abstract: Variation in the inducibility of the liver microsomal isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase (designated AHD-Cy) by phenobarbital administration was observed among inbred strains and linkage testing stocks of Mus musculus. The phenotypes were inherited in a normal Mendelian fashion with two alleles showing codominance at a proposed regulatory locus (designated Ahd-3r). Strain variation was also observed for the induction of liver AHD-Cy by 17-β-oestradiol administration to ovarectimized female mice. Moreover, this enzyme was elevated in activity by the administration of high (nonphysiological) levels of progesterone. Development studies showed that the liver and kidney AHD-Cy isozyme exhibited low activities in late-stage fetal and neonatal mice and reached adult levels by approximately 6 weeks of age.
TL;DR: In this article, the Blasius equation is integrated with a weighted integral condition for the flow and the accuracy of the solution is improved dramatically when the series is rewritten to avoid the region of divergence.
Abstract: Direct integration of the classical Blasius equation yields a weighted integral condition for the flow. The accuracy of the solution is improved dramatically when the series is rewritten to avoid the region of divergence. The first term of this new series approximates the stress accurately to 0(10{-4}).
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that factors previously recognized, but not regarded as critical, can dominate dissolution kinetics of ionic oxides, and the results are in conflict with current theoretical models, and a qualitative account of the mechanism of the establishment of a stable solution double layer is given.
Abstract: It is shown that factors previously recognized, but not regarded as critical, can dominate dissolution kinetics of ionic oxides. The use of the nearly perfect{100} MgO surfaces of smoke cubes to obtain very precise values of dissolution rates per unit surface area, in dilute HCl, HClO$\_4$ and HNO$\_3$, has shown that rates extrapolated to zero dissolution are almost independent of pH in the range 2.0-3.5. Dissolution rates were measured by monitoring solution pH as a function of time. This revealed increasing rates with increasing pH up to about 5% total dissolution, followed ultimately by a return to the linear relation between lg(rate) and pH (slope ca. -0.5) normally expected. The initial increase in rate is due to increasing \[Mg$^{2+}$\] in solution and is observed with \[Mg$^2+$\] as low as 1% of the \[H$^+$\]. A linear relation between lg(rate) and \[Mg$^{2+}$\] is found during the early stages of dissolution. Other cations (Al$^{3+}$, Na$^+$) also increase the initial rate, to a similar extent. Electron-microscope observations of the cubes show alteration of the surfaces to a castellated structure (of \{100\}-based projections and intrusions) on wetting before dissolution, and the development of facets having an average \{110\}-nature during dissolution. The results are in conflict with current theoretical models, and a qualitative account of the mechanism of the establishment of a `stable' solution double layer is given.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the cost of living in Australia and the United Kingdom using price and expenditure shares information provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Department of Employment, London, and from a private survey conducted by one of the authors in London and Sydney in December 1979.
Abstract: This paper attempts to compare the cost of living in Australia and the United Kingdom. The comparisons are made on the basis of price and expenditure shares information provided predominantly by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Department of Employment, London, and from a private survey conducted by one of the authors in London and Sydney in December 1979. Due to the nature of the data, absence of quantity information, it was necessary to employ a new index number method derived by one of the authors.
TL;DR: Tissue specificity of a proposed cis-acting temporal locus (Adh-3t), which regulates alcohol dehydrogenase C2 (ADH-C2) activity in mouse reproductive tissue extracts, has been examined and it is demonstrated that stomach, kidney, lung, adrenals, seminal vesicles, epididymis, uterus, and ovary ADH- C2 is encoded by a single locus.
Abstract: The tissue specificity of a proposed cis-acting temporal locus (Adh-3t), which regulates alcohol dehydrogenase C2 (ADH-C2) activity in mouse reproductive tissue extracts, has been examined in C5 7BL/6J, SM/J, F1 (SM/J × C5 7BL/6J) mice as well as in progeny of an (F1 [SM/J × C5 7BL/6J] × C5 7BL/6J) back-cross. Electrophoretic variants for ADH-C2, previously used to localize the gene (Adh-3) encoding this enzyme on chromosome 3, enabled the relative parental contributions to ADH-C2 phenotype in F1 and backcross mouse tissues to be determined. These analyses demonstrated that (1) stomach, kidney, lung, adrenals, seminal vesicles, epididymis, uterus, and ovary ADH-C2 is encoded by a single locus (Adh-3); Adh-3t is differentially active in various tissues, eg, lung exhibits no apparent activity whereas the temporal locus is fully active in seminal vesicles; (3) Adh-3t is probably differentically active in different cells of some tissues, eg, adrenals. Specific activity profiles of stomach and epididymal ADH-C2 during the neonatal development of C5 7BL/6J, SM/J, and F1 (SM/J × C5 7BL/6J) male mice supported the proposal for a cis-acting temporal locus for this enzyme. Genetic analyses examining segregation of Adh-3 and Adh-3t among backcross progeny suggested that these are distinct but closely linked loci, since one recombinant among 256 progeny was observed. Linkage data of Adh-3 with Va (varitint-waddler) and de (droopy ear) was also obtained, which suggested that Adh-3 is localized on chromosome 3 between Va and de.
