Showing papers by "Mott MacDonald published in 2006"
TL;DR: In this paper, the benefits of compressive membrane action (CMA) on concrete slabs with both steel and GFRP reinforcement with varied end conditions were evaluated. And the results showed that CMA would provide a viable alternative to steel reinforcement.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, alternative future scenarios for Great Britain in the year 2030 and the implications these have for travel demand and transport provision are explored. But the authors do not consider the impact of road charging on travel demand.
48 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the bidding process can be an unequal struggle between large consortia and inexperienced clients that may result in a wasted opportunity to obtain the optimum design and price and the additional cost of premises procured in the above manner.
33 citations
TL;DR: The surfactant/water partition ratios for phenylamine in the flocculates formed during adsorptive micellar flocculation (AMF) are found to be around four to five times higher than the ratios reported in the literature for micelle enhanced ultra filtration, suggesting that highly soluble organic compounds present in acidic form in aqueous solution are strong candidates for removal by adsorption.
11 citations
30 Nov 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a strategy for voltage and reactive power control of an autonomous industrial power system including distributed generators and loads is presented based on time-domain simulations and aims to define the main functions for the power management system (PMS) that will govern the operation of the power system.
Abstract: A strategy for voltage and reactive power control of an autonomous industrial power system including distributed generators and loads is presented. The investigation is based on time-domain simulations and aims to define the main functions for the power management system (PMS) that will govern the operation of the power system. Inter-bus transformers (IBTs) are used to limit the fault level but will affect the sharing of the total load reactive power between distributed generators. Generator AVR and on-load tap changing of the IBTs, both supervised by the PMS, are used together to regulate the local load voltages and at the same time to allow reactive power flow through the IBTs for the purpose of equalised sharing. A coordinated strategy is obtained. The knowledge gained from this study can be useful in future cases.
10 citations
11 Dec 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline the load flow, short-circuit, transient stability and harmonic studies typically undertaken as part of the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) of such a system.
Abstract: The process requirements of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants demand a high level of reliability from the supporting electrical power system. Extensive power system studies are required to confirm that the proposed electrical system meets the stringent design requirements. This paper outlines the load-flow, short-circuit, transient-stability and harmonic studies typically undertaken as part of the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) of such a system. Studies confirm the rating of key equipment in the system SLD, ensure that the proposed circuit breaker ratings are adequate and confirm that the dynamic performance of the system is satisfactory. Studies are repeated as the design process proceeds to ensure the delivery of a reliable power system.
5 citations
TL;DR: Using the conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy, a theoretical analysis of buoyancy driven flow and heat transfer for a ventilated control-volume, with an internal heat-source, has been made as discussed by the authors.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the seismic response of residential structures was investigated using physical modeling, where idealised soft storey and top heavy, two degrees of freedom (2DOF) portal frame structures were developed and tested on saturated and dry sand models at 25 g using the Schofield Centre 10m Beam Centrifuge.
Abstract: Residential RC framed structures suffered heavily during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India. These types of structures also saw severe damage in other earthquakes such as the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake in Turkey and 921 Ji-Ji earthquake in Taiwan. In this paper the seismic response of residential structures was investigated using physical modelling. Idealised soft storey and top heavy, two degrees of freedom (2DOF) portal frame structures were developed and tested on saturated and dry sand models at 25 g using the Schofield Centre 10-m Beam Centrifuge. It was possible to recreate observed field behaviour using these models. As observed in many of the recent earthquakes, soft storey structures were found to be particularly vulnerable to seismic loads. Elastic response spectra methods are often used in the design of simple portal frame structures. The seismic risk of these structures can be significantly increased due to modifications such as removal of a column or addition of heavy water tanks on the roof. The experimental data from the dynamic centrifuge tests on such soft storey or top-heavy models was used to evaluate the predictions obtained from the response spectra. Response spectra were able to predict seismic response during small to moderate intensity earthquakes, but became inaccurate during strong earthquakes and when soil structure interaction effects became important. Re-evaluation of seismic risk of such modified structures is required and time domain analyses suggested by building codes such as IBC, UBC or NEHRP may be more appropriate.
3 citations
01 Sep 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the load-flow, short-circuit, transient-stability and harmonic studies typically undertaken as part of the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) of such a system are illustrated using an LNG liquefaction plant.
Abstract: Extensive power system studies are required to confirm that the proposed electrical systems for new build industrial and petrochemical plants satisfy stringent design requirements. This paper outlines the load-flow, short-circuit, transient-stability and harmonic studies typically undertaken as part of the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) of such a system. These are illustrated using as an example an LNG liquefaction plant. Studies confirm the rating of key equipment in the system SLD, ensure that circuit breaker ratings are adequate and confirm that the dynamic performance of the system is satisfactory. Studies are repeated as the design process proceeds to ensure the delivery of a reliable power system.
2 citations
TL;DR: Three tables will enable other researchers to characterize quickly and quantitatively the geometry of lophophore shapes and arrangements in the colonial meshworks of extinct organisms, and will add quantitative measures of soft-tissue characteristics of extinct modular organisms to the already existing morphometric characterizations of hard-Tissue skeletal aspects of colonial meshwork.
Abstract: Geometric models for the reconstuction of soft-tissue lophophore shape and arrangement have been designed for extinct fenestrate bryozoans (Starcher and McGhee, 2000) and for extinct fenestrate graptolites (Starcher and McGhee, 2003). We wish to add the material given in the following three tables as an addendum to our paper in the March 2003 issue of the Journal of Paleontology. These tables will enable other researchers to characterize quickly and quantitatively the geometry of lophophore shapes and arrangements in the colonial meshworks of extinct organisms, and will add quantitative measures of soft-tissue characteristics of extinct modular organisms to the already existing morphometric characterizations of hard-tissue skeletal aspects of colonial meshworks (Hageman, 1991; Holdener, 1994; Hageman et al., 1998 …
1 citations