National Marine Fisheries Service

About: National Marine Fisheries Service is a government organization based out in Silver Spring, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Fisheries management. The organization has 3949 authors who have published 7053 publications receiving 305073 citations. The organization is also known as: NOAA Fisheries & NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service.

Regulation of Ovarian Steroidogenesis In Vitro by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone During Sexual Maturation in Salmonid Fish

Abstract: The regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro by coho salmon FSH and LH was investigated in intact coho salmon follicles and isolated follicular layers at various stages of oocyte maturation, from late vitellogenesis until the completion of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). In granulosa layers from all stages, LH, but not FSH, stimulated 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17, 20beta-P) production. In theca-interstitial layers from all stages, FSH and LH stimulated steroid production, LH being more potent than FSH. The basal steroid output of intact follicles was significantly lower than that of isolated follicular layers, and their response to FSH and LH also differed. First, the intact follicles produced 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in response to FSH during the central germinal vesicle stage while theca-interstitial layers did not. Second, estradiol-17beta production was not inhibited by LH during final oocyte maturation in intact follicles, as observed for granulosa layers. Our results indicate that LH is the determining factor regulating the production of the maturation-inducing steroid, 17,20beta-P, and the induction of GVBD in the salmonid ovary. In summary, we have provided evidence for maturation-associated changes in the effects of FSH and LH in the salmonid ovary, which further supports the hypothesis that FSH and LH have distinct functions in the teleost ovary.

Spawning and Rearing Habitat Use by White Sturgeons in the Columbia River Downstream from McNary Dam

Abstract: Spawning and rearing habitats used by white sturgeons Acipenser transmontanus were described from water temperature, depth, and velocity measurements and substrate types present at sites where eggs, larvae, young-of-the-year, and juveniles (ages 1–7) were collected. Spawning and egg incubation occurred in the swiftest water available (mean water column velocity, 0.8–2.8 m/s), which was within 8 km downstream from each of the four main-stem Columbia River dams in our study area. Substrates where spawning occurred were mainly cobble, boulder, and bedrock. Yolk-sac larvae were transported by the river currents from spawning areas into deeper areas with lower water velocities and finer substrates. Young-of-the-year white sturgeons were found at depths of 9–57 m, at mean water column velocities of 0.6 m/s and less, and over substrates of hard clay, mud and silt, sand, gravel, and cobble. Juvenile fish were found at depths of 2–58 m, at mean water column velocities of 1.2 m/s and less, and over substra...

A two-receptor model for salmon gonadotropins (GTH I and GTH II).

Abstract: The possible existence of distinct receptors for salmon gonadotropins (GTH I and GTh II) and the distribution of the receptor(s) were studied through examination of the binding of coho salmon (Oncorbynchus kistuch) GTh I and GTH II to membranes from thecal layers and granulosa cells of salmon ovaries. Purified coho salmon gonadotropins were iodinated by the lactoperoxidase method. Crude membrane preparations were obtained from thecal layers, granulosa cells, and whole ovaries of coho salmon in the postvitdllogenic/preovulatory phase. Binding of “5I-GTH I to membranes from thecal layers, granulosa cells, and whole ovaries, and binding of “51-GTh II to thecal layer cell membranes could be inhibited by both GTHs, but GTh I was more potent than GTh II. In contrast, GTh II was more potent than GTh I in inhibiting “5I.GTH II binding to membranes from granulosa cells and whole ovaries, but the inhibition curves were not parallel. Scatchard plot analysis suggested that there was a single type of receptor in the thecal layers for both GTHs, whereas in the granulosa cells there was more than one type of receptor for both GTHs. Based on these results, a two-receptor model for the postvitdllogenic/preovulatory salmon ovary is proposed with the following features: 1) there are two types of gonadotropin receptors in the salmon ovary, type I and type IL; 2) the type I receptor binds both GTHs, but with higher affinity for GTh I, whereas the type II receptor is highly specific for GTh II and may have only limited interaction with GTh I; and 3) the type I receptor is present in both thecal cells and granulosa cells, whereas the type II receptor is present in granulosa cells.