Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 2002"
TL;DR: Base rates of probable malingering and symptom exaggeration are reported from a survey of the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology membership, and diagnosis was supported by multiple sources of evidence, including severity and pattern.
Abstract: Base rates of probable malingering and symptom exaggeration are reported from a survey of the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology membership. Estimates were based on 33,531 annual cases involved in personal injury, (n = 6,371). disability (n = 3,688), criminal (n = 1,341), or medical (n = 22,131) matters. Base rates did not differ among geographic regions or practice settings, but were related to the proportion of plaintiff versus defense referrals. Reported rates would be 2-4% higher if variance due to referral source was controlled. Twenty-nine percent of personal injury, 30% of disability, 19% of criminal, and 8% of medical cases involved probable malingering and symptom exaggeration. Thirty-nine percent of mild head injury, 35% of fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue, 31% of chronic pain, 27% of neurotoxic, and 22% of electrical injury claims resulted in diagnostic impressions of probable malingering. Diagnosis was supported by multiple sources of evidence, including severity (65% of cases) or pattern (64% of cases) of cognitive impairment that was inconsistent with the condition, scores below empirical cutoffs on forced choice tests (57% of cases), discrepancies among records, self-report, and observed behavior (56%), implausible self-reported symptoms in interview (46%), implausible changes in test scores across repeated examinations (45%), and validity scales on objective personality tests (38% of cases).
950 citations
TL;DR: The need to further evaluate the characteristics of indicator microbes within tropical and subtropical water systems where natural vegetation, soil embankments, and long-term sediment accumulation are present is demonstrated.
Abstract: The potential regrowth of fecal indicator bacteria released into coastal environments in recreational water bodies has been of concern, especially in tropical and subtropical areas where the number of these bacteria can be artificially elevated beyond that from fecal impacts alone. The task of determining the factors that influence indicator bacterial regrowth was addressed though a series of field sampling and laboratory experiments using in situ densities of Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens in river water, sediment, and soil. Field sampling efforts included the collection of surface sediments along the cross section of a riverbank, a 20-cm-deep soil core, and additional surface soils from remote locations. In addition to field sampling, two types of laboratory experiments were conducted. The first experiment investigated the survival of bacteria already present in river water with the addition of sterile and unsterile sediment. The second experiment was designed to simulate the wetting and drying effects due to tidal cycles. The results from the sampling study found elevated numbers of E. coli and C. perfringens in surficial sediments along the riverbank near the edge of the water. C. perfringens was found in high numbers in the subsurface samples obtained from the soil core. Results from laboratory experiments revealed a significant amount of regrowth for enterococci and E. coli with the simulation of tides and addition of sterile sediment. Regrowth was not observed for C. perfringens. This study demonstrates the need to further evaluate the characteristics of indicator microbes within tropical and subtropical water systems where natural vegetation, soil embankments, and long-term sediment accumulation are present. In such areas, the use of traditional indicator microbes to regulate recreational uses of a water body may not be appropriate.
467 citations
TL;DR: The results appear to support the use of the PSI-SF with lower socioeconomic, primarily African American mothers and provide indirect support for the generalizability of a 3-factor model of parenting stress.
Abstract: Examines psychometric characteristics of the 36-item Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) in a low-income, predominantly minority population. Relations between the PSI-SF, demographic, and psychosocial factors associated with parenting stress were examined. Internal consistencies for the PSI-SF were very good to excellent. However, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that a 3-factor model comprised of Parental Distress, Difficult Child, and Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction subscales was only marginally superior to a single-factor model. A series of multiple regression analyses examining the relation of psychosocial and demographic measures to PSI-SF subscales were more supportive of the 3-factor model proposed by Abidin (1995). As anticipated, the PSI-SF Difficult Child subscale was most strongly associated with a measure of child oppositionality, and the Parental Distress subscale was most highly associated with self-reported psychological symptoms and low income. Parent-Child Dysfun...
443 citations
TL;DR: The intent of this study was to validate true intrusion of molars in adults, to test the stability of miniplates as anchorage for intruding posterior teeth in the maxilla, and to record the skeletal and dental changes of open-bite closure.
