Showing papers in "international journal of nano dimension in 2018"

Comparative account of antifungal activity of green and chemically synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles in combination with agricultural fungicides

Abstract: The present study aims at study on combined effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) with common agricultural fungicides. Nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical reduction process and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Synthesized nanoparticles were observed to be in size range of 12-63 nm as confirmed by TEM micrograph. DLS established polydisperse nature of nanoparticles and provided effective hydrodynamic diameter of 76.15 nm, confirming the hypothesis of particles being in nano range. Nanoparticles were tested against fungal phytopathogens, namely A. alternata, A. niger, B. cinerea, F. oxysporum and P. expansum. Nanoparticles used in the study exhibited good antifungal activity. Both classes of nanoparticles (green and chemically synthesized) w

Computational study of the fullerene effects on the properties of 16 different drugs: A review

Abstract: In this study, the influence of fullerene junction on the chemical features of 16 different drugs including Captopril, Clonidine, Methyldopa, Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline, Tetrahydrozoline, Xylometazoline, Tolazoline, Clemastine, Procyclidine, Tyramine, Nicotine, Dextroamphetamine, Fluoxetine, Metoprolol and Enalapril was investigated computationally. For this purpose, the mentioned drugs were placed on the fullerene firstly. Then single molecules of drugs and their fullerene derivatives were optimized geometrically. Afterwards, adsorption energies and also some chemical properties such as HOMO and LOMO energy levels, energy gap, chemical hardness, electrophilicity, maximum transmitted electron and dipole moment in the reactions were determined for each drug and their fullerene derivatives. In the next step, the results were presented as tables and charts, and the effect of fullerene on the chemical traits of the drugs was evaluated. The obtained results indicate that fullerene has a strong interaction with methyldopa, Dextroamphetamine, Tyramine, Tolazoline, Enalapril and Metoprolol drugs. And this nanostructure can be an electroactive sensing material or a prominent carrier for these drugs. All of the calculations were implemented by Density functional theory (DFT) in the level of B3LYP/6-31G (d).

Hydrothermal synthesis of Copper nanoparticles, characterization and their biological applications

Abstract: We report an ecofriendly novel method for copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) synthesis by hydrothermal processes using an activated carboxymethyl gum of locally available medicinal plant Cochlospermum gossypiumas capping agent. The synthesized CuNPs characterized by Ultraviolet - visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier – transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). The XRD results showed a face-centered cubic structure with (111) as the prepared orientation. The CuNPs showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity against pathogenic strains like E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosi, Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus oryzae respectively. A result of this study indicates that the CuNPs has remarkable potential antimicrobial property. It will be used in treating infectious diseases and also use full in biomedical application.

Biosynthesis of Silver nanoparticle using aqueous extract of Saraca asoca leaves, its characterization and antimicrobial activity

Abstract: The use of less hazardous chemicals or natural material in place of toxic chemical for the formation of metal nanoparticle is known as green synthesis. The present paper deals with greener approach for the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles. The Saraca asoca plant leaves extract solution was used for the silver nanoparticles. Confirmation of Ag nanoparticles has been done using various characterization techniques viz. structural by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), morphological analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and elemental analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The particle size of silver nanoparticle is found to be 24.85 nm. The particle exhibits good antibacterial properties against Staphylococci aures, Streptococci pyogens, Salmonella typhi.

A fast wallace-based parallel multiplier in quantum-dot cellular automata

Abstract: Physical limitations of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductors (CMOS) technology at nanoscale and high cost of lithography have provided the platform for creating Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)-based hardware. The QCA is a new technology that promises smaller, cheaper and faster electronic circuits, and has been regarded as an effective solution for scalability problems in CMOS technology. Therefore, it is possible to generalize QCA to all digital components. Multipliers are considered as one of the most important building blocks of computational circuits in digital processing systems. The traditional design of multipliers results in wasting the resources and increasing computational time. This paper presents an effective implementation of QCA parallel multiplier based on Wallace tree. It is able to significantly reduce the occupied area by reducing the number of QCA cells and therefore increases the speed of multiplying operation. The proposed QCA multiplier is simulated by QCADesigner2.0.3 software. The simulation results confirm that the proposed QCA multiplier works well and can be used in high performance circuits in QCA technology. Moreover, the proposed QCA multiplier has less complexity and occupied area compared to other QCA multiplier designs.

