Showing papers by "Jaypee Institute of Information Technology published in 2010"

Remote sensing image registration techniques: a survey

Abstract: Image Registration is the first step towards using remote sensed images for any purpose Despite numerous techniques being developed for image registration, only a handful has proved to be useful for registration of remote sensing images due to their characteristic of being computationally heavy Recent flux in technology has prompted a legion of approaches that may suit divergent remote sensing applications This paper presents a comprehensive survey of such literatures including recently developed techniques

Corporate blogs as e-CRM tools – Building consumer engagement through content management

Abstract: Corporate Blogs are fast emerging as new organizational tools for marketing, building brand relationships and Customer Relationship Management. This study has been conducted to analyse the ability of an organization to use its Corporate Blog as an e-CRM tool. We attempt to study the impact of brand communication (content type and volume), hosted on an organizational blog, on its ability to induce consumer engagement. Organizations can build relationships with their prospective and current consumers through posts on a Corporate Blog, and encourage them to participate by commenting on the blog, thereby stimulating consumer engagement. The variation in the organizational objective behind hosting each post on the blog is used to categorize the content posted on the blog. An exploratory study enables us to deduce the importance of content typologies in building a relationship with the customer. We are able to identify three types of content typologies – Organizational, Promotional and Relational. We further observe that Relational content hosted by an organization is able to induce greater volumes of consumer engagement (measured in terms of number of consumer comments) than any other content typology. The analysis of dependency of consumer engagement on the volume of content posted by the organization indicates a positive correlation between number of posts and volume of comments.

Structural and optical properties of unannealed and annealed zno nanoparticles prepared by a chemical precipitation technique

Abstract: In this paper we report the structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnO nanocrystals synthesized by a facile chemical method. ZnO nanoparticles prepared by this method were investigated employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–Visible and Fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy. In order to study the effect of annealing on ZnO nanoparticles, we have analyzed pre- and post-annealed nanoparticles. It was observed that annealing treatment removes the impurities and consequently enhances the purity of ZnO nanoparticles without influencing their wurtzite phase. The absorption and excitation transitions occurring in annealed ZnO nanoparticles are similar to those in unannealed ZnO; however, some fluorescence emissions are altered. On the one hand, annealing assists in obtaining the pure ZnO nanoparticles without affecting their size and crystal structure; on the other hand channels of radiative combination are affected by the annealing process.

Face Recognition Using Principle Component Analysis, Eigenface and Neural Network

Abstract: Face is a complex multidimensional visual model and developing a computational model for face recognition is difficult. The paper presents a methodology for face recognition based on information theory approach of coding and decoding the face image. Proposed methodology is connection of two stages – Feature extraction using principle component analysis and recognition using the feed forward back propagation Neural Network. The algorithm has been tested on 400 images (40 classes). A recognition score for test lot is calculated by considering almost all the variants of feature extraction. The proposed methods were tested on Olivetti and Oracle Research Laboratory (ORL) face database. Test results gave a recognition rate of 97.018%

SVM classifier based feature selection using GA, ACO and PSO for siRNA design

Abstract: Recently there has been considerable interest in applying evolutionary and natural computing techniques for analyzing large datasets with large number of features In particular, efficacy prediction of siRNA has attracted a lot of researchers, because of large number of features involved In the present work, we have applied the SVM based classifier along with PSO, ACO and GA on Huesken dataset of siRNA features as well as on two other wine and wdbc breast cancer gene benchmark dataset and achieved considerably high accuracy and the results have been presented We have also highlighted the necessary data size for better accuracy in SVM for selected kernel Both groups of features (sequential and thermodynamic) are important in the efficacy prediction of siRNA The results of our study have been compared with other results available in the literature