TL;DR: In this paper, cross polarisation nmr spectroscopy with magic angle spinning was used to compare the types of organic carbon in two whole soils, and sufficient resolution was achieved to show that the two soils differ considerably in polysaccharide content.
TL;DR: In this article, both current and expected levels of variables are considered for expenditure on motor vehicles, household durabls and non-durable goods as well as for household saving.
TL;DR: A case is made for the probable occurrence of the enzyme-filament interaction as a physiologically significant phenomenon in skeletal muscle.
TL;DR: Physicochemical investigations of mixtures of aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in 0.05 m Tris/HCl-0.001 m EDTA, pH 7.5, have failed to detect an interaction that has been reported to occur between these two enzymes, and it is suggested that the reported interactions do not reflect association of the native enzymes per se, but rather an artifactual association.
TL;DR: Australia faces a future based increasingly upon primary resource and mineral development, especially coal, and the epidemiological bases of health impact assessment in these developments will need to be improved and processes of discussion made more open if health considerations are to be given proper scientific and evaluative treatment.
15 Apr 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, an eigenvalue/eigenvector analysis of the master equation for infrared multiphoton decomposition is used to derive a computational efficient means of analysing experimental data (such as fractional decomposition and branching ratios) to obtain laser absorption cross sections and information on gas/gas energy transfer.
Abstract: An eigenvalue/eigenvector analysis of the master equation for infrared multiphoton decomposition is used to derive a computational efficient means of analysing experimental data (such as fractional decomposition and, for multichannel reactions, branching ratios) to obtain laser absorption cross sections and information on gas/gas energy transfer. Reaction both during and after the pulse is incorporated, post-pulse collisional relaxation being found to be of both qualitative and quantitative importance in the interpretation of data. It is shown that fractional decomposition and branching ratios are essentially independent of the finer details of pulse shape, provided that the fluence remains fixed; it is am demonstrated that the analysis of the problem in terms of a single eigenvalue is inadequate.
TL;DR: Analysis of the maps using various dispersion indices and spatial autocorrelation statistic showed that patches have a clumped dispersion, indicating a close association between milkweeds and the degree of disturbance of the ‘natural’ environment by human activities.
Abstract: Infra-red aerial photography was used on two occasions to map the abundance and dispersion of milkweeds (Asclepias spp.). The scale at which the aerial photographs could be interpreted showed that milkweeds occur in large contiguous areas or patches. These patches are abundant, the number in any size-class declining exponentially with increasing size. Analysis of the maps using various dispersion indices and spatial autocorrelation statistic showed that patches have a clumped dispersion. Large patches tend to be surrounded by smaller sized patches. The scales at which clumping occurred indicated a close association between milkweeds and the degree of disturbance of the ‘natural’ environment by human activities. The utility of resource mapping using aerial photography is demonstrated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the stability of the Cournot oligopoly model is re-examined, taking into account possible costs which may be incurred when firms change their production output from one business period to the next.
TL;DR: In this paper, a P-type InSb (n h = 7.5 × 1019 m−3) has been irradiated with I-MeV electrons at 7 K followed by isochronal annealing between 80 and 346 K.
Abstract: P-type InSb (n h = 7.5 × 1019 m−3) has been irradiated with I-MeV electrons at 7 K followed by isochronal annealing between 80 and 346 K. Changes in carrier mobility and concentration have been monitored. Effects of compensation are elucidated as is the role of shallow defect levels.
TL;DR: The physical and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene film modified by γ-irradiation in the presence of gaseous 1,3-butadiene (BD) have been studied as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: The chlorpromazine-brain tubulin system is given detailed consideration in order to illustrate the use of the present theory in describing the binding results which exhibit two critical points when plotted in Scatchard format.