Novel efficient fault-tolerant full-adder for quantum-dot cellular automata

Abstract: Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are an emerging technology and a possible alternative for semiconductor transistor based technologies. A novel fault-tolerant QCA full-adder cell is proposed: This component is simple in structure and suitable for designing fault-tolerant QCA circuits. The redundant version of QCA full-adder cell is powerful in terms of implementing robust digital functions. By considering two-dimensional arrays of QCA cells, fault tolerance properties of such block full-adder cell can be analyzed with misalignment, missing and dislocation cells. To verify the functionality of the proposed device, some physical proofs and computer simulations using QCADesigner are provided. Both simulation results and physical relations confirm our claims and its usefulness in designing fault-tolerant digital circuits.

A novel study on the stepwise electrodeposition approach for the synthesis of Pd based nanoparticles, characterization, and their enhanced electrooxidation activities

Abstract: Herein, a stepwise electrodeposition technique was used to synthesize the Pd based nanoparticles on indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. First of all, Pd nanoparticles were electrodeposited on ITO via one step electrodeposition technique. Furthermore, Au was electrodeposited on Pd. Finally, Co was electrodeposited on Au and Pd electrodeposited ITO electrode via stepwise electrodeposition technique. Characterization of these electrodes was performed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electrode microscopy (SEM) techniques. Considering the XRD pattern, well-defined ITO peaks, Pd, and Au fcc structure peaks are clearly visible for Pd based electrodes. On the other hand, Co has two main crystal structures such as face-centered-cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phases. SEM images illustrates that spherical particles were obtained for these Pd based electrodes. Finally, formic acid electrooxidation activities of these electrodes were evaluated and enhanced electrooxidation activities were obtained.

Biochemical profiling of microbes inhibiting Silver nanoparticles using symbiotic organisms

Abstract: Silver nanoparticle therapeutics using symbiotic organisms can offer solutions to the current obstacles in antimicrobial therapies, because of cost-effective and eco-friendly properties over chemical and physical methods In this study, we aim to synthesize silver nanoparticles using lichen (Parmotrema tinctorum) extract and evaluation of its antibacterial properties Synthesized silver nanoparticle were characterized on the basis of morphology, size, shape and nature by UV-visible spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Particle size analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis TEM analysis showed that synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with maximum particles in size range within 15 ± 51 nm Prolonged stability of synthesized silver nanoparticles was due to the presence of capping and stabilizing agent in form of biomolecules, which were confirmed by FTIR analysis Furthermore, the bio-potentiality of synthesized silver nanoparticles was done against five pathogenic bacteria viz, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae usingthe agar well diffusion method On the basis of zone of inhibition we can say that silver nanoparticles had antibacterial properties Our results suggested that, prepared silver nanoparticle might be used for production of antibiotics and applied as potential microbial cell inhibitors

Experimental study of applying colloidal nano Silica in improving sand-silt mixtures

Abstract: Passive method is a new procedure in stabilizing loose soils. This methodology is a type of interlocking soil particles structures. In order to optimum improve in this method, it is necessary to achieve proper penetration length and increase the shear strength of parameters. Researches have shown an increased resistance to liquefaction and decreased permeability due to colloidal Nano silica injection in soil. In this research, sandy soil was mixed with silt in 5%, 10%, and 15% percent. Then, specimens in dry and saturated conditions were placed under the influence of Nano silica colloid. For determining geotechnical properties of improved specimens, direct shear test was performed in three situations (dry, saturated, and injected). Moreover, for studying drainage condition after stabilizing specimens, constant head, permeability test was carried out. The results showed that geotechnical properties in the injected state increased compared to the non-injected state. Generally, these increase in cohesion and integral friction respectively on average in specimen’s equal 2%, 1.18% and in saturate state equal 1.21%, 1.13%. Besides, with the injection of Nano silica colloid, the amount of vertical settlement in the samples on average 22% decreased. Furthermore, the amount of permeability of the stabilized materials showed on average 58% went down.

