Showing papers by "Mississippi State University published in 1994"

Using MPI: Portable Parallel Programming with the Message-Passing Interface

Abstract: This book offers a thoroughly updated guide to the MPI (Message-Passing Interface) standard library for writing programs for parallel computers Since the publication of the previous edition of Using MPI, parallel computing has become mainstream Today, applications run on computers with millions of processors; multiple processors sharing memory and multicore processors with multiple hardware threads per core are common The MPI-3 Forum recently brought the MPI standard up to date with respect to developments in hardware capabilities, core language evolution, the needs of applications, and experience gained over the years by vendors, implementers, and users This third edition of Using MPI reflects these changes in both text and example code The book takes an informal, tutorial approach, introducing each concept through easy-to-understand examples, including actual code in C and Fortran Topics include using MPI in simple programs, virtual topologies, MPI datatypes, parallel libraries, and a comparison of MPI with sockets For the third edition, example code has been brought up to date; applications have been updated; and references reflect the recent attention MPI has received in the literature A companion volume, Using Advanced MPI, covers more advanced topics, including hybrid programming and coping with large data

Predicting protein crystallization from a dilute solution property

Abstract: A dilute solution parameter obtained from static light-scattering measurements is proposed as a predictor for protein crystallization experiments. The osmotic second virial coefficients, B22, have been measured for a variety of proteins in solvents that are known to promote crystallization and the values for B22 were found to lie within a fairly narrow range which we refer to as a crystallization slot. Solution conditions which were known not to favor crystallization of the proteins resulted in B22 values well outside the crystallization slot.

Models of organization and total quality management: a comparison and critical evaluation

Abstract: Total quality management (TQM) is examined in relation to the mechanistic, organismic, and cultural models of organization in an effort to bridge the gap between TQM practice and management theory. These models provide diverse analogues for explaining the management of organizations and highlight different issues concerning the practice of TQM. The article also suggests that research on TQM practice has potential to expand the understanding of these management models.

Resolving the paradox of conflict, strategic decision making, and organizational performance

Abstract: Strategic decision making influences organizational performance. However, close examination of this relationship reveals a subtle paradox. It appears that the products of strategic decision making, all of which are necessary for enhanced organizational performance, do not peacefully coexist. Conflict seems to be the crux of this conundrum. As such, a better understanding of conflict's effects on strategic decision making is needed This paper integrates a multidimensional conceptualization of conflict Into a model of strategic decision making and organizational performance and develops propositions to guide empirical study of the effects of conflict on strategic decision making.

Effects of Hispanic Ethnic Identification on Marital Roles in the Purchase Decision Process

Abstract: The research reported in this article investigated the relationship between Hispanic ethnic identification and marital roles as couples proceed through the purchase decision process. Significant differences were found among the Hispanic ethnic identification groups in most of the decision stages for a variety of product categories, even after the effects of social class and length of marriage were removed. The findings of this study revealed a significant positive relationship between ethnic identification and husband dominance in decision making. However, because ethnic identification and product class interact with role specialization and relative influence in decision making, generalizations cannot be made about Hispanic marital roles in the decision-making process. Furthermore, the effect of ethnic identification on marital roles in decision making interacts with the phase of the purchase decision process.

Alumni Contributions to Academics

Abstract: . The effect of intercollegiate athletics on alumni contributions to the academic endowment of an institution is analyzed empirically. Using time series data from a representative National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I university, a contribution function is estimated which incorporates various measures of success in the major sports programs. After controlling for the population of alumni, student enrollment, state appropriations, and per capita income, the results indicate that contributions are positively related to the overall winning percentage of the intercollegiate sports program. Post season play is not found to be a significant determinant of donations to academics while television appearances are positively related to contributions. The results also suggest that sanctions imposed by the NCAA for rules violation may slightly reduce contributions to academics.

Reconsidering strain theory: Operationalization, rival theories, and adult criminality

Abstract: Recently a revisionist view of strain theory's empirical adequacy has emerged which holds that the theory's explanatory power depends on how it is operationalized. With an adult community sample, we empirically assess three separate measures of strain to explain self-reported crime: the gap between aspirations and expectations, blocked opportunities, and relative deprivation. The findings reveal that the aspirations-expectations measure is not related to criminal involvement, while perceived blocked opportunities and feelings of relative deprivation significantly affect adult offending. These relationships, however, fail to persist after measures from competing theories (i.e., low self-control, differential association, and social bond) are introduced as controls in the regression equations. Thus, measures from rival theories offer a more fruitful approach to explaining self-reported adult offending.

