Showing papers by "Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai published in 1971"
TL;DR: Extracts of mucosa from human antrum, duodenum, and proximal jejunum obtained at surgery and at autopsy contain two immunoreactive components of gastrin, separable on the basis of size and charge.
149 citations
TL;DR: Magnesium toxicity should be recognized and treated as outlined in the infant of a toxemic mother who has received a large dose or prolonged magnesium sulfate therapy, and in contrast to the adult, the newborn does not excrete a magnesium load satisfactorily.
Abstract: The effect of two regimens of magnesium sulfate therapy in the toxemic mother and her newborn is reviewed. When magnesium sulfate is given intramuscularly to the mother, the newborn is usually not compromised by excess magnesium but may be affected. If continuous intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate is used and especially if given for more than 24 hours, one can anticipate a newborn manifesting all the signs of hypermagnesemia. Serum levels in the cord blood and serial samples of the newborn do not necessarily correlate with the clinical picture and may be of little diagnostic value. In contrast to the adult, the newborn does not excrete a magnesium load satisfactorily. Magnesium toxicity should be recognized and treated as outlined in the infant of a toxemic mother who has received a large dose or prolonged magnesium sulfate therapy.
135 citations
TL;DR: Electrophoretic and filtration analysis of Immunoreactive plasma gastrin extends the previous finding of two immunoreactive components of plasma gastri, which are indistinguishable from each other and from heptadecapeptide porcine gastrin I in their immunochemical reaction with guinea pig antiporcine Gastrin I antibodies.
126 citations
TL;DR: Experiments are reported which define this subclass specificity further and indicate similarities for the binding sites of bothγG1 and γG3, which are related to red cell-antibody complexes.
Abstract: MONOCYTES as well as macrophages have receptor activity for IgG and the third component of complement1–5. The receptor sites may act independently or cooperatively in binding and ingestion of red cell-antibody complexes2–5. Myeloma proteins of known subclass specificity used as inhibitors of phagocytosis of various red cell–IgG antibody complexes provided suggestive evidence for a subclass specificity of these receptor sites1. We wish to report experiments which define this subclass specificity further and indicate similarities for the binding sites of both γG1 and γG3.
113 citations
TL;DR: The endometrium from 115 patients with so-called feminizing ovarian tumors recorded in the Ovarian Tumor Registry and in the Institution is studied to ascertain the endometrial response to more or less continuous endogenous estrogen stimulation.
99 citations
TL;DR: High-magnification electron-microscopic examination of representative small samples of lung unequivocally showed chrysotile asbestos to be present in 24 of 28 consecutive New York city autopsy cases.
Abstract: When inhaled, chrysotile tends to split into unit fibrils 200 to 400 Angstroms in diameter, invisible with optical microscopy. Further, it is altered chemically and physically in vivo. Therefore, attempts to identify unaltered chrysotile in the core of “asbestos bodies” have many pitfalls, especially when such attempts are limited by optical microscopy. High-magnification electron-microscopic examination of representative small samples of lung unequivocally showed chrysotile asbestos to be present in 24 of 28 consecutive New York city autopsy cases. Our data demonstrate that chrysotile fibers and fibrils are present in the lungs of New York city residents. Similar observations have been made in London. We anticipate that what is now known for New York and London will be found in other cities as well.
97 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the tonic release of gastrin in patients with anacidity is atropine-resistant and that the reduction in gastric acid secretion produced by atropinization in acid-secreting subjects serves to blunt the normal inhibitory effect of antral acidification on gastrin secretion, thereby overcoming any possible atropines blockade of Gastrin release in response to feeding.
95 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that monkeys without striate area may still exhibit some of the approximate constancies which allow the perception of a structured visual space, provided that the peristriate and parastriate cortices are relatively preserved.
93 citations
TL;DR: Ocular torsion was measured in alert monkeys and compensatory ocular counter-rolling (CR) was the same whether the head or head and body were tilted, and was not much different in the presence or absence of vision.