High temperature acidic oxidation of multiwalled Carbon nanotubes and synthesis of Graphene quantum dots

Abstract: The acid oxidation of carbon nanotube generally results in opening the close ends of the nanotube and to make surface modifications. Herewith, Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were oxidized in acids at high temperature experimental conditions which led to the formation of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), IR Infrared study showed the formation of 5-10 nm diameter GQDs and their crystalline structure having the inter-planner distance of 2.40A and 2.14A was confirmed by the electron diffraction. The UV visible spectroscopy showed the lowest exciton peak at 4eV. Photoluminescence (PL) studies showed the Photoluminescence peak in visible range which is independent of excitation wavelengths. A mechanism for the formation of highly crystalline graphene quantum dots during the high temperature acid oxidation of MWCNTs is proposed in the paper.

Biofabrication of Silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Andrographis serpyllifolia and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

Abstract: Biofabrication of metallic nanoparticles have attracted the researchers of various disciplines for the past few decades, due to their wide range of applications in the various fields of electronics, textiles industries, nano medicine, biopharmacy and biotechnology. Keeping in view the above important applications, we have successfully biosynthesized the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract of Andrographis serpyllifolia. These green silver nanoparticles are characterized by using different spectroscopic methods like ultra violet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The green As-AgNPs are characterized by spectral analysis by Nanodrop-UV-visible spectroscopy, the surface plasmon resonance peak of silver nanoparticles in colloidal solution, showed maximum absorption at 421 nm. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy results indicate the participation of N-H stretching of amides, carboxylic acids, ether groups and O-H hydroxyl groups and C−O stretching of alcohols are used in the formation of As-AgNPs. The XRD data indicate that As-AgNPs are the face-centered cubic structure in nature. The particle size analysis reveals that the biosynthesized As-AgNPs were spherical in shape and the average size is 6 ± 2 nm. The As-AgNPs are highly stable due the negative Zeta potential -27.2 mV indicates that the As-AgNPs are polydispersed in nature. The antimicrobial studies of As-AgNPs on different bacterial strains show effective antimicrobial activity when compared with the standard antibiotic. The biosynthesized As-AgNPs also showed excellent antioxidant activity by DPPH, Nitric oxide and Hydrogen peroxide method. Hence the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles can be used for various biomedical applications.

Route of administration induced in vivo effects and toxicity responses of Zinc Oxide nanorods at molecular and genetic levels

Abstract: Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have received growing attention for several biomedical applications. Nanoparticles proposed for these applications possess the potential to interact with biological components such as the blood, cells/ tissues following their administration into the body. Hence we carried out in vivo investigations in Swiss Albino Mice to understand the interaction of ZnO nanorods with the biological components following intravenous and oral routes of administration to assess nanoparticles safety. Intravenously injected ZnO nanorods were found to induce the significant reduction in the red blood cells and platelet counts. Elevated levels of serum enzymes such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase were observed following intravenous and oral administration. Also, increased levels (p < 0.05) of oxidative stress markers such as glutathione in the liver of intravenous treated mice and liver, spleen of oral treated mice; and lipid peroxidation in the spleen of intravenous treated mice compared to untreated mice. Significant DNA damage was observed in liver, spleen, and kidney of mice treated intravenously; liver and kidney of mice treated orally compared to untreated mice. Histology revealed focal venous congestion in the liver of intravenous and oral treated mice; more red pulp congestion in the spleen of oral treated mice compared to the intravenous treated group; pulmonary vascular congestion in intravenous (mild) and oral treated mice (moderate). In conclusion differences in the histology of the organs tested could be due to the differences in the distributed concentrations of nanoparticles. These findings can be considered helpful for the development of biocompatible nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

Comparison of different kinetic models for adsorption of acid blue 62 as an environmental pollutant from aqueous solution onto mesoporous Silicate SBA-15 modified by Tannic acid

Abstract: In this work, adsorption kinetics were investigated in order to remove the acid blue 62 off the aqueous solutions using mesoporous silicate SBA-15 loaded with tannic acid (tannin-SBA-15). Nitrogen adsorption and desorption test (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis characterize synthesized composite. The impacts of some parameters such as PH, adsorbent dosage as well as contact time were studied and optimized at temperatures between 25 to 45 oC. The study also was conducted on intra-particle diffusion, pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Elovich kinetic models. In order to have the best correlation with the experimental data, the model of the second-order kinetics was discovered. The model of the intra-particle diffusion represents that both boundary layer and intra-particle diffusion processes control the mechanisms of adsorption of acid blue 62 onto tannin-SBA-15.

