Showing papers by "Narula Institute of Technology published in 2018"

IoT Based Intelligent Agriculture Field Monitoring System

Abstract: Agriculture is becoming an important growing sector throughout the world due to increasing population. Major challenge in agriculture sector is to improve farm productivity and quality of farming without continuous manual monitoring to meet the rapidly growing demand for food. Apart from increasing population, the climate change is also a big concern in agricultural sector. The purpose of this research work is to propose a smart farming method based on Internet of Things (IoT) to deal with the adverse situations. The smart farming can be adopted which offer high precision crop control, collection of useful data and automated farming technique. This work presents an intelligent agriculture field monitoring system which monitors soil humidity and temperature. After processing the sensed data it takes necessary action based on these values without human intervention. Here temperature and moisture of the soil are measured and these sensed values are stored in ThingSpeak [11] cloud for future data analysis.

Performance Evaluation of Digital Comparator Using Different Logic Styles

Abstract: In the present scenario, low power, speed, and size play a significant role specifically in the field of digital VLSI circuits. The major goal of this paper is to design and implement a dig...

A multiple-criteria algorithm for smart parking: making fair and preferred parking reservations in smart cities

Abstract: Smart cities are struggling with using public space efficiently and decreasing pollution at the same time. For this governments have embraced smart parking initiatives, which should result in a high utilization of public space and minimization of the driving, in this way reducing the emissions of cars. Yet, simply opening data about the availability of public spaces results in more congestions as multiple cars might be heading for the same parking space. In this work, we propose a Multiple Criteria based Parking space Reservation (MCPR) algorithm, for reserving a space for a user to deal with parking space in a fair way. Users' requirements are the main driving factor for the algorithm and used as criteria in MCPR. To evaluate the algorithm, simulations for three set of user preferences were made. The simulation results show that the algorithm satisfied the users' request fairly for all the three preferences. The algorithm helps users automatically to find a parking space according to the users' requirements. The algorithm can be used in a smart parking system to search for a parking space on behalf of user and send parking space information to the user.

QCA Gray Code Converter Circuits Using LTEx Methodology

Abstract: The Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is the prominent paradigm of nanotechnology considered to continue the computation at deep sub-micron regime. The QCA realizations of several multilevel circuit of arithmetic logic unit have been introduced in the recent years. However, as high fan-in Binary to Gray (B2G) and Gray to Binary (G2B) Converters exist in the processor based architecture, no attention has been paid towards the QCA instantiation of the Gray Code Converters which are anticipated to be used in 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit or even more bit addressable machines of Gray Code Addressing schemes. In this work the two-input Layered T module is presented to exploit the operation of an Exclusive-OR Gate (namely LTEx module) as an elemental block. The “defect-tolerant analysis” of the two-input LTEx module has been analyzed to establish the scalability and reproducibility of the LTEx module in the complex circuits. The novel formulations exploiting the operability of the LTEx module have been proposed to instantiate area-delay efficient B2G and G2B Converters which can be exclusively used in Gray Code Addressing schemes. Moreover this work formulates the QCA design metrics such as O-Cost, Effective area, Delay and Cost α for the n-bit converter layouts.

ZnS Quantum Dots Based Voltage-Sensing Light-Emitting Device

Abstract: This article reports the synthesis of ZnS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone matrix via a simple chemical technique and its novel application as a nano-light-emitting device The synthesized specimen has been characterized by using UVVis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction study, atomic force microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy These studies indicate the sizes of QDs to be within 8nm The prepared QD samples have been examined in a fabricated ZnOQD-based nano-light-emitting device by exploring the variation of electroluminescence (EL) (light emission phenomenon) with supply voltage at room temperature The almost linear variation of EL intensity with voltage is obtained for a specific range of voltage, which makes ZnS nanoparticles suitable for light-emitting devices

MoRe-care: Mobile-assisted remote healthcare service delivery

Abstract: In the rural or remote areas of India, most people are still used to get their medical treatment or assistance from Community Health Center where ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Mid-wife) or ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) workers are active healthcare service providers. But they are not sufficiently trained. In this paper, we developed MoRe-Care (Mobile-Assisted Remote Healthcare Service): a mobile app for Android mobile device. It is implemented based on our earlier proposed scheme which is unique, affordable, effective mobile assisted remote healthcare service delivery scheme. This scheme assists the ANM and ASHA workers and direct them with proper guidelines.

