National Security Agency

About: National Security Agency is a government organization based out in Fort George Meade, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Encryption. The organization has 393 authors who have published 485 publications receiving 15916 citations. The organization is also known as: NSA & N.S.A..

Optical Interconnection Networks

Abstract: Call for Papers. Optical Interconnection Networks. Keren Bergman (editor), Columbia University, Gary Hughes (guest organizer), National Security Agency. Submission deadline: August 1, 2004. In current high-performance computing and communications systems an emerging need for ultra-high-capacity, low-latency interconnection networks has led investigators to consider insertion of optical-domain switching fabrics. The use of optical technology for the physical switching layer within data communication systems is clearly advantageous in providing maximum bandwidth per cable particularly through the exploitation of DWDM. Furthermore, the transparency offered in the optical domain allows potentially wide flexibility in the data encoding and protocols. However, many key challenges remain to the successful implementation of optical packet routing, as optical signals cannot be processed efficiently or buffered for an arbitrary time. Clearly, innovative architectures, switching fabrics, and packet processing subsystems that employ optical technologies in synergetic fashions with powerful electronic techniques would be poised to harvest the immense transmission bandwidth of optics creating the ultimate

Proving the adequacy of protection in an operating system

Abstract: The best that can be expected from traditional debugging and testing techniques is that the number of bugs will be reduced to a tolerable level. However, programs that either implement or relate to protection in an operating system are examples of programs for which: 1) the number of residual bugs that can be tolerated is zero; 2) it is necessary to know, or at least have convincing objective evidence, that the number of bugs is indeed zero; and 3) the concern extends to bugs which would not arise under normal circumstances and which may be very difficult to find either by testing or by normal use.

Method of surface preparation and imaging for integrated circuits

Abstract: The present invention is a method of surface preparation and imaging for integrated circuits. First, a substrate is selected and an opening is cut in the substrate of a sufficient size to fit an integrated circuit to be analyzed. A second substrate is then selected. An adhesive film is applied to the top surface of the first substrate, the adhesive film having adhesive on both sides and covering the opening on the first substrate. An integrated circuit is then inserted into the opening and attached to the bottom side of the adhesive film. Next, the first substrate and integrated circuit are bonded to the second substrate using the adhesive film. The bottom side of the first substrate and the integrated circuit are then thinned until the substrate wafer of the integrated circuit is completely removed. Finally, an analytical imaging technique is performed on the integrated circuit from the bottom side of the first substrate.

Biomimetic voice identifier

Abstract: A device for voice identification including a receiver, a segmenter, a resolver, two advancers, a buffer, and a plurality of IIR resonator digital filters where each IIR filter comprises a set of memory locations or functional equivalent to hold filter specifications, a memory location or functional equivalent to hold the arithmetic reciprocal of the filter's gain, a five cell controller array, several multipliers, an adder, a subtractor, and a logical non-shift register. Each cell of the five cell controller array has five logical states, each acting as a five-position single-pole rotating switch that operates in unison with the four others. Additionally, the device also includes an artificial neural network and a display means.

More DD difference sets

Abstract: Dillon and Dobbertin proved that if L := GF(2 m ), gcd(k, m) = 1, d := 4 k ? 2 k + 1 and Δ k (x) := (x + 1) d + x d + 1, then B k := L\Δ k (L) is a difference set in the cyclic multiplicative group L × of L. Used in the proof were the auxiliary functions $$c_k^{\gamma}(x) := b_k(\gamma x^{2^k+1})$$ , where ? is in L × and b k is the characteristic function of B k on L. When m is odd $$c_k^{\gamma}$$ is itself the characteristic function of a cyclic difference set which is equivalent to B k . In this paper we point out that when m is even and ? is not a cube in L then $$c_k^{\gamma}$$ is the characteristic function of a difference set in the elementary abelian additive group of L; i.e. $$c_k^{\gamma}$$ is a bent function.