A facile and rapid method for green synthesis of Silver Myco nanoparticles using endophytic

Abstract: The Myco silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized through bio-reduction reaction of silver nitrate by cell-free filtrate of endophytic fungi, which act as both reducing and capping agent. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was confirmed through UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) was used to study the structure, morphology, shape, and composition of synthesized nanoparticles. The efficacy of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was tested against the pathogenic bacterial strains such as K. pneumonia, A. Baumannii, P. mirabilis, S. Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and E. Coli. The myco silver nano particles treatment significantly reduced the growth of all the bacterial species tested in this study. The results suggested that myco nanoparticles can be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics or to break antimicrobial resistance.

Preparation of antibacterial electrospun Poly lactic-co–glycolic acid nanofibers containing Hypericum Perforatum with bedsore healing property and evaluation of its drug release performance

Abstract: Skin drug delivery systems with controlled release are suitable means for the local transfer of pharmaceutical compounds to the damaged and healthy layers of skin. Nanofibrous membrane prepares uniform moisture in the wound environment with less accumulation of fluid secretion due to its variable pore size. Electrospinning takes advantage of using herbal extracts in the form of electrospun nanofibrous mats as an alternative for skin grafts. In this study, after preparing optimized fibrous mats of Poly lactic-co – glycolic acid (PLGA), characterization and identification of their chemical structure was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The drug release of the optimized electrospun nanofibrous mats and the kinetics of drug release were investigated in vitro. Then, wound dressing performance, antibacterial property, cell adhesion and biocompatibility of nanofibrous scaffolds prepared by Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) assays as well as important features of suitable wound dressing including porosity, Water Vapor Transmission Rate, and swelling percentage of nanofibrous mats were evaluated in vitro. Nanofibrous mats containing Hypericum perforatum extract without any bead with burst drug release kinetics followed Higuchi kinetic model with proper regression coefficient (PLGA-E10 = 0.8, PLGA-E30 = 0.76). The results of the antibacterial activity of nanofibrous mats against Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus) as well as the results of the cell culture test and in vitro biodegradability tests on these mats showed good potential of composite scaffolds as antimicrobial coverage for wounds with Gram positive bacteria infectious agent.

Gate structural engineering of MOS-like junctionless Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (MOS-like J-CNTFET)

Abstract: In this article, a new structure is presented for MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor)-like junctionless carbon nanotube field effect transistor (MOS-like J-CNTFET), in which dual material gate with different work-functions are used. In the aforementioned structure, the size of the gates near the source and the drain are 14 and 6 nm, respectively, and the work-functions are equal and 0.5 eV less than the work-function of the intrinsic carbon nanotube. The simulation is carried out in the ballistic regime using the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) in the mode space approach. The simulation results show that the proposed structure has a better am-bipolar behavior and less OFF current compared to a conventional junctionless structure with the same dimensions. In the new structure, the hot carrier effect is also reduced due to the reduced electric field near the drain, and with regard to a peak in the electric field curve at the junction of two gates, the gate control on the channel will be increased.

Influence of reaction parameters on crystal phase growth and optical properties of ultrasonic assisted hydro- and solvothermal synthesized sub-micrometer-sized CdS spheres

Abstract: Sub-micrometer-sized CdS spheres were synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal reactions using Cd(NO3)2.4H2O and CH4N2S raw materials at a constant stoichiometric 1 : 2, Cd : S molar ratio. Various conditions such as solvent type (water and/or ethanol), reaction time and temperature were examined for the synthesis of the targets. The synthesized materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Crystal structure study was performed in a comparison mode to investigate the crystalline phase purity and growth of the obtained CdS materials when the reaction conditions were changed. The PXRD data indicated that the as-synthesized materials were crystallized well in a hexagonal crystal system with the space group P63mc. However, the crystal phase growth study showed that a cubic crystal system of CdS was obtained as a second crystal phase in the mixture. The morphologies of the synthesized materials were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique. The data showed that the reaction solvent had a critical influence on the morphology of the obtained materials. Ultraviolet-visible spectra showed that the synthesized CdS materials had strong light absorption in the ultraviolet-visible light regions. The calculated direct optical band gap energies of the obtained materials were in the ranges of 1.90-2.30 eV.