WBAN Security: study and implementation of a biological key based framework

Abstract: Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is becoming popular gradually and is showing better performance in health monitoring. In WBAN nodes are placed on or inside human body that collect information and send them to remote server wirelessly. Strict security is required to protect patient’s personal data. In this paper we made a detailed survey of the state-of-the art security works in WBAN. We propose a security framework by applying Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique using secret key derived from biological data of the patients as well as doctors for ensuring data confidentiality and authentication of users. We have implemented our proposed method in a cloud based environment to analyze end-to-end delay of patient data transmission using different keys derived from different biological information of users. Simulation setup and experimental results are given for detailed view and better understanding of our work.

Application of Chaos Game in Tri-Nucleotide Representation for the Comparison of Coding Sequences of β-Globin Gene

Abstract: In this paper, we use 2D tri-nucleotide representation based on chaos game theory. We extend the representation from 2D to 3D by taking the third coordinate as the multiple of the first two ones. Complete coding sequences of β globin genes of 10 species are now compared using four types of descriptors—1. Mean of the components of the represented sequences, 2. Standard deviation of the components of the represented sequence, 3. Highest eigen value of M/M matrix and 4. Highest eigen value of J/J matrix. The results in the four cases are critically examined. It is found that the use of J/J matrix with highest eigen value as the descriptor is the best one among the others.

Introducing MIT Rule Toward Improvement of Adaptive Mechanical Prosthetic Arm Control Model

Abstract: The article represents MRAC strategies for controlling a mechanical prosthetic arm utilizing gradient method MIT rule. Depending on the uncertainty parameters like mass of the mechanical arm, friction constant and spring constant, an adaptive controller is designed and outlined. MIT rule has been applied to this second-order system, and simulation is done in MATLAB-Simulink for various estimation of adaptation gain. With the changes in adaptation gain, the adaptation mechanisms are changed and results are analyzed. Variation in the parameters should be in the specified range for MIT rule. Further Lyapunov stability approach has been applied to the closed-loop dynamics to ensure global stability on variation of plant parameters.

Computational Methodologies Followed in Structure Based In-Silico Drug Design: An Example

Abstract: With the emergence of multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is an immediate necessity to design new potent drugs. One step toward it is to understand the mechanism of inhibition of the enzyme InhA (trans-2-enoyl-ACP-reductase), which has an important function in the building of micobacterial cell wall. An attempt through molecular modeling and simulation methods is presented here to explain binding affinities of different derivatives of drugs and also the role of some important amino acid residues in the active site of the InhA.

A swarm intelligence approach to harness maximum techno-commercial benefits from smart power grids

Abstract: Modern electricity power market has evolved from conventional vertically integrated structure to the present deregulated form and eventually to the development of the smart power grids, over the past few decades. Different market players like generation, transmission and distribution companies with their individual and collective goals and constraints are now participating in real time, prompting the need for optimal allocation and utilization of the smart grid infrastructure and resources. The objective of the optimization thus received a paradigm shift from the traditional generation cost optimization, to optimal utilization of the available resources to deliver maximum benefit to all the power market participants and the so-called social welfare. Maximization of social welfare is a highly nonlinear optimization problem and generally requires application of an efficient stochastic optimization method with in-built ability of avoiding local optima. The swarm intelligence-based optimization algorithms, developed and presented in this book chapter, offer substantial improvement in the quality of solution to the problem over the conventional solution methods. The chapter presents real-time simulation and experiments on benchmark power system networks with the developed optimization algorithms. The results are found to be quite encouraging.