Abstract: Ocular torsion was measured in alert monkeys. There was about 5″-7′ of compensatory ocular counter-rolling (CR) when the head and body were tilted 45″ to the right or to the left. CR was the same whether the head or head and body were tilted, and was not much different in the presence or absence of vision. One monkey was tested after serial destruction of the labyrinths. Counterclockwise CR was reduced after left labyrinthectomy and clockwise CR after right labyrinthectomy. That is, each labyrinth appeared to exert the strongest effect on CR to the opposite side. After bilateral labyrinthectomy small but definite amounts of CR were induced by head or by head and body tilt. This has been designated as residual CR. In the intact animal CR is mainly induced by the labyrinths. In the absence of the labyrinths, however, other types of sensory activity can influence the steady angle of torsion of the eyes.
79 citations
77 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that trisomy 22 is a distinct clinical entity on the basis of the phenotypic and cytogenetic findings in these and 10 similar patients previously reported.
TL;DR: Electron microscopy of the poisoned nerve-muscle junction shows a sequence of motor nerve ending damage that culminates in disruption of the prejunctional membrane and loss of all organelles, including synaptic vesicles, in the cat.
Abstract: Black widow spider venom selectively poisons motor nerve endings. A progressive and irreversible failure of neuromuscular transmission occurs in the cat. Electron microscopy of the poisoned nerve-muscle junction shows a sequence of motor nerve ending damage that culminates in disruption of the prejunctional membrane and loss of all organelles, including synaptic vesicles. The postjunctional membrane was morphologically unaffected. After complete poisoning, the contractile response to exogenous acetylcholine was severely impaired, an indication that the prejunctional site is chiefly involved in the contractile response produced by exogenous acetylcholine and that the pre- and postjunctional effects of acetylcholine were separated.
TL;DR: This work has made use of the recent observation that a variable region subclass of heavy chains is characterized by an unblocked amino-terminal residue and of the availability of automated sequencing techniques to study this question in detail with additional heavy chain sequences.
Abstract: THE variable regions of human immunoglobulin light chains contain three areas of unusually high variability1–4. Similar hypervariable regions have been postulated for human heavy chains5, 6, but there are no amino-acid sequence data to support this idea. These hypervariable regions are particularly interesting because they may be the areas of the immunoglobulin molecule involved in antibody complementarity.We have made use of the recent observation that a variable region subclass of heavy chains is characterized by an unblocked amino-terminal residue7 and of the availability of automated sequencing techniques8, 9 to study this question in detail with additional heavy chain sequences.
TL;DR: At least part of the serum B 12 -binding protein appears to be derived from the neutrophil and from the eosinophil but little or none from the myeloblast.
TL;DR: Ethidium bromide, compared on a molar basis, was a more effective inhibitor of the DNA polymerases of the Rauscher and Moloney murine leukemia viruses than either 4-N-demethylrifampicin or 4- N-benzyldemethyl rifampsicin.
Abstract: Ethidium bromide, compared on a molar basis, was a more effective inhibitor of the DNA polymerases of the Rauscher and Moloney murine leukemia viruses than either 4-N-demethylrifampicin or 4-N-benzyldemethylrifampicin Daunomycin inhibited the polymerases weakly, and chromomycin A 3 inhibited almost not at all 4-N-Benzyldemethylrifampicin was a more active inhibitor than the 4-N-demethyl congener
TL;DR: It has been shown by Zipper et al. that a plastic T-shaped intrauterine device is much more effective in preventing pregnancies in women if its stem is encased by copper wire.