A Novel Approach for Collaborative Pair Programming

Abstract: Introduction Engineering education accreditation agencies of US, UK, Australia, Japan, and Singapore have transformed their accreditation process from the traditional resource-based approach to outcome-based approach. Competencies such as ability to apply knowledge, design skills, problem solving skills, technical competence, ability to work in multidisciplinary teams, communication skills, sensitivity towards global, societal, and environmental issues, sensitivity towards ethical and professional issues, and readiness for lifelong learning have been identified as necessary (Goel 2006a). Goel (2006b) has classified core engineering and general professional competencies with reference to the requirements of Indian IT industry. Problem solving ability has been rated as the pivotal skill. Nine critical competencies include a mix of engineering and general professional skills. These are analysis/methodological skills, basic engineering proficiency, development know-how, teamwork skills, English language skills, presentation skills, practical engineering experience, leadership skills, and communication skills. Consequently, it is mandatory that all courses in engineering curricula should consciously and directly contribute towards the development of these competencies. Today, organizations have offices in multiple locations with teams interacting across various geographical sites, sometimes even in different time zones. Big software projects are divided across locations, and people across different sites are expected to combine their individual works to complete the project work. Further, programmers need to develop the ability to comprehend the programs developed by others and also to write programs that can be easily comprehended by other programmers. Increasing dependence on large amounts of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) makes it even more crucial. However, a serious shortcoming of the typical undergraduate engineering education process is neglecting to train students to work with other programmers. Usually in a four-year engineering course, collaborative effort and teamwork is done only in the later years, i.e., in the third and fourth year. Even then the collaboration is driven more by division of labor due to size rather than complexity. Many a times, the assignment or project is designed after forming the groups in the classroom, when the teacher knows the strength of a particular group. Such approaches do not necessarily develop teamwork skills. Researchers have felt the need for a way to facilitate students to work together with clearly defined boundaries (Cliburn, 2003). Collaborative learning focuses on the role of peer work for educational success. Vygotsky in his seminal social development theory proposed that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development (Goldfarb, 2001). One of key assumptions of Brunner's model of constructivist learning is a social enterprise (Driscoll, 2004). Pask's Conversation theory is founded on the idea that learning occurs through conversations with instructors or peers (Kutay, 2005). As per the social learning theory of Bandura, gaining insights into others' practices can be a valuable experience (Ladyshewsky & Ryan, 2002). Incorporating social learning theory into their experiment, these authors report that peer coaching provided the learners the benefits of enhanced knowledge, cognition, and metacognition. Lave and Wenger (1991) proposed situated learning theory on the central idea that learning involves a process of engagement in a 'community of practice.' From the perspective of this theory, learning is not seen as the acquisition of knowledge by individuals, but as a process of social participation (Smith, 2007). Dillenbourg (1999) elaborated on collaborative learning as follows: "... a situation in which particular forms of interaction among people are expected to occur, which would trigger learning mechanisms, but there is no guarantee that the expected interactions will actually occur. …

Purification of Protease from Pseudomonas thermaerum GW1 Isolated from Poultry Waste Site.

Abstract: An extracellular protease was purified from Pseudomonas thermaerum GW1 a new strain identified by morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing. It was isolated from soil of Poultry waste site at Ghazipur near Ghaziabad, Delhi. The strain produces extra cellular protease in the culture media that was maintained at 37°C, 140 rpm. The media was harvested for protease after 48 hrs of incubation at 37°C in basal media supplemented with 1% casein. We report 6.08 fold purification of enzyme following ammonium sulphate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 43,000 daltons as shown by casein zymography studies. The optimum pH for the proteolytic activity was pH 8.0 and enzyme remained stable between pH 5 -11 at 60°C. Interestingly Mn2+ (5mM) activated enzyme activity by 5 fold, while Cu2+, Mg2+and Ca2+ moderately activated enzyme activity, where as Zn2+, Fe2+ and Hg2+ inhibited enzyme activity. The protease produced was stable in presence of 50 % (v/v) ethylacetate and acetone. Isopropanol, methanol and benzene increased protease activity by 2.7, 1.3 and 1.1 fold respectively but was inhibited in presence of glycerol and DMSO. This organic solvent-stable protease could be used as a biocatalyst for enzymatic peptide synthesis

A performance analysis of objective video quality metrics for digital video watermarking

Abstract: Rapid growth in sharing information using internet technologies laid the threats of copyright protection for digital multimedia contents. One of the remedy for intellectual property protection is Watermarking. This paper deals with numerous available digital video watermarking techniques and raised the issue of quality and size of watermarked video. Through experimental study, it has been shown that available quality metrics like, Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Structural similarity index (SSIM) are incapable to deal efficiently to analyze the quality degradation but out of two it has been claimed that SSIM results are more accurate as it is closer to the results obtained during subjective quality analysis. Further, using available video watermarking tools, variation in size of video has been analyzed.

Real time object detection and tracking: Histogram matching and Kalman filter approach

Abstract: In this paper we present an approach to develop a real-time object tracking system using a static camera to grab the video frames and track an object. The work presents the concepts of histogram matching and absolute frame subtraction to implement a robust automated object tracking system. Once the object is detected it is tracked using discrete Kalman filter technique. The histogram matching algorithm proposed here helps to identify when the object enters the viewing range of the camera and the absolute frame subtraction gives better results even with low quality videos. Such a tracking system can be used in surveillance applications and proves to be cost effective.