Analysis and study of geometrical variability on the performance of junctionless tunneling field effect transistors: Advantage or deficiency?

Abstract: This study investigates geometrical variability on the sensitivity of the junctionless tunneling field effect transistor (JLTFET) and Heterostructure JLTFET (HJLTFET) performance. We consider the transistor gate dielectric thickness as one of the main variation sources. The impacts of variations on the analog and digital performance of the devices are calculated by using computer aided design (CAD) tools. The gate oxide thickness is varied uniformly from right to left and vice versa and the performance of devices are analyzed. It is shown that changes in the geometric dimensions of the devices improves some electrical parameters and degrades others. Finally, we use the oxide thickness variation advantage and implement the oxide pocket close to the drain-channel interface for proposing of the pocket in narrower drain side oxide HJLTFET (PNS-HJLTFET).

Viscoelastic behavior of Silica nanoparticle/polyimide nanocomposites using finite element approach

Abstract: A three-dimensional micromechanical finite element model is developed to study the viscoelastic behavior of the silica nanoparticle/polyimide nanocomposites. The representative volume element (RVE) of the model consists of three phases including silica nanoparticle, polyimide matrix and interphase which surrounds the nanoparticle. The interphase region is created due to the interaction between the silica nanoparticle and the polymer matrix. The effects of different important parameters such as interphase material properties and thickness, silica nanoparticle volume fraction and geometry as well as type of nanoparticles distribution are investigated. It is found that the interphase significantly affects the viscoelastic behavior of the nanocomposites. Also, the results reveal that with decreasing the nanoparticle diameter or increasing volume fraction, the creep strain of the nanocomposite reduces. Moreover, the creep strain of the nanocomposites decreases with the uniform distribution of the nanoparticles inside the polymer matrix. It is shown that for the elastic properties of the nanocomposites, while the predictions without interphase are far from the reality, the predicted mechanical properties with interphase demonstrate very good agreement with experimental data.

Design of magnetic dipole based 3D integration nano-circuits for future electronics application

Abstract: Nano Magnetic Logic (NML) has been attracting application in optical computing, nanodevice formation, and low power. In this paper nanoscale architecture such as the decoder, multiplexer, and comparator are implemented on perpendicular-nano magnetic logic (pNML) technology. All these architectures with the superiority of minimum complexity and minimum delay are pointed. The proposed architectures have been designed using pNML in MagCAD tool, simulated with modelsim platform and correctness shown by simulation waveform. The correctness of these designs can be verified easily when Verilog code is generated from MagCAD tool. The performance of the proposed comparator towards default parameters shows the area of 2.4336 µm2 and critical path of 1.5E-7 sec. As a higher order, the realization of a 4-to-1 multiplexer in NML has also been included in this work.

First principle study of structural and electronic transport properties for electrically doped zigzag single wall GaAs nanotubes

Abstract: Emerging trend in semiconductor nanotechnology motivates to design various crystalline nanotubes. The structural and electronic transport properties of single walled zigzag Gallium Arsenide nanotubes have been investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) based First Principle formalisms. Structural stability and enhanced electronic transmission property of Gallium Arsenide nanotubes (NT’s) have been analyzed for the chiral vector 3£n£7. This analysis based on the Perdew Burke Ernzerhoff type of parameterization along with Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) procedure. Several structural properties like dependency of diameter along with bond length, buckling and band gap have been analyzed. The investigation confirms that buckling property and bond length of these nanotubes decreases as the diameter of the tubes are increasing. It has been observed that (7, 0) nanotube is being considered as most stable nanotube among all. Binding energy also increases with the increasing diameter of the tubes. This two probe experiment is being carried out at room temperature when two opposite bias voltages have given at the end of these nanotubes using electrical doping procedure. Introducing this procedure a potential drop has been created between the two electrodes’ chemical potential level. Due to this potential drop, the device performance has been enhanced and results in the flow of high conducting current through the central part of the NTs’.