Experimental verification of a delay compensation algorithm for integrated communication and control systems

Abstract: Advances in the technology of complex control systems demand high-speed and reliable communications between the individual components and subsystems for decision making and control. This can be accomplished by integrated communication and control systems which use asynchronous time-division-multiplexed networks. Unfortunately, these networks introduce randomly varying distributed delays as a result of time-division multiplexing. A predictor-controller algorithm has been developed with the objective of mitigating the detrimental effects of the network-induced delays that are distributed between the sensor(s), controller and actuator(s) within a control loop. This paper presents the implementation and verification of the above delay compensation algorithm. Performance of the delay compensator has been experimentally verified on an IEEE 802.4 network testbed for velocity control of a d.c. servomotor.

Winter Survival of Age‐0 Largemouth Bass Relative to Size, Predators, and Shelter

Abstract: Winter mortality of age-0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides is sometimes size dependent, with smaller fish experiencing higher mortality. We conducted this study to determine if the presence of predators influenced winter mortality of young largemouth bass, if predators influenced all sizes of young equally, and if increased shelter availability moderated a possible relation between predator-induced mortality and fish size, We stocked 0.06-ha experimental ponds with largemouth bass (30 fish/pond) of five length groups (55–100, 101–125, 126–150, 151–175, and 176–200 mm total length), with and without predators (three largemouth bass 250–350 mm long), and four levels of shelter (0, 10, 16, and 26% brush coverage of surface area of ponds). In ponds without shelter, survival ranged from 10 to 97% in the presence of predators and from 77 to 93% in the absence of predators. Fish less than 126 mm long had gradually lower survival in the presence of predators, but near 80% survival in the absence of ...

Use of Plant Proteins in Catfish Feeds: Replacement of Soybean Meal with Cottonseed Meal and Replacement of Fish Meal with Soybean Meal and Cottonseed Meal

Abstract: Plant protein sources were evaluated in 32% protein grow-out feeds for channel catfish (initial weight: 180 g/fish) stocked at high densities (24,700 fish/ha) in 0.04 ha earthen ponds. Each of the eight practical-type feeds was assigned for five replicate ponds. The fish were fed to satiation once daily for 170 d. Specifically, cottonseed meal and cottonseed meal plus supplemental lysine were evaluated as replacements for soybean meal. Soybean meal, a combination of soybean meal and cottonseed meal, or a combination of soybean meal and cottonseed meal plus supplemental lysine were evaluated as a substitute for animal protein sources. Based on weight pin, feed conversion ratio, body composition, percentage visceral fat, and dressed yield, the data indicated that cottonseed meal plus lysine can be used as a total substitute for soybean meal in catfish feeds. However, it is not recommended that more than 30% cottonseed meal be used in catfish feeds until additional data are available on the effects of gossypol on reproduction in catfish. Also, data indicated that plant proteins can be used as a total replacement for animal protein without detrimental effects. Reduced weight gain was observed in fish fed a feed that contained 68% of the established available lysine requirement. However, fish fed feeds estimated to contain only 76 or 82% of the available lysine requirement did not show reduced weight gain. This suggests that lysine may be more highly available from cottonseed meal than previously estimated, or that natural food organisms in the pond contributed nutrients including lysine, or that fish were able to consume enough of the marginally deficient feeds to meet their requirement for lysine. This study was conducted with large catfish fed a 32% protein feed to satiation once daily. If smaller fish, a lower protein fed, or a restricted feeding regimen had been used, the results may have been different.

