Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 1993"
1,054 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 212-layer, thermodynamic numerical model is used to study the dynamics, thermodynamics and mixed-layer physics of Indian Ocean circulation, and a surface mixed layer of temperature Tm is imbedded in the upper layer of the model, and entrainment and detrainment in the mixed layer are determined by wind stirring and surface cooling.
659 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether the range and severity of academic dishonesty engaged in during undergraduate studies is related to the extent of dishonesty involved in later during employment and found that subjects who admitted to having engaged in a wide range of academic dishonest behaviours also admitted to work-related dishonesty.
Abstract: This article investigates whether the range and severity of academic dishonesty engaged in during undergraduate studies is related to the range and severity of dishonesty engaged in later during employment. Self-reported data was collected from 60 MBA students. Findings indicate that subjects who admitted to having engaged in a wide range of academic dishonesty also admitted to a wide range of work-related dishonesty. Additionally, those subjects who engaged in behaviors considered severely dishonest in college also engaged in behaviors considered severely dishonest at work.
347 citations
193 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the annual cycle of temperature in the subthermocline equatorial Pacific using a new compilation of historical hydrographic profiles and found that the observations have several characteristics suggestive of a vertically propagating, first meridional mode (l = 1) longwavelength Rossby wave: phase lines that slope downward from east to west indicative of upward and westward phase propagation amplitude maxima parallel to phase lines.
Abstract: The annual cycle of temperature in the subthermocline equatorial Pacific is studied using a new compilation of historical hydrographic profiles. The observations have several characteristics suggestive of a vertically propagating, first meridional mode (l=1) long-wavelength Rossby wave: phase lines that slope downward from east to west indicative of upward and westward phase propagation amplitude maxima parallel to phase lines, and nearly symmetric off-equatorial maxima of annual amplitude. Estimates of zonal wavenumber, vertical wavenumber, and the location of maxima of isotherm displacements are consistent with those of the l = 1 Rossby wave. A solution to a linear continuously stratified model, driven by a version of the observed annual wind field, confirms this interpretation. The solution is dominated by a vertically propagating, l = 1 Rossby wave. The wave is generated primarily by the westward-propagating component of the equatorial zonal wind field; it carries energy along WKB ray paths i...
155 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the predictability of rater leniency from scores on an instrument designed to measure rater discomfort with performance appraisal situations The 20-item Performance Appraisal Discomfort Scale (PADS) was administered twice to a sample of 178 undergraduate business students who rated performance of group members on three group projects under conditions designed to emulate features of actual appraisal situations.
Abstract: This study investigated the predictability of rater leniency from scores on an instrument designed to measure rater discomfort with performance appraisal situations The 20-item Performance Appraisal Discomfort Scale (PADS) was administered twice to a sample of 178 undergraduate business students who rated performance of group members on three group projects under conditions designed to emulate features of actual appraisal situations Results supported the notion that rater leniency is stable and predictable from PADS scores Also, principal-component extracted and varimax rotated factors of the PADS were interpreted as corresponding to four distinct situational demands placed on raters in the course of performance appraisal The results of this limited demonstration of the validity of PADS suggest that future application of the PADS or some like instrument may be useful for enhancing the validity of appraisal ratings and feedback utility
105 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that cigarettes were viewed as a less serious substance abuse problem than were alcohol or cocaine and recovery was rated as more likely to occur from treatment than from self-change.
Abstract: Visitors (N = 579) to a science center read selected scenarios and evaluated the most likely outcome for a hypothetical substance abuser. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of six scenario conditions: a person with one of three different substance abuse problems (alcohol, tobacco, or cocaine) was crossed with two labels reflecting high or low substance dependence. Results indicated that: (1) cigarettes were viewed as a less serious substance abuse problem than were alcohol or cocaine (a person who smoked cigarettes was rated as more likely to recover from his problem, self-change was regarded as more appropriate and less stigma was associated with smoking than with the other two drugs); (2) non-abstinent recoveries of all types were greeted with skepticism; and (3) recovery was rated as more likely to occur from treatment than from self-change.
104 citations
TL;DR: Significant residual impairment in verbal learning efficiency subsequent to chronic cocaine use that results from memory storage difficulties rather than attentional impairment or general intellectual reduction is suggested.