The role of mechanical engineering in the development of nano drug delivery systems; a review

Abstract: The pharmaceutical area can present some opportunities for mechanical engineers to develop a vast type of dosage forms particularly novel forms like nanoparticles. The classical education of mechanics needs some alterations to prepare appropriate education courses in this regard. In order to present some views about this issue, we collect some information around the importance of mechanical engineering in the designing of nano-based drug delivery systems. A review process was performed using National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) by means of MeSH keywords such as mechanical engineering, pharmaceutical dosage form, drug delivery system, nanoparticles and nanotechnology. The searches included full-text publications written in English, published in PubMed central over a 10-year period (2006-2016). The abstracts, reviews, books with no experimental data as well as studies without explicit involving of mechanical engineering in the designing of drug delivery systems were excluded from the analysis. The reviewed literature revealed that there is good progress in application of mechanical engineering in the designing of nano-based drug delivery systems in recent years. However, more clinically and in vivo attempts are needed in this regard. This information may present some beneficial views for graduate students as well as academic curriculum designers about the importance of mechanical engineers in pharmaceutical area.

Adsorption study of Zinc ion onto halloysite nanotubes using taguchi’s design of experimental methodology

Abstract: In this paper, Taguchi method was applied to determine the optimum conditions for Zn (II) removal from aqueous solution by halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). An orthogonal array experimental design (L16 (45) which is of five control factors including pH, t (contact time), m (adsorbent mass), T (temperature) and C0 (initial concentration of Zn (II)) having four levels was employed. Adsorption capacity (mg/g) and removal percent (%) were investigated as the quality characteristics to be optimized. In order to determine the optimum levels of the control factors precisely, range analysis and analysis of variance were performed. For removal percent, the optimum condition was found to be pH=6, T=35°C, w=0.4 g, and C0=50 mg/L. Under these optimum conditions, adsorption capacity and removal percent can reach to 132.16 mg/g and 99.76%, respectively.

Preparation and characterization of friendly colloidal Hydroxyapatite based on natural Milk’s casein

Abstract: Biocompatible hydroxyapatite nanocomposites are biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic have been paid many attentions as one of the most suitable vehicle for drug delivery use. Our objective in this work was to prepare and characterize caseins based HA nanocomposite in a colloidal form for drug delivery purposes. Casein biopolymer was firstly extracted from skimmed milk by adding acetic acid and was used then to prepare colloidal hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) through a modified microemulsion technique. Characterization of the as prepared samples was carried out by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRD), Field Emission Scanning and Transmission Microscopy (FESEM & TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was finally used to measure particle size and zeta potential distribution of the sample using electrophoresis mobility. The results revealed successful preparation of a colloidal HA /casein suspension with a hydrodynamic zeta average particle size distribution of 256.6 nm.

Plant-mediated synthesis of Silver nanoparticles by two species of Cynanchum L. (Apocynaceae): A comparative approach on its physical characteristics

Abstract: The present study evaluates the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) mediated by xerophytic plants, Cynanchum viminale and Cynanchum sarcomedium. The reaction between plant extracts and silver nitrate solution resulted in a yellowish brown/dark brown colored solution which suggests the formation of SNPs. Physical characteristics of synthesized SNPs were determined using UV-Vis spectral, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analyses. The UV-Vis spectrum showed a maximum absorbance of SNPs at 500 nm for SNPs synthesized by C. viminale whereas maximum absorbance of 1.87 was observed at 400 nm for C. sarcomedium. Agglomerated nanoparticles were synthesized by C. viminale with an average diameter of ~ 60-68 nm as depicted by SEM. Nearly spherical nanoparticles of average size of ~ 60-85 nm were obtained by C. sarcomedium extract. A strong signal of silver at 3 KeV was confirmed by EDAX analysis for SNPs produced by both plants. Thus, the present green synthesis offers a viable and an ecofriendly way of fabrication of benign SNPs without any huge inputs in terms of energy and waste.