Influence of Dietary Neosugar on Selected Bacterial Groups of the Human Faecal Microbiota

Abstract: Despite an increasing awareness of the relationships between the intestinal microbiota and health, there are few definitive guidelines about dietary interventions to adventitiously influence species composition of the microbiota. Therefore, standard microbiological methods were used to determine changes in the abundance of selected bacteria in anaerobic faecal samples from ten adult human volunteers who consumed 4 g of neosugar, a mixture of short-chain fructooligosaccharides, daily for 2 wks. The diet was not otherwise controlled. Total anaerobic counts increased or remained relatively stable in nine subjects. The percentage of total bacteria counts represented by aerobes increased over ten-fold, but enterics declined by over 90 per cent (from 2.3 per cent to <0.2 per cent). Although bifidobacteria increased from 1.3 per cent to 6.8 per cent of the total bacteria, there was wide individual variation in responses; bifidobacteria were not detected in two subjects at either date (<10 4 colony forming units/g faeces). Lactobacilli increased in six of the subjects, but were not a significant component of the microbiota at either date (<0.0001 per cent). Individual variation in responses to supplemental neosugar are probably caused by differences in diet, initial microbiota, and environmental conditions. The results demonstrate that supplementing the diet with neosugar influences the relative abundances of selected bacteria with some of the changes consistent with those considered advantageous. Keywords - Fructooligosaccharide, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Enterics, Anaerobes, Aerobes.

Nutritional requirements, feed formulation, and feeding practices for intensive culture of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Abstract: Research results concerning nutrition of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and applicability to the production of feed for intensive culture are presented. Future research approaches are recommended and comparisons to the nutrition of penaeid shrimp species are provided. Quantitative requirements of essential amino acids for M. rosenbergii are undefined; however, arginine, methionine, and lysine are suspected as being the first limiting amino acids in commercially formulated feeds. The proportion of each essential amino acid in the tissue of shrimp provides a good guideline for the determination of dietary requirements. Optimal dietary protein: energy ratios in shrimp feeds appear to be dependent on the ability to digest carbohydrates. The digestibility of potential protein sources in commercial feeds needs to be evaluated through in vitro studies using natural enzyme extracts. Levels of lipids in freshwater prawn diets can be as low as 2% if sufficient dietary energy is available an...

Enteric septicemia resistance in blue catfish and three channel catfish strains

Abstract: Seven full-sib families in each of three strains of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (mean weight, 10.7 g; SD, 2.6 g) and one family of blue catfish I. furcatus (mean, 10.9 g; SD, 0.4 g) were challenged by immersion with the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia, to evaluate variation in disease resistance. Blue catfish were resistant to infection and had only 0.7% mortality. Significant (P < 0.001) variation in channel catfish resistance was found among strains, families, and body weights. Red River strain channel catfish were the most resistant (14.9% mortality), followed by Mississippi-select fish (67.1%) and Mississippi-normal fish (72.3%). Mean family mortality of channel catfish ranged from 1.3% in a Red River family to 95.3% in a Mississippi-select family. Although weight had a significant effect on survival, the regression slope of survival on weight was −0.10 (SE, 0.02). Sources of variation in channel catfish mortality adjusted for weight were 67....

Carbon allocation to root and shoot systems of woody plants.

Abstract: Carbon allocation to roots is of widespread and increasing interest due to a growing appreciation of the importance of root processes to whole-plant physiology and plant productivity. Carbon (C) allocation commonly refers to the distribution of C among plant organs (e.g., leaves, stems, roots); however, the term also applies to functional categories within organs such as defense, injury, repair and storage (Mooney, 1972). It also includes C consumed by roots in maintenance respiration and nutrient uptake (Lambers, 1987). In this paper we will use the terms “C allocation,” “C partitioning,” and “component biomass accumulation” (i.e., leaf, stem and root biomass) according to the process-based definitions of Dickson (1989), and Isebrands and Dickson (1991). C allocation is the process of distribution of C within the plant to different parts (i.e., source to “sink”). C partitioning is the process of C flow into and among different chemical fractions (i.e., different molecules, different storage and transport pools). Biomass component accumulation is the end product of the process of C accumulation at a specific sink. In the present review, allocation, partitioning and distribution will be relative terms (e.g., percent of total), whereas growth and accumulation will reflect absolute size (e.g., dry weight, moles of C, etc.).