277 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the psychometric properties of a parenting style measure, the Parental Authority Questionnaire - Revised (PAQ-R), in a large, ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample.
Abstract: Baumrind's conceptualization of parenting style has influenced research and theorizing about child-rearing for more than 30 years, yet few clinical applications of this work have been realized. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a parenting style measure, the Parental Authority Questionnaire – Revised (PAQ-R). This project furthered the development and validation of the instrument by examining the factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity of the PAQ-R in a large, ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample. The factor structure and reliability of the PAQ-R was modest, but generally within the acceptable range. Specifically, the Authoritarian and Permissive subscales of the PAQ-R had modest reliability and convergent validity; these PAQ-R subscales correlated with relevant subscales of the Parenting Scale and the Parent–Child Relationship Inventory. By contrast, the Authoritativeness subscale had poorer psychometric properties when used in lower SES, primarily African American populations. While African American mothers in the sample reported being more Permissive than did Caucasian mothers, these differences disappeared after controlling for income and maternal education. By contrast, African American mothers continued to report more Authoritarian attitudes even after controlling for income and maternal education.
257 citations
TL;DR: It appears that even though much of the coral was dead, the maintenance of structural complexity allowed the fish assemblage to avoid a similar catastrophic change to that experienced by the coral assemblages.
Abstract: Two positive sea-surface temperature anomalies occurred in the Arabian Gulf in short sequence. Between May and August 1996 and 1998, sea-surface temperatures in the southern Arabian Gulf were elevated by 2°C above average. The consequences for coral fauna, coral diseases and coral regeneration were studied in Dubai (United Arab Emirates) between Jebel Ali and Ras Hasyan. In 1996, coral death was widespread, affecting primarily the genus Acropora. In Acropora-dominated areas, live coral cover was reduced from 90% to about 26% in 1996, while in 1998 only a reduction from 26% to 22% of the remaining coral cover occurred. In the study area, all six Acropora species suffered total mortality in 1996, thus the coral fauna was reduced from 34 species to 27. The nearest areas with surviving Acropora were 30 km to the east (Deira) and 20 km to the west (Al Jazira). Massive coral species suffered negligible mortality, and slowly increased in space cover. The Acropora overkill turned 7.9 km2 (19.7% of total coral-covered area) of previously lush coral gardens into a dead framework that was increasingly bioeroded. Acropora recruitment only started in 1998, average recruit size in 1999 was 7±3 cm, and recruits were rare. Prior to the mass mortality event, coral diseases were common and seasonal (14±5% of corals, mainly Acropora, affected in summer, in winter 7±6%, mainly massives), after the mortality event seasonality was lost and infection remained below winter levels (6±5%, only massives infected). In fish, overall species richness decreased from 95 to 64 species in point counts, but frequency only decreased in one species (Pseudochromis persicus). Guild structure changed inasmuch as herbivores and planktivores increased, and invertivores decreased, although differences were not statistically significant. The most abundant family, both prior to and after the coral mass mortality, was Lutjanidae. It appears that even though much of the coral was dead, the maintenance of structural complexity allowed the fish assemblage to avoid a similar catastrophic change to that experienced by the coral assemblage.
206 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary testing of dried fins from Asian and Mediterranean commercial markets suggests that the genetic approach will be useful for determining the species of origin of detached fins, thus allowing the monitoring of trade in shark fins for conservation assessment.