Efficient quantum circuits for perfect and controlled teleportation of n-qubit non-maximally entangled states of generalized Bell-type

Abstract: An efficient and economical scheme is proposed for the perfect quantum teleportation of n-qubit non-maximally entangled state of generalized Bell-type. A Bell state is used as the quantum channel in the proposed scheme. It is also shown that the controlled teleportation of this n-qubit state can be achieved by using a GHZ state or a GHZ-like state as quantum channel. The proposed schemes are economical because for the perfect and controlled teleportation of n-qubit non-maximally entangled state of generalized Bell-type we only need a Bell state and a tripartite entangled state respectively. It is also established that there exists a family of 12 orthogonal tripartite GHZ-like states which can be used as quantum channel for controlled teleportation. The proposed protocols are critically compared with the existing protocols.

Recent developments in the study of higher order nonclassical states

Abstract: Our recent observations ort higher order nonclassicality are described. Recently we have shown that a generalized notion of higher order nonclassicality (in terms of higher order moments) can be introduced. Under this generalized framework of higher order nonclassicality, conditions of higher order squeezing and higher order subpoissonian photon statistics are derived. Further, with the help of simple density matrices, it is shown that the higher order antibunching (HOA) and higher order subpoissonian photon statistics (HOSPS) are not the manifestation of the same phenomenon and consequently it is incorrect to use the condition of HOA as a test of HOSPS. It is established that the HOA and HOSPS may exist even in absence of the corresponding lower order phenomenon. It is also shown that the potential sources of Single photon must satisfy the condition of HOA. Most of the intermediate states are shown to satisfy the criteria of HOA. A protocol for comparison of potential Single photon sources (SPS) is reported here and the protocol is used to compare some of the existing proposals of SPS. Further, it is shown that it is possible to derive an arbitrarily large number of criterion for higher order nonclassicality but all of them does not yield new and interesting information.

Evaluation of correlation properties of Orthogonal spreading codes for CDMA wireless mobile communication

Abstract: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is the predominant multiple access technology for future generation wireless systems The performance of CDMA based wireless systems is largely based on the characteristics of user specific spreading codes The objective of this paper is to highlight the various factors affecting the choice of these spreading codes and present a comparative evaluation of correlation properties of Orthogonal Gold codes, Orthogonal Golay complementary sequences and Walsh-Hadamard codes for application to next generation CDMA based wireless mobile systems

Architectural space planning using Genetic Algorithms

Abstract: This paper presents a system which can find out space planning for a single flat, arrangement of several flats on a single floor and extend the design for each floor and find out collective plan for a multi-storey apartment building. At each level it generates a plan which supports quick evacuation in case of adversity. Starting with design specifications in terms of constraints over spaces, use of Genetic Algorithm leads to a complete set of consistent conceptual design solutions named topological solutions. These topological solutions which do not presume any precise definitive dimension correspond to the sketching step that an architect carries out from the design specifications on a preliminary design phase in architecture. Further, door placement algorithm has been proposed with modifications in existing Dijkstra's algorithm and dimensions analysis is carried out for the designs selected by the user. If the user wishes to generate a plan for many floors, inputs are taken accordingly and plan is generated which is efficient in terms of evacuation.

Reversible cryptographic hardware with optimized quantum cost and delay

Abstract: In order to defend the power analysis attack reversible logic is a good candidate as it ideally does not dissipate any heat and today reversible logic is an emerging research area. In literature different designs for reversible hardware cryptography have been proposed but they have been implemented using complex gate libraries and further theorems have been proposed defining lower limit of implementation cost which is quantum cost. We have proposed novel designs for reversible ALU of a cryptoprocessor which have been implemented in standard gate library and the quantum cost reported here are better than the lower bounds reported in literature. Further we have calculated delay of the proposed designs. We have verified that our proposed designs are minimal with respect to gate count which is circuit cost by simulating it in RevKit. This is for the first time that the optimization algorithms to optimize quantum cost and delay have been applied to improvise on the cost metric in reversible ALU design.