The effect of alkaline earth metals (Magnesium and Calcium) on Hydrogen storage efficiency of alanate nanopowders

Abstract: Different Aluminum: alkaline earth metal atomic weight ratios effects on structure transformations in alanates nanopowders were studied. Changes in crystal structures from alane to alanates by increasing alkaline earth metals dopants in the mixture with slight changes in crystal structures from rhombohedral centered – trigonal (alane) to trigonal (magnesium alanate), and monoclinic (calcium alanate), while thermal behavior alters from one step dissociation at ~150 C with ~ 8.1 wt% hydrogen release in alane to the two steps hydrogen releases in magnesium alanate at 130 and 285 C with 7 and 2.1 wt% changes, and to the three steps hydrogen releases in calcium alanate at 127, 260, and 328 C with 1.7, 2.1, and 4 wt% changes were indicated. Residual phases after dissociation are formed in aluminum and magnesium alloying systems and intermetallic phases like Mg2Al3 and Mg17Al12 with no sign of oxide formation and pure aluminum, Al4Ca, Al2Ca intermetallic phases and Ca in aluminum: Calcium system.

Pre-concentration of Penicillamine using Fe3O4NPS and analysis of it in drug formulations through spectroscopic method

Abstract: First, an effective pre-concentration of penicillamine was done via Fe3O4NPS. Then, a simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of penicillamine by 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (2, 6-DCPIP), as the chromogenic agent in bulk drug and formulations. It produces a bluish green coloured compound with maximum absorbance 610 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.005-0.100 ppm with molar absorptivity 1.97 × 103 L/mol/cm and RSD 0.3-0.82%. Statistical comparison of the results with those from the reference method reveals excellent agreement and accuracy and precision was ±0.481 to ±0.33%. This method is also applied on the whole blood and serum samples collected from the confirmed patients. The reaction of penicillamine with 2, 6-DCPIP was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The main advantage of 2, 6-DCPIP was its stability as a reagent solution, resulting in reliable and reproducible results.

Electronic structures and stabilities of endohedral metallofullerenes TM@C34 using DFT approach

Abstract: Theoretical study of the electronic structure using, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3PW91/6-31G (d) level of theory have been employed to the TM@C34 (TM =Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) in order to investigate the geometries, electronic structures, binding energies, linear polarizability ⟨Δ𝛼⟩, first order hyperpolarizability ⟨𝛽⟩, natural bonding orbital (NBO), was studied based on the ''C34'' fullerene. The results found that the most stable structure is e(C2). Minimal energy structures of each endohedral metallofullerene were obtained. Hybridizations were found between the Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni, 3d valence orbitals and the ''C34'' cage orbitals, while none was found between the Mn and Cu orbitals and the ''C34'' cage orbitals. These findings were obtained with the preferential position of the metal atom inside the fullerene cage, i.e. these results are found suitable for the metal Mn and Cu orbitals present inside the fullerene cage. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) shows that the charges always transfer from the TM atoms to the ''C34'' cage. In going from isolated TM atom to TM@C34, the occupation of the 4s orbital is strongly reduced. The introduction to TM to the empty ''C34''leads to more active NLO performance. The TM@C34 (TM =Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) interactions are characterized in terms of several theoretical parameters such as density of states (DOS), molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs), non-linear optical (NLO) properties and electrophilicity and thermodynamic properties were also performed at B3PW91/6-31G (d) level of theory.

A novel vedic divider based crypto-hardware for nanocomputing paradigm: An extended perspective

Abstract: Restoring and non-restoring divider has become widely applicability in the era of digital computing application due to its computation speed. In this paper, we have proposed the design of divider of different architecture for the computation of Vedic sutra based. The design of divider in the Vedic mode results in high computation throughput due to its replica architecture, where latency is minimized in each of the replica stages. The proposed novel divider based symmetric key crypto-hardware architecture for lightweight embedded devices and the results obtained for this architecture by the analysis using the QCADesigner tool. For the physical environment in QCA (Quantum dot Cellular Automata) computing paradigm are achieved through optimization the architecture of cell by using the robust design computing architecture. For the extended perspective of lower divider to higher divider and to synthesize target outcomes by using efficient architecture.