Abstract: The conservation and management of sharks on a species-specific basis is a pressing need because of the escalating demand for shark fins and the recognition that individual shark species respond differently to exploitation. Difficulties with the identification of many commonly fished sharks and their body parts has resulted in a global dearth of catch and trade information, making reliable assessment of exploitation effects and conservation needs for individual species nearly impossible. We developed and tested a highly stream- lined molecular genetic approach based on species-specific, polymerase-chain-reaction primers in an eight- primer multiplex format to discriminate simultaneously between body parts from six shark species common in worldwide pelagic fisheries. The species-specific primers are based on DNA sequence differences among spe- cies in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 locus. The primers and multiplex format accu- rately and sensitively distinguished samples from each of three lamnid ( Isurus oxyrinchus , Isurus paucus , and Lamna nasus ) and three carcharhinid ( Prionace glauca , Carcharhinus obscurus , and Carcharhinus falciformis ) species from all but one other shark species encountered in the North Atlantic fishery. Furthermore, the three lamnid primers were robust enough in their discriminatory power to be useful for species diagnosis on a glo- bal scale. Preliminary testing of dried fins from Asian and Mediterranean commercial markets suggests that our genetic approach will be useful for determining the species of origin of detached fins, thus allowing the monitoring of trade in shark fins for conservation assessment. Our approach will also facilitate detection of products from protected and other at-risk shark species and may prove useful as a model for development of the high-throughput, genetic, species-diagnosis methods typically required in conservation and management contexts.
171 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of service quality and discuss its potential for offering a competitive advantage; to test several research propositions concerning service quality in the Thai telecommunications industry; and to offer managerial implications of the study's findings and provide directions for future research.
Abstract: The objectives of this paper are to provide an overview of service quality and discuss its potential for offering a competitive advantage; to test several research propositions concerning service quality in the Thai telecommunications industry; and to offer managerial implications of the study’s findings and provide directions for future research. The results indicated that perceptions and expectations of service quality level showed no significant difference. A post hoc analysis found that the telecommunication industry received excellent ratings on tangibles, particularly customer service staff’s dress, and low ratings on empathy, particularly service providers’ interest differences. Tangibles are an aspect of service quality that is extremely important to the Thai telecommunication customer. This study provides evidence supporting the proposition that consumers distinguish between the performance cues of customer‐contact employee groups. Service delivery systems should create positive moments of truth by ensuring that the point of customers’ contact is reduced to a minimum.
163 citations
TL;DR: The potential for enhancing fish abundance, species richness, and biomass on artificial reefs was examined by attaching floating attractants and manipulating structural complexity of small concrete reefs each approximately 1.3 m in diameter, 1 m high.
Abstract: The potential for enhancing fish abundance, species richness, and biomass on artificial reefs was examined by attaching floating attractants and manipulating structural complexity of small concrete reefs each approximately 1.3 m in diameter, 1 m high. Experimental design consisted of a comparison of fish assemblages among three treatments (10 replicate, hemisphere-shaped reefs each): 10-m floating line attached (Streamer); concrete block in the central void space (Block); and no floating line or concrete block (Control). Reefs were deployed on sandy substrate at 20-m depth off Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Divers recorded fish census data on slates 18 times over 24 months. Species composition, numbers of individuals per species, and estimated total length (TL; by size class: 20 cm) for all fishes within 1 m of each reef were recorded. Size classes were used to calculate fish biomass. There was a significant difference among treatments. Block reefs had higher numbers of individuals, species, and biomass than Streamer or Control reefs (p 0.05). These results highlight the importance of structural complexity in artificial reefs designed to enhance fish recruitment, aggregation, and diversity. Copyright 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
154 citations
TL;DR: Interestingly, a few species seemed to be associated with a particular plant, notably in the case of the evergreen shrub C. albidus, suggesting that such species might be genuine phylloplane inhabitants (or at least of aerial plant surfaces) even though they appeared not to display host specificity.