Reversible Multiplier Circuit

Abstract: Multiplier circuits play an important role in reversible computation, which is helpful in diverse areas such as low power CMOS design, optical computing, DNA computing and bioinformatics. We have proposed a reversible multiplier circuit design in NCT gate library which is based on generating all partial products in one step and then summing their partial products using binary tree network. The proposed reversible multiplier design has two components which are reversible partial product generation circuit and reversible parallel adder circuit. Our design has minimum number of garbage bits, gate count, and quantum cost. We have shown that the HNG, TSG and MKG gates proposed for designing of a component of multiplier circuit (full adder) is neither unique nor special and many such gates may be proposed which can also perform all boolean operations. As an example three such new gates have been presented here.

A comparison of two algorithms for automated stone detection in clinical B-mode ultrasound images of the abdomen

Abstract: Ultrasound (US) imaging is an indispensible technique for detection of abdominal stones which are a serious health hazard. Segmentation of stones from abdominal ultrasound images presents a unique challenge because these images contain strong speckle noise and attenuated artifacts. In clinical situations where a large number of stones must be identified, traditional methods such as manual identification become tedious and lack reproducibility too. The necessity of obtaining high reproducibility and the need to increase efficiency motivates the development of automated and fast procedures that segment out stones of all sizes and shapes in medical images by applying image segmentation techniques. In this paper we present and compare two fully automatic and unsupervised methods for robust stone detection in B-mode ultrasound images of the abdomen. Our approaches are based on the marker controlled watershed segmentation, along with some pre-processing and post-processing procedures that eliminate the inherent problems associated with medical ultrasound images. The first algorithm (Algorithm I) utilizes the advantage of the Speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) technique, along with unsharp filtering and histo- gram equalization for removal of speckle noise, and the second algorithm (Algorithm II) is based on the log decompression model which too serves as a tool for minimization of speckle. Experimental results obtained from processing a set of 50 ultrasound images ensure the robustness of both the proposed algorithms. Comparative results of both the algorithms based on efficiency and relative error in stone area have been provided.

Anomaly Detection in network traffic and role of wavelets

Abstract: Network Anomaly Detection covers wide area of research. Current best practices for identifying and diagnosing traffic anomalies consist of visualizing traffic from different perspectives and identifying anomalies from prior experience. Different tools have been developed to automatically generate alerts to failures, but to automate the anomaly identification process remains a challenge. Recently, Signal Processing techniques have found applications in Network Intrusion Detection System because of their ability in detecting novel intrusions and attacks, which cannot be achieved by signature-based detection systems. Visualization techniques are ways of creating and handling graphical representations of data. This survey explains the main techniques known in the field of Statistical based and Wavelet based anomaly detection approaches and focuses on the role of data traffic visualization tools in network traffic anomaly detection.

A Novel Approach to Generate Test Cases Using Class and Sequence Diagrams

Abstract: It is very important in today’s highly dynamic environment with changing requirements to develop test plan at each stage of the Software Development Life Cycle Owing to the ever changing requirements, adequate updation in the requirement specifications is unavoidable Due to lack of proper updation in the requirements, inconsistencies creep up Research shows that number of software fail on account of these inconsistencies because proper testing is not possible on archaic requirements Further, the increasing complexity of the projects make manual testing impossible This calls for automatic testing of specifications to keep a check on the inconsistencies Most of the earlier approaches to testing specifications use intermediate forms that makes automation difficult In this paper, we will present a novel approach to automatic test case generation that integrates information from UML class and sequence diagrams and at the same time does not use any intermediate form Users input the diagram information in the form of XMI files These files are processed to extract the environment variables from the class diagrams and test sequences from sequence diagram and finally generate the test cases by applying Robustness Testing on the test sequence generated Thus we avoid the intermediate forms as well as make automation an easier task

A Conceptual Framework for Flexible Marketing System

Abstract: Flexibility plays a central role in the survival and success of organization in today’s fast changing environment, which has been recognized by many authors in management theory. This paper is an attempt to give a conceptual framework for ‘flexible marketing system’. Using the literature and experts opinion, the author has tried to give a comprehensive, systematic and structured approach towards a hypothetical organizations with flexible marketing system in place, which will have concern to sense shifting customer demands, anticipating competition moves and adjusting the firms marketing efforts to maximize returns while minimizing risk. The paper concludes by explaining the benefit of adopting flexible marketing system approach to become a highly successful organization. Benefits to such an organization will include — possession of trained executives on market sensing techniques, smooth flow of information, adequate IT system and its implementation, and fast decision making and overall job satisfaction for employees.