Repellent properties of the host compound 4-allylanisole to the southern pine beetle

Abstract: The phenylpropanoid 4-allylanisole is a compound produced by loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.), an abundant species in southern pine forests and a preferred host of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann). Repellency of individual beetles was demonstrated in laboratory behavioral assays ofD. frontalis and other scolytids. Inhibition was demonstrated in natural populations ofD. frontalis using baited traps. In both tests, response to the inhibitory pheromone verbenone was used for comparison. In the laboratory, a higher proportion of newly emerged and reemergedD. frontalis responded negatively to 4-allylanisole than to verbenone. However, fewer reemergent than newly emerged individuals responded to either compound. In all field trials, the response ofD. frontalis to its attractant pheromone in funnel traps was significantly reduced by simultaneous release of 4-allylanisole. In most trials total reduction did not differ from verbenone; however, unlike verbenone, 4-allylanisole reduced male and female catches proportionally. Both compounds together did not significantly further reduce trap catch. The response of a major predator,Thanasimus dubius (F.), to the attractant pheromone ofD. frontalis, did not differ with the simultaneous release of either verbenone or 4-allylanisole. The results of preliminary field applications are presented and discussed.

Olfactory reception of potential pheromones and plant odors by tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae).

Abstract: Olfactory reception of potential pheromones and host-plant odors by male and female tarnished plant bugs (TPBs),Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), was investigated by utilizing electroantennogram (EAG) techniques. In general, EAGs were similar between the sexes. Among 31 compounds of seven chemical groups tested, insect-produced butyrates and host-plant-containing green leaf volatiles (GLVs) were the most active. Hexyl butyrate and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate elicited greater EAGs in males than in females. Females responded with significantly greater EAGs to alcohol and aldehyde GLVs than to their acetate derivatives. Among GLVs, sexual dimorphism was also observed in response to (E)-2-hexenol and (E)-2-hexenal. Females were more sensitive to the monoterpene geraniol than were males. While nonanal was the most stimulatory compound tested, no sexual differences in EAGs to this compound were observed. These studies reveal olfactory receptors on TPB antennae responsive to insect and host-plant volatiles that are likely to play a role in host finding and sexual attraction.

Effects of Salinity on Freshwater Fishes in Coastal Plain Drainages in the Southeastern U.S.

Abstract: This review focuses on the influence of salinity on freshwater fishes in coastal rivers and estuaries of the southeastern U.S. Influences of salinity on freshwater fish species can be explained partly through responses evidenced by behavior, physiology, growth, reproduction, and food habits during all aspects of life history. Factors influencing the rate of salinity change affect the community structure and dynamics of freshwater fishes in brackish environments. Our understanding of the relation between salinity and the life history of freshwater fishes is limited because little ecological research has been conducted in low‐salinity habitats that we consider an “interface”; between freshwater streams and the estuary proper. Much of the available data are descriptive in nature and describe best general patterns, but more specific studies are required to better determine the influence of salinity on freshwater fishes. Improved understanding of the influence of human‐induced changes on the productiv...

Extending the message passing interface (MPI)

Abstract: MPI is the de facto message passing standard for multicomputers and networks of workstations, established by the MPI Forum, a group of universities, research centers, and national laboratories (from both the United States and Europe), as well as multi-national vendors in the area of high performance computing. MPI has been implemented already by several groups. Worldwide acceptance of MPI has been quite rapid. This paper overviews several areas in which MPI can be extended, discusses the merits of making such extensions, and begins to demonstrate how some of these extensions can be made. In some areas, such as intercommunicator extensions, significant progress has been made by us already. In other areas (such as remote memory access), we are merely proposing extensions to MPI that we have not yet reduced to practice. Furthermore, we point out that other researchers are evidently working in parallel with us on their own extension concepts for MPI. >

A New Procedure for Simulating Unsteady Flows Through Turbomachinery Blade Passages

Abstract: This paper outlines the development of two new unsteady wake-blade row aerodynamic interaction models and a rotor-stator unsteady aerodynamic interaction model. These flow models take, as input, solutions from Adamczyk’s average-passage flow model to provide an initial guess as to the transport of vortical, entropic and potential disturbances through a blade row. The response to these disturbances is calculated using an unsteady code known as MSUTC. This code solves the full Reynolds-averaged form of the Navier-Stokes equations using a modified Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. The code can run with and without the use of wall functions. The solver is an implicit finite volume scheme with flux Jacobians evaluated by flux-vector splitting and residual fluxes by Roe’s flux-difference splitting. A series of simulations will show that the CPU time for all three models is nearly two orders of magnitude faster than current rotor-stator numerical simulation models. In addition, because of the numerical efficiency of the models, routine execution of numerical experiments for gaining insight into the flow processes controlling turbomachinery blade row performance become practical.Copyright © 1994 by ASME