97 citations
TL;DR: Results suggested that the anxiety-disordered African-American and white children who sought treatment from an outpatient mental health facility were more similar than different, but the two groups did differ somewhat on several variables, including rates of school refusal, severity of primary anxiety disorder, lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder, and total scores on the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised.
Abstract: There are little available data on African-American children with anxiety disorders. Treatment-seeking African-American (n=30) and white children (n=139), with a current DSM-III-R anxiety disorder, were compared on sociodemographic background variables, clinical characteristics, and lifetime rates of specific DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. Overall, results suggested that the anxiety-disordered African-American and white children who sought treatment from an outpatient mental health facility were more similar than different. The two groups did, however, differ somewhat on several variables (trend only), including rates of school refusal, severity of primary anxiety disorder, lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder, and total scores on the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised. More specifically, white children were more likely to present with school refusal and higher severity ratings, while African American children were more likely to have a history of posttraumatic stress disorder and score higher on the FSSC-R. The impact of these findings and the need for additional research are discussed.
92 citations
Journal Article•
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a study examining the effectiveness of a gay/lesbian panel discussion conducted within a university-level human sexuality class, which was intended to alter the students' attitudes regarding gays, lesbians, and persons with AIDS (PWAs).
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study examining the effectiveness of a gay/lesbian panel discussion conducted within a university-level human sexuality class. The panel was intended to alter the students' attitudes regarding gays, lesbians, and persons with AIDS (PWAs). A pretest-posttest design was used to assess student attitudes toward the target groups prior to and directly following the intervention. Results indicate that females reported significantly more positive attitudes than males overall, and that the panel was effective in altering the attitudes of females, while males showed no significant change from pretest to posttest. Supplemental analyses are presented, and implications for future research are discussed.
TL;DR: One hundred and twenty-two adult outpatients, 81 women and 41 men, in a community mental health center responded to a survey of history of sexual assault and abuse, finding 48% reported they had been sexually assaulted or abused.
Abstract: One hundred and twenty-two adult outpatients, 81 women and 41 men, in a community mental health center responded to a survey of history of sexual assault and abuse. Overall, 48% reported they had been sexually assaulted or abused, 59% of women and 24% of men. Forty-two percent of women and 17% of men reported they had been raped, 27% of women and 7% of men reported attempted rape, and 31% of women and 10% of men reported molestation. Characteristics of assaults and assailants were examined. Implications for training clinicians in the treatment of victims of sexual assault and abuse are discussed.
TL;DR: A 64-year-old woman who, in the past 5 years, complained of constipation/diarrhea, hyposudoresis, xerostomia and xerophthalmia, dysuria and orthostatic hypotension is presented.
Abstract: We present the case of a 64-year-old woman who, in the past 5 years, complained of constipation/diarrhea, hyposudoresis, xerostomia and xerophthalmia, dysuria and orthostatic hypotension. Cardiovascular reflexes analysis revealed sympathetic and parasympathetic failure. Norepinephrine was markedly reduced, both lying and after tilt. Norepinephrine infusion determined a significant rise in blood pressure, allowing the diagnosis of denervation hypersensitivity. The diagnosis of pure autonomic failure was made. Therapy with 9 alpha fludrocortisone and metoclopramide was initiated with marked and sustained symptomatic effect.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the SCID-I can be effectively administered by relatively inexperienced clinicians to diagnose older psychiatric patients reliably.
Abstract: We conducted one of the few studies that has examined the reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis I (SCID-I) with a mixed inpatient and outpatient population of adults 55 years old and over (range, 56–84 years; mean, 67.33 years). All SCID interviews were videotaped or audiotaped and were administered by Master's-level clinicians working toward their doctorate degrees in clinical psychology. Interrater reliability estimates (kappa and percentage agreement) were calculated for current major depressive episode (47% base rate) and the broad diagnostic categories of anxiety disorders (15% base rate) and somatoform disorders (12% base rate). Kappa values were .70, .77, and 1.0. Respective percentage agreement was 85% for major depression, 94% for anxiety disorders, and 100% for somatoform disorders. Overall percentage agreement was 91%. We conclude that the SCID-I can be effectively administered by relatively inexperienced clinicians to diagnose older psychiatric patients reliably. Directions that future research might take are offered.