Abstract: Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) weigh less after removal from the human uterus due to interaction of metallic copper with various biological substrates. 400 sq. mm of electrolytic grade copper foil was placed in a mixture of .5 ml human uterine secretion and 2 ml of saline. After 18 h at 37.5 degrees C this material was lyzed and no longer viscous; a precipitate had formed and the copper strip was blackened. The cupric ionsconcentration in the solution was .0018 M. A similar incubation in 2.5 ml of saline alone yielded a cupric ion concentration of .00004 M. When the copper was incubated in a pH 8 buffer the corrosive action was slight as with saline. The amount of copper dissolved by the uterine secretion (1 ml/day) calculated for a 200 sq mm copper surface amounts to 60 mcg/day. When 1.8 ml of secretion was incubated with 400 sq mm without saline lysis was shown and a cupric ion concentration of .01 M resulted. Bovineserum albumin served as a model substrate. The rate of dissolution of copper increased with increasing salt and albumin concentration. Copper immersed in albumin solution became dull due to preciptated protein on its surface the portion of the strip extending into the air remained shiny but a thin line at the interface became black suggesting that oxygen plays a role in the dissolution process. When oxidized .01 M glutathione was incubated with copper cupric ions were formed; with reduced gluthathione only a slight reaction occurred indicating the disulfide bond is a critical group in the copper dissolution process by biological materials. Turbidity being a function of albumin concentration arises from the precipitation of albumin by cupric ions which can be reversed at high albumin concentrations suggesting once cupric ions are formed there is little competition for these ions. The finding that disulfide bonds oxidize metallic copper suggests ways by which the copper IUD might act: precititate albumin and change the uterine wall reduce stickiness of secretions lyse nucoid materials inactivate enzymes and kill sperm with cupric ions.
TL;DR: Biochemical studies show a significant increase in AChE activity in the dermomyotome by day 12, when many of the myoblasts are well differentiated and the second type of myotomal cell is prominent, which suggests that the enzyme may be a lyoesterase.
Abstract: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been studied in the myoblast of skeletal muscle of the 9–13 day fetal rabbit. Cytochemical activity is present in the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum, including its derivatives the subsurface reticulum and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. End product is also found in the Golgi complex of the more differentiated myoblasts. The formation of reticulum-bound acetylcholinesterase in the myoblast appears to be independent of nerve-muscle contact, since the enzyme is present before the outgrowth of the spinal nerve. The nerve lacks cytochemical end product until the myoblast is well differentiated. Possible mechanisms of spontaneous muscle contraction have been discussed. A second type of myotomal cell, which exhibits a poorly localized end product of AChE activity, has been described. The ready solubility of the enzyme or diffusibility of its end product suggests that the enzyme may be a lyoesterase. This cell may be the precursor of the morphologically undifferentiated cell which is closely apposed to the myotubes in later stages of skeletal muscle development. Biochemical studies show a significant increase in AChE activity in the dermomyotome by day 12, when many of the myoblasts are well differentiated and the second type of myotomal cell is prominent. Cytochemical studies have indicated that many of the cells in the sample lack reaction product of enzymic activity, whereas others are very active. Biochemical values, therefore, reflect the amount of enzyme in the dermomyotome as a whole, but give little information on the enzymic content of individual cells.
TL;DR: An unusual Gram-negative coccobacillus was isolated from the blood cultures of two patients, one with multiple myeloma and pneumonia, and the other, with bacterial endocarditis, but without a previous history of heart disease, responded to kanamycin therapy.
Abstract: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , an unusual Gram-negative coccobacillus, was isolated from the blood cultures of two patients. One patient with multiple myeloma and pneumonia was successfully treated with ampicillin. The other, with bacterial endocarditis, but without a previous history of heart disease, responded to kanamycin therapy. Endocarditis caused by this organism is frequently complicated by cerebral embolization. This bacterium may be overlooked in blood cultures because of its slow growth and requirement for 5% CO2 when subcultured on solid agar media.
TL;DR: A 32-yr-old black female with pure red cell aplasia and thymoma showed complete hematologic remission after thymectomy andAntierythropoietin completely neutralized the erythropoietic effect of these samples.
TL;DR: Encountered in spermatogonial cytoplasm and not in that of Sertoli cells were unique groupings of mitochondria having a very dense layer of intermitochondrial material suggesting an important relationship, possibly metabolic in nature.