Protection of Power Electronic Switches in a VSI against Over-Current and Shoot-Through Faults

Abstract: Voltage Source Inverter consists of power electronic switches, mostly MOSFET or IGBT operating at high frequency. These switches are costly and prone to various faults which if not prevented within a limited time, will result in their burning out and making the inverter inoperable. Further this would lead to potential halt of inverter based processes. Thus protection of these costly power electronic switches against such faults is of utmost importance. This experimental work investigates and prioritizes the protection of the power electronic switches of an inverter against overcurrent and shoot-through faults and also ensures automatic recovery of the inverter based system post the fault clearance.

Generic parity generators design using LTEx methodology: A quantum-dot cellular automata based approach

Abstract: Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a prominent paradigm that is considered to continue its dominance in thecomputation at deep sub-micron regime in nanotechnology. The QCA realizations of five-input Majority Voter based multilevel parity generator circuits have been introduced in recent years. However, no attention has been paid towards the QCA instantiation of the generic (n-bit) even and odd parity generator. In this paper, a comprehensive QCA based methodology, termed as LTEx methodology is proposed to produce n-bit even and odd parity generators. The two-input Layered T Exclusive OR (LTEx) module is used to implement high fan-in parity generators. The corollaries first formulate the QCA design metrics such as O-Cost, Costα, and irreversible power dissipation and then exploit the operability of the LTEx module to instantiate the efficient n-bit parity generators. These parity generators can exclusively be used in error detection and correction schemes.

Study on surface plasmon-based improvement in absorption in plasmonic solar cell

Abstract: Recently, plasmonics offers very high attention and greatly deals with various field includes the nanophotonics domain. In the plasmonic field, when the nanoparticle is much smaller than the wave length of light, coherent oscillation of the conduction band electrons induced by interaction with an electromagnetic field and conjointly improves absorption through scattering. In this paper, we studied the effectiveness of nanoparticle dimension to enhance extinction in terms of absorption and scattering for silver, gold, copper and aluminium nanoparticles. We also studied finite difference time domain-based solar cell model that improves various simulated plasmonic field components and observed that the high sensitivity of the surface plasmon resonance spectrum of noble metal nanoparticles to adsorbate induced changes in dimension and dielectric constant of the surrounding nanoenvironment. We also observed that noble metal specifically silver and gold nanoparticles significantly improve optical absorption than copper and aluminium nanoparticles.

Fuzzy Logic and Log-Sigmoid Function Based Vision Enhancement of Hazy Images

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel single image haze removal algorithm, which aims at generating artifact free, contrast enhanced haze free images. The proposed algorithm is designed to overcome the halo artifacts arising in output images obtained from various popular existing image haze removal methods and to restore the contrast of images which are degraded by scattering of scene light by aerosol particles present in the atmosphere. Here the halo artifacts are removed from output images by using a patch-independent procedure for dark channel evaluation and the contrast of images are restored by using a novel Type 1 fuzzy logic and log-sigmoid function based contrast enhancement procedure. Three fuzzy production rules are created considering pixel intensity values and log-sigmoid function values as input fuzzy linguistic variables and mapping constant as output fuzzy linguistic variable. The fuzzy logic is used here for automatic evaluation of membership function value of unique mapping constant for each pixel, which after defuzzification is used to map each pixel intensity value from the degraded image to corresponding pixel intensity value in the enhanced image. The efficiency of this proposed algorithm is established by obtaining satisfactory results from comparative studies of qualitative and quantitative analyses results which are carried out by applying the proposed algorithm and several other popular algorithms on same set of hazy images. Two significant quantitative parameters are chosen for performing quantitative analysis-a) Elapsed Time (time required for the execution of the algorithm) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio which is an important visibility metric to measure visual quality of images. For both types of parameters it has been shown that our algorithm gives better results compared to other methods.

Effect of Various Dielectrics to Plasmonic Improvement in Metal-Dielectric-Semiconductor Substrate

Abstract: Recently, Plasmonic gives increased interest that has been received as a way to enhancement in photonic response at optical extinction at metal-dielectric interface. It's highlighted property is that nanostructure can control optical fields due to the strong interaction of the metal-dielectric structure that allows incident photonic propagation at the nanoscale. In this study, we investigate and simulate the effectiveness of various large bandgap dielectric materials like silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide with various metallic nanoparticle and also simulate finite time-based metal-dielectric-semiconductor nanostructure and find various field component for plasmonic improvement in form of photonic extinction in metal-dielectric nanostructure specifically for solar energy harvesting methodology.