TL;DR: Results indicated that female adolescent substance abusers were less submissive and more aggressive than normative counterparts; male substance abusers exhibited less assertiveness; mild to moderate levels of depression were evident in both female andmale substance abusers.
TL;DR: A review of treatment outcome research on pharmacological and behavioral treatments for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) can be found in this article, where a large number of case studies generally confirm these results and also show benefits from other behavioral treatments such as relaxation training, self-monitoring, and contingency management.
Abstract: This article reviews the published treatment outcome research on pharmacological and behavioral treatments for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS). Controlled group outcome studies of pharmacological treatments show about a 50–60% reduction in tics with haloperidol and pimozide and about a 20% reduction with clonidine. A controlled group outcome study and several within-subject design studies of behavioral treatments show about a 90% reduction in tics with habit reversal training. A large number of case studies generally confirm these results and also show benefits from other behavioral treatments such as relaxation training, self-monitoring, and contingency management. Clinical limitations of TS drugs are that they produce side effects in 50–85% of the patients and require continuous use, and long-term compliance with the medications is limited. The primary limitation of behavioral treatments is that they require a large initial time commitment. The methodological strengths of the controlled drug studies are the use of double-blind and group designs. For the behavioral studies, the strengths are rigorous recording and controlled within-subject designs.
TL;DR: The behavioral assessment of anxiety in older adults is reviewed in this article and gaps in the extant research are identified, and a research agenda for the future is developed.
Abstract: The behavioral assessment of anxiety in older adults is reviewed in this article. Despite the high rate of anxiety symptoms uncovered during the course of large-scale epidemiological studies, the comprehensive evaluation of anxiety in this age group (55 and over) is not highly sophisticated at this juncture. In this review, diagnostic issues, psychometric evaluation, motoric assessment, and psychophysiological assessment are considered. Throughout the articles, gaps in the extant research are identified, and a research agenda for the future is developed.
TL;DR: Three studies that measured body image and mood changes consequent to the consumption of a milkshake that differed in perceived number of calories and none of the hypothesized three-way interactions among group, PCC, and time of testing were significant.
Abstract: Three studies are reported that measured body image and mood changes consequent to the consumption of a milkshake that differed in perceived number of calories (high vs. low). The pilot investigation on normal-weight college females produced an interaction between perceived calorie content (PCC) and time of testing—subjects who received the high-calorie shake overestimated body size and were more dysphoric at posttest than subjects who received the low calorie shake. Study 2 provided a credibility check that the pilot investigation failed to include and replicated the interaction between PCC and time of testing for size estimation accuracy. The effect was a/so found for an attitudinal measure of body satisfaction, but only a main effect of time eventuated for the mood measure. Study 3 compared subjects who differed on exercise status (runners vs. sedentary controls). In general, runners were less negatively affected by the high-calorie shake than controls, however, none of the hypothesized three-way interactions among group, PCC, and time of testing were significant. The findings are discussed in terms of the need to further experimentally investigate factors that affect different aspects of body image. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TL;DR: The efficacy of multiple component behavioral interventions for reducing maladaptive responding exhibited by two individuals with dual sensory impairment and profound mental retardation was evaluated, and results indicated that differential reinforcement of other behavior approaches were not effective in either case.
Abstract: Many persons who have multiple sensory, physical, and developmental disabilities display behaviors that interfere significantly with adaptive functioning and social acceptance. In this investigation, the efficacy of multiple component behavioral interventions for reducing maladaptive responding exhibited by two individuals with dual sensory impairment and profound mental retardation was evaluated. Results indicated that differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) approaches were not effective in either case. However, when deceleration procedures (overcorrection or brief physical restraint) werc added, target behaviors decreased quickly. Also, interventions were faded in such a way that gains were maintained for 6 months with only minimal effort by staff. Ongoing assessment of concurrent effects of behavior reduction strategies revealed increases in time on task or amount of work completed, even though these responses were not targeted specifically. Yet negative side effects (e.g., increases in self...
TL;DR: In this article, a combined differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) plus over-correction program was used to eliminate behavior problems exhibited by two youths with profound mental retardation and deaf-blindness.