Concentric circle mapping based PTS for PAPR reduction in OFDM without side information

Abstract: A major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which necessitates the use of expensive power amplifiers with a large operating range Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is one of the existing techniques to reduce PAPR but it requires side information (SI) to be transmitted with data signal, which results in data rate loss We propose a new PTS technique which involves a mapping of quaternary data over concentric circles This method does not require SI and allows simplified decoding It also provides better SER performance with good PAPR reduction

Content management system : Comparative case study

Abstract: In this paper, the various features essential for a content management system are explored. This includes a comparison of various open source CMS, their features and a conclusion on improvements that will be made in order to alleviate problems. Our aim was to find out the best available open source CMS and implement it for our website. For this we conducted a study on 13 java based open source CMS available taking into account 29 features like the technology used for creation of the CMS and features like anti plagiarism, Digital Asset Management(DAM), etc. for user convenience.

A comparative study of thresholding techniques for image denoising

Abstract: This paper is a comparative study of four different thresholding techniques for image denoising in wavelet domain. The methods compared are Visual Shrink, Normal or Bayesian Shrink, Neighbor Shrink and Modified Neighbor Shrink. Visual and Normal Shrink are independent of window size whereas other two shrinks are dependent on window size. To benchmark against the best possible denoising technique four techniques have been compared. In this paper we have presented a more practical, implementation oriented work for the extensive theoretical and algorithmic work presented in the literature.

Performance comparison of three artificial neural network methods for classification of electroencephalograph signals of five mental tasks

Abstract: In this paper, performance of three classifiers for classification of five mental tasks were investigated. Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) was used for feature extraction of the relevant frequency bands from raw Electroencephalograph (EEG) signal. The three classifiers namely used were Multilayer Back propagation Neural Network, Support Vector Machine and Radial Basis Function Neural Network. In MLP-BP NN five training methods used were a) Gradient Descent Back Propagation b) Levenberg-Marquardt c) Resilient Back Propagation d) Conjugate Learning Gradient Back Propagation and e) Gradient Descent Back Propagation with movementum.

Optically implementable designs of reversible sequential devices

Abstract: We have proposed some new designs of reversible sequential circuits using NCT gate library and compared them with the earlier proposals. It has been shown that the present proposals have lower gate complexities and lower number of garbage bits compared to the earlier proposals. We have addressed some conceptual issues related to the feedback and the choice of gate library. Further it is shown that the proposed quantum / reversible circuits can be implemented optically.

On the Distribution of Current on an Open Tape Helix

Abstract: The approximate distribution of the current density induced on the tape surface by guided electromagnetic waves supported by an inflnite open tape helix is estimated from an exact solution of a homogenous boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations. It is shown that the magnitude of the surface current density component perpendicular to the winding direction is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the surface current density component parallel to the winding direction everywhere on the tape surface. Also, the magnitude and phase distribution for the surface current density components parallel and perpendicular to the winding direction are seen to be nearly uniform at all frequencies corresponding to real values of the propagation constant.

Reduction of Signal Overshoots in High-Speed Interconnects Using Adjacent Ground Tracks

Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel computational model that uses ground tracks adjacent to the interconnect line for alleviation of signal overshoots. It is found that the adjacent ground tracks inc...

High AU content: a signature of upregulated miRNA in cardiac diseases.

Abstract: MicroRNAs have been implicated for the regulation of gene expression. These miRNA are a class of single stranded non coding RNAs, formed from endogenous transcripts and measure typically about 19-25 nucleotides in length. They are important regulators of the various biological and metabolic functions taking place in humans. Many miRNAs show tissue specific expression. Human heart is a complex organ which during various diseased and developed conditions shows differential expression of miRNA. Here, we overview the recent findings on miRNA in cardiac diseases and report the presence of high AU content in differentially expressed miRNA in developed and diseased condition of heart as compared to all the miRNA present in the human. A total of 905 human miRNA sequences taken from miRBase were computationally analyzed. Trend analysis was performed to study the influence of positional frequency of the nucleotides. This study will help us in understanding the significance of AU rich elements in miRNA during the development of cardiac diseases.

Performance comparison of neural network training methods based on wavelet packet transform for classification of five mental tasks

Abstract: In this study, performances comparison to discriminate five mental states of five artificial neural network (ANN) training methods were investigated. Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) was used for feature extraction of the relevant frequency bands from raw electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The five ANN training methods used were (a) Gradient Descent Back Propagation (b) Levenberg-Marquardt (c) Resilient Back Propagation (d) Conjugate Learning Gradient Back Propagation and (e) Gradient Descent Back Propagation with movementum.