\(Ps^-\) and \(H^+_2\) Ions under Spatial Confinement

Abstract: The ground state energy eigenvalues of the spatially confined symmetric three-body exotic ions \(Ps^-\) and \(H^+_2\) have been determined under the framework of Rayleigh-Ritz variational method. The spatial confinement is simulated by considering an impenetrable spherical box of varying radius around the ion. The electron-electron correlation in \(Ps^-\) and the protonproton correlation in \(H_+^2\) are properly taken care of by expanding the trial wavefunction in explicitly correlated Hylleraas type basis set. The critical radius and the corresponding critical pressure, at which the respective ions destabilize are also reported.

Autocorrelation based spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radio application

Abstract: A spectrum sensing technique based on the detection of the audio FM and wireless microphone signals in the TV band is proposed. Our method autocorrelates the signal that enables a formulation of the new decision making index in terms of a ratio Ar. Thereby an algorithmic interpretation with Ar as an index, one identifies the white space. This method reduces the probability of false alarm and mitigates the disadvantages of other spectrum sensing techniques.

Analysis of power consumption and delay of an inverter circuit using TMJLSRG MOSFET for the design of digital integrated circuit

Abstract: This paper represents delay and power analysis of an inverter using a triple-material junctionless surrounding gate MOSFET (TMJLSRG) to design integrated circuit. TCAD tools have been used for the purpose of simulation. The delay and power consumption are the vital design metrics to design the circuit in nano level. In this work, the variation of power consumption has been reported for different values of power supply voltage VDD and channel length. Delay is also reported with respect to VDD .Moreover, power consumption has been reported for the gate engineered device for different ratio of gate length. The results are satisfactory to design low power and high speed digital integrated circuit using TMJLSRG MOSFET.

Soft Computing Approach to Electrical Transmission Network Congestion Management

Abstract: In this paper an efficient technique is described for managing the congestion in electric transmission network based on rescheduling the nearby generators and/or shedding some of the loads. To incorporate the uncertainty in the system objectives and parameters, fuzzy environment is considered for the formulation of the problem. In the solution process bio-inspired computational technique, genetic algorithm (GA) is used. The approach is illustrated by standard IEEE 30-bus 6-generator test system.

Final Cover Construction and Slope Stability Assessment of Waste Dump - A Case Study

Abstract: The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been increasing with the increase in population. Kolkata city generates a substantial amount of MSW (about 2920 tons per day). For the last 40 years, Dhapa landfill located in Kolkata has been used to dispose of this MSW. The landfill did not have the bottom and side liner system, resulting in adverse impacts to the surrounding environment. The landfill is being closed with surface regrading and construction of an engineered composite cover system. This paper describes the closure of the landfill and evaluates the slope stability. Limit equilibrium and finite element slope stability analysis methods are used, and the results are compared. Overall, the landfill final slopes were found to be stable. However, the shear strength of materials and interface shear properties of composite liner interfaces should be determined and assessed.

A Linear Voltage Controlled Quadrature Oscillator

Abstract: A linear voltage controlled quadrature oscillator (LVCQO) is presented; the design uses commercially available IC modules. The response had been experimentally verified with simulation and hardware test. The realization is based on an electronically tunable allpass filter (ETAF) coupled with a voltage controlled integrator (VCI). Quadrature oscillator tuning frequecy is measured in a range of $\mathbf{1}\leq \pmb{f}_{o} with satisfactory phase-noise response of −96 dBc/Hz. Effects of device parasitic are negligible.

ANN Based Spectrum Sensing Technique for Cognitive Radio Applications

Abstract: An ANN based spectrum sensing technique for audio FM and the wireless microphone signals in TV band is proposed. The artificial neural network (ANN) model trained with the autocorrelation peaks of the signal in channel identifies it as a white space or a primary signal. The performance of this technique is efficient in terms of false alarm rate and probability of detection; the proposed method presents less mathematical complexity as compared to other recent spectrum sensing techniques. Simulation results are presented.