TL;DR: Findings support previous work suggesting that the WMS-R measures separate memory functions, and that the verbal/nonverbal Index distinction may not be a viable one.
TL;DR: The familial and socioeconomic factors that contribute to the exceedingly high prevalence rates of drug abuse in African-American children and their families are detailed.
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the effects of stent placement and balloon angioplasty on the vasa vasorum are temporary.
TL;DR: Characteristics of those who appeared versus those who did not appear for initial intake evaluation appointments at a traditional community mental center were determined, supporting the hypothesis that attendance was related to recent life stability as opposed to more general demographic and socioeconomic factors and clinically related variables.
Abstract: The present investigation was an attempt to determine characteristics of those who appeared versus those who did not appear for initial intake evaluation appointments at a traditional community mental center. Subjects were 189 individuals contacting the center for service from November of 1989 to April of 1990. Data were collected via self-report questionnaire and blind rating by clinical social workers of presenting problem for diagnostic category. Data analysis involved Chi-square procedures and Analysis of Variance. Those who appeared for initial appointment versus those who did not were differentiated with respect to employment versus unemployment, length of unemployment, tenure at current job, number of jobs in the past year, number of residences in the past year, tenure at current residence and number of marriages. Groups did not differ with respect to age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, income, educational attainment, legal difficulties, public assistance, referral sources, alcohol/drug problems, and a variety of variables related to mental health or treatment history and diagnostic category. Results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that attendance was related to recent life stability as opposed to more general demographic and socioeconomic factors and clinically related variables. Implications for increasing treatment utilization, particularly by those who are underserved in community mental health, were discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated psychosocial correlates of loneliness using self- and caretaker-reports in 6-12 year old non-referred and psychiatrically hospitalized children and found a moderate to strong relationship between loneliness and self-reported depression, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and anxiety.
Abstract: We investigated psychosocial correlates of loneliness using self- and caretaker-reports in 6–12 year old nonreferred and psychiatrically hospitalized children. In Phase 1, 109 nonreferred children completed self-report measures of internalizing problems, mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and teachers completed the CBCL-Teacher's Report Form. In Phase 2, a similar assessment battery was completed for 109 psychiatrically hospitalized children. Results indicated a moderate to strong relationship between loneliness and self-reported depression, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and anxiety. Children reporting high and low levels of loneliness were not differentiated by parent or teacher reports. Lonely children had lower IQs than their non-lonely peers.
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterize conformal mapping between two surfaces, S and S∗, based on Gaussian curvature before and after motion using Riemann-Christoffel tensors and Ricci tensors.
Abstract: We characterize conformal mapping between two surfaces, S and S∗, based on Gaussian curvature before and after motion. An explicit representation of the Gaussian curvature after conformal mapping is presented in terms of Riemann-Christoffel tensor and Ricci tensor and their derivatives. Based on changes in surface curvature, we are able to estimate the stretching of non-rigid motion during conformal mapping via a polynomial approximation.
TL;DR: In this paper, cognitive, hyperventilatory, and conditioning theories of panic have been proposed and combined to address possible multiple causal pathways and have been found to be relatively more effective than interventions based on only one etiological perspective.
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: The precise implementation of behavioral programs in the psychiatric setting is dependent primarily on the technical expertise of a variety of paraprofessionals and professionals, such as nursing assistants, mental health workers (usually B.A. level personnel), psychiatric nurses, and social workers.
Abstract: The precise implementation of behavioral programs in the psychiatric setting is dependent primarily on the technical expertise of a variety of paraprofessionals and professionals, such as nursing assistants, mental health workers (usually B.A. level personnel), psychiatric nurses, and social workers. Irrespective of the particular setting in which a behavioral program is introduced (i. e., a state hospital, a mental health center, a university hospital, a Veterans Administration Hospital, or a general hospital), the aforementioned staff have literally “life-and-death” powers over its success or failure. Many a naive behavior therapist, although well trained and certainly well intentioned, has failed in his or her attempts either to implement a behavioral program from scratch or to replace an existing program with one behaviorally oriented. In both cases, failure can usually be traced to poor administrative support and staff resistance. Staff resistance is undoubtedly a result of inadequate preparation, the contrasting (and often covert) goals of the staff and the program initiator, incomplete training of the staff, and ineffective staff consultation once the program has been established.