TL;DR: It is concluded that a cellular immune mechanism is present in the host response to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and migration inhibition shown by leukocyte-migration inhibition is not demonstrated in response to adenocarcinoma.
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: It is emphasized that it is not necessarily the chromosomal breaks per se, but the mechanisms by which they arise, which are of the greatest interest and will ultimately yield information concerning chromosome structure and function (or malfunction).
Abstract: Numerous methods are available, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo aproaches, for obtaining chromosomal preparations of mammalian cells from various tissues. The problem confronting us is how best to utilize these cell systems to assay the possible mutagenic effects of exogenous agents as observed through cytological damage, and how to extract the maximum information from the test system. There are several obvious parameters in the classification of cytological or cytopathic damage, including effects on cell division and on chromosomal morphology and number. Additionally, a variety of types of agents are capable of inflicting such cellular damage including irradiation, viruses, some physical stimuli, and chemicals. The chemicals can be subdivided into those compounds affecting the biosynthesis of the informational macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and protein), antitumor agents, antibiotics, mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents, nitroso compounds, and a heterogenous miscellaneous group (Revell, 1953; Lea, 1955; Kihlman, 1961, 1966; Cohen and Shaw, 1965; Ostertag, 1966). It should be emphasized that it is not necessarily the chromosomal breaks per se, but the mechanisms by which they arise, which are of the greatest interest and will ultimately yield information concerning chromosome structure and function (or malfunction). Although chromosome breaks might appear morphologically identical, and their distribution among and within chromosomes similar, almost regardless of the inducing agent (Cohen and Shaw, 1965), it is probable that the various agents act through quite dissimilar mechanisms.
TL;DR: The use of this technique to detect Y chromosomes in the amniotic fluid cells, in conjunction with a search for sex chromatin bodies in these cells, might provide a rapid and accurate means of prenatal sex determination.
Abstract: A FLUORESCENT staining technique has been described1–3 for identification of the Y chromosome in cells from various sources. The use of this technique to detect Y chromosomes in the amniotic fluid cells, in conjunction with a search for sex chromatin bodies in these cells, might provide a rapid and accurate means of prenatal sex determination.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of the marriage contract, which has proved to be a useful clinical tool for clarification and treatment of troubled marriages, and present the contract concept employs both transactional and intra-psychic factors and facilitates therapeutic intervention at both levels.
Abstract: This article is intended to serve as an introduction to the concept of the marriage contract, which has proved to be a useful clinical tool for clarification and treatment of troubled marriages. Transactional as well as intrapsychic factors are important aspects of marital dynamics. The contract concept employs both these behavioral parameters and facilitates therapeutic intervention at both levels.
TL;DR: The relaxing effect of hypertonic solutions on vascular smooth muscle is more apparent in arteriolar than venular vessels.
TL;DR: This presentation summarizes available data on the physicochemical structure of IgE(PS) myeloma protein and the biological properties of this protein and structure-function relation of reaginic antibodies will be discussed by Ishizaka.
Abstract: A new class of immunoglobulins that carries reaginic antibody activity was designated IgE by 1shizaka.l Information on immunochemical and physicochemical characteristics of this immunoglobulin became available when it was found that an atypical myeloma protein(ND) described by Johansson and coworkers 3 is structurally related to this new class of immunoglobulins.3~ A second case of IgE myeloma (PS) was found in the United state^,^ and availability of this protein permitted further studies in vivo and in vitro. The biological properties of this protein and structure-function relation of reaginic antibodies will be discussed by Ishizaka.6 This presentation summarizes available data on the physicochemical structure of IgE(PS) myeloma protein.
TL;DR: An attempt was made to determine the origin of bone marrow fibroblasts which almost always appear when bone marrow aspirates and explants are grown on solid surfaces in tissue culture and the positive findings of the Ph-1 chromosome and C-group trisomy in a proportion of the fibro Blasts indicates that at least some leukemic bone marrow Fibroblast are derived from hemopoietic cells.