Abstract: Mediterranean ecosystems have not been consistently investigated as natural habitats for microbes in general, and fungi in particular. Here we present the results of a survey of epiphytic mycobiota (filamentous fungi and yeasts) on the phylloplane of selected plants in the Arrabida Natural Park, an ecosystem of Mediterranean characteristics in Portugal, using conventional culture-dependent isolation methods. Leaves from the species Acer monspessulanum and Quercus faginea (deciduous trees) and Cistus albidus, Pistacia lentiscus, and Osyris quadripartita (evergreen shrubs) were collected twice a year for two consecutive years, at two distinct locations of Serra da Arrabida: the more humid northern slope and the drier southern slope. A total of 1029 strains of filamentous fungi and 540 strains of yeasts were isolated, which represented at least 36 and 46 distinct species, respectively. Total counts were higher on the plants from the northern slope and there was a general increase from spring to autumn, notably on the deciduous trees for the yeasts. Plant species that had higher numbers of leaf colonists (A. monspessulanum, C. albidus, and Q. faginea) also yielded a wider range of species. Among the filamentous fungi there was a predominance of species of ascomycetous affinity, whereas basidiomycetous species dominated among yeast isolates. Some of the taxa recovered were common to other phylloplane studies (e.g., ubiquitous molds and yeasts such as Cladosporium spp. and Cryptococcus spp., respectively), but less common species were also found, some of which appeared to represent undescribed taxa. Interestingly, a few species seemed to be associated with a particular plant, notably in the case of the evergreen shrub C. albidus. However, for a considerable number of fungi and yeasts the same taxon was recovered throughout the year from more than one plant and at both sites, suggesting that such species might be genuine phylloplane inhabitants (or at least of aerial plant surfaces) even though they appeared not to display host specificity.
153 citations
TL;DR: Sibutramine is one of the few established and well-proven agents for obesity available for use today and should be considered effective in the management of patients requiring pharmacotherapy as part of the multi-modal approach to weight-loss.
TL;DR: The results support the premise that the development of a mood and/or anxiety disorder following pediatric head injury is mediated by multiple determinants and suggest that early psychosocial assessment and interventions aimed at increasing a child's coping may attenuate the emotional consequences of pediatric brain injury.
Abstract: Studies utilizing standardized instruments for assessing mood and/or anxiety disorders following pediatric traumatic brain injury have seldom been reported in the literature. Previous reports have largely focused on cognitive impairment, behavioral dysfunction, or adaptive functioning, and have typically relied on parental informants. In this study, children hospitalized for mild (N = 42) and moderate/severe (N = 19) brain injury were assessed 6-months postinjury using the Anxiety disorders Module A and the Mood disorders Module C of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children – IV Revision (DISC-IV). The data collected for the brain injury groups were compared to an orthopedic control group (N = 35). The relationship between a new onset mood and/or anxiety disorder (NOD) and injury severity indices was examined. Sequential logistical regression was also utilized to examine the impact of a brain injury, demographic variables, preinjury psychiatric disturbance, development disorders, litigation status a...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss how companies should develop a customer retention focus and initiatives to maximize long-term customer value, and explain how usage segmentation can assist in relationship-building, retention strategy and profit planning.
Abstract: This paper discusses how companies should develop a customer retention focus and initiatives to maximise long-term customer value. Specifically, it examines the importance of customer retention; conceptualises an integrated customer value/retention model; and explains how usage segmentation can assist in relationship-building, retention strategy and profit planning. A brief case history of Fast Industries, a specialty plastics manufacturer, illustrates these ideas in practice. Implications for marketers and customer value managers are offered and research directions for scholars working in retention marketing are identified.
TL;DR: The motivational issues encountered by a representative group of international distance education students are described, as well as a specific, low-cost motivational intervention that assisted the instructors of these students to improve completion rates by providing effective and efficient motivational student support.
Abstract: Distance education is rapidly becoming an increasingly important and even preferred method of instructional delivery for many educational contexts. In spite of the many student benefits surrounding distance learning programs, however, a great number of distance learning courses suffer from extremely low student completion rates when compared to their traditional classroom-based counterparts. Although it may be tempting to point to instructional content and methods as the source of low distance learning completion rates, it can be shown that it is often motivational problems, and not the instruction itself, which lay at the root of these statistics. This article describes the motivational issues encountered by a representative group of international distance education students, as well as a specific, low-cost motivational intervention that assisted the instructors of these students to improve completion rates by providing effective and efficient motivational student support.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the social bonding model to understand the reported likelihood of ethical rule breaking of employees, using a sample of 200 employees, and found that the elements of attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief can be used to better understand thereported likelihood of unethical behavior of employees.
Abstract: As employees continue to lie, cheat, and steal from their employers, researchers have tried to help managers understand and possibly predict such deviant behavior. This study considers the specific employee misconduct of ethical rule breaking. Hirschi (1969) suggested that deviant behavior can be better understood by social bonding theory. The social bonding model includes four elements; attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. It is proposed that Hirschi's social bonding theory can be used to understand ethical rule breaking by employees. Using a sample of 200 employees, the results indicate that the social bonding elements of attachment and involvement can be used to better understand the reported likelihood of ethical rule breaking of employees. Recommendations for better applying the social bonding model to ethical rule breaking are suggested.
TL;DR: A brief community-level mail intervention for problem drinkers who had never sought treatment resulted in sizable reductions in alcohol use over the year after the intervention compared with the year before, suggesting that public health campaigns could have a substantial effect on reducing alcohol problems and associated costs as well as getting some individuals into treatment.
Abstract: Background: By using a public health approach to the treatment of alcohol problems, this study analyzed the efficacy and cost analysis of two versions of a community-level mail intervention to promote self-change among alcohol abusers who had never sought help or treatment. Methods: A total of 825 participants who responded to media solicitations were randomly assigned to one of two interventions: (a) for bibliotherapy/drinking guidelines (n = 411), they were given two pamphlets with information about the effects of alcohol and guidelines for low-risk drinking and self-monitoring, and (b) for motivational enhancement/personalized feedback (n = 414), personalized advice/feedback was provided on the basis of the participants' assessment of their drinking and related behaviors. Results: Although both groups exhibited significant reductions in drinking from 1 year before to 1 year after intervention, there were no significant differences between the two interventions for any variable. This suggests that the materials. irrespective of whether they were personalized, facilitated the reduction of drinking. Cost analysis revealed that a brief mail intervention could reduce drinking at a very low cost per participant (US$46 to US$97). Conclusions: A brief community-level mail intervention for problem drinkers who had never sought treatment resulted in sizable reductions in alcohol use over the year after the intervention compared with the year before. Furthermore, many of those with poorer outcomes engaged in a natural stepped-care process by seeking help. These results, coupled with the low cost to deliver the intervention, suggest that public health campaigns could have a substantial effect on reducing alcohol problems and associated costs as well as getting some individuals into treatment. Such an approach would represent a shift from the alcohol field's long-standing clinical focus to a broader public health perspective.
TL;DR: Students with a preference for systematic planning and an intellectual understanding of a situation are more likely to succeed than students preferring concrete experience and interaction with other students in a Web-based learning environment.
Abstract: One hundred and fifty-nine doctoral students, majoring in Computing Technology in Education (CTE), were tracked during the coursework phase in a Web-based learning environment. At the beginning of the coursework, each student completed a demographic data form and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI). Due to the type of program, it was hypothesized that students would primarily fall into Kolb's Converger and Assimilator categories, and learning style would predict completion of the required courses. Results indicated 84.3% (n=134) of all students finished the required coursework. One hundred and twenty-four of the students (78%) fell into the predicted categories and, of these, 87.1% (n=108) finished the coursework. Students not falling into the predicted categories (n=35) had a 74.3% (n=26) completion rate. An examination of the means scores for both groups indicated that students with a preference for Conceptualization dropped out of the program at significantly lower rates, t(157)=1.667, p=.045(one-tailed), than students with other preferred learning strategies. The implications are clear. First, students, for the most part, are able to adapt their personal learning styles in order to succeed in a Web-based learning environment. Second, students with a preference for systematic planning and an intellectual understanding of a situation are more likely to succeed than students preferring concrete experience and interaction with other students. Institutions offering programs of this type should be prepared to address learning style issues when developing and offering such programs.
TL;DR: It is concluded that MA safely increased appetite and body weight, stimulated ventilation, and improved body image in underweight COPD patients, but did not improve respiratory muscle function or exercise tolerance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the concept of conflict transformation in relation to earlier ideas concerning the resolution of conflict and seek to differentiate between the two approaches and make an effort to delineate the core characteristics of the approach, viewed either as a process or an end state.
Abstract: The paper considers the concept of ‘conflict transformation’ in relation to earlier ideas concerning the ‘resolution’ of conflict and seeks to differentiate between the two approaches. Writers and writings from the conflict transformation ‘school’ are surveyed and an effort is made to delineate the core characteristics of the approach, viewed either as a process or an end state. Questions are raised about transformation on a personal, group or conflict system level, all of which seem to be encompassed by various adherents of the transformation school, and the unifying concept that emerges is that of the relationship between adversaries being transformed by a variety of techniques. However, it is finally argued that the very idea of ‘relationship’ is itself ambiguous so that a real intellectual effort needs to be made to clarify its nature and characteristics, and the various ways in which relationships can be changed.
TL;DR: Patients with the chronic pelvic pain syndrome are more likely to have a low IL-10 producing genotype, suggesting autoimmunity as a potential etiology.
TL;DR: A proposed set of tenets and principles for patient care which is offered as a starting point for discussion and comment within the osteopathic profession and shares two characteristics with previous guidelines, or defined sets of values.
Abstract: New & Noteworthy The philosophic and scientific basis of osteopathic medicine was established by Andrew Taylor Still in the late 19th century. In 1922, the first profession-wide attempt at codifying the osteopathic philosophy into simple phrases or precepts was made by Louisa Burns, DO, as the dean of the A.T. Still Research Institute, along with representatives from each of the osteopathic medical schools.1 Their ideas were summarized and updated in 1953, in a statement developed at the Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery.2 The Kirksville group offered a “tentative formulation” of a teaching guide for faculty, hospital staff, and student body. Their interpretation of the osteopathic concept described what are now four well-known tenets: (1) the body is a unit; (2) the body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms; (3) structure and function are reciprocally interrelated; and (4) rational therapy is based on an understanding of body unity, self-regulatory mechanisms, and the interrelationship of structure and function. The following statement is a proposed set of tenets and principles for patient care which is offered as a starting point for discussion and comment within the osteopathic profession. These ideas were developed by a multidisciplinary ad hoc committee broadly representative of family practice, manipulative medicine, internal medicine, and the basic sciences. The statement shares two characteristics with previous guidelines, or defined sets of values. First, if the tenets are accurate and true, they will stand the test of time; it is rare for guidelines to carry sufficient authority that they endure because of the status of the authors. Second, well-stated guidelines invite individual interpretation and expression of understanding that reflect the relevance of these materials to the scientific investigation and the clinical practice of osteopathic medicine.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present new observations of an ecosystem ranging through three trophic levels: phytoplankton, zooplanka and small pelagic fish whirling within a tropical vortex of the Atlantic ocean and associated with meridional undulations.
Abstract: [1] The equatorial Pacific and Atlantic oceans exhibit remarkable meridional undulations in temperature and chlorophyll fronts visible from space over thousands of kilometers and often referred to as tropical instability waves. Here, we present new observations of an ecosystem ranging through three trophic levels: phytoplankton, zooplankton and small pelagic fish whirling within a tropical vortex of the Atlantic ocean and associated with such undulations. Cold, nutrient and biologically rich equatorial waters are advected northward and downward to form sharp fronts visible in all tracers and trophic levels. The equatorward recirculation experiences upwelling at depth, with the pycnocline and ecosystem progressively moving toward the surface to reconnect with the equatorial water mass. The observations thus indicate that it is a fully three-dimensional circulation that dominates the distribution of physical and biological tracers in the presence of tropical instabilities and maintains the cusp-like shapes of temperature and chlorophyll observed from space.
TL;DR: The results provided the first statistical research data to show the effectiveness of HBOT in improving blood flow in CND and indicate that HBOT can be an effective part of the treatment for such clients.
Abstract: While no research study has yet demonstrated convincing evidence for the efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in patients with chronic neurological disorders (CND), anecdotal studies have been supportive of its use in improving healing of the damaged brain. The current study hypothesized that (1) individuals with CND show increases in cerebral blood flow and metabolism as measured by Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in the cerebral hemispheres, but not on measures of cerebellar and pons blood flow; and (2) younger patients show more improvement than older patients. The study used archival data to compare 25 older and 25 younger subjects who were given SPECT scans pretherapy, midtherapy, and posttherapy. ANOVAs using the SPECT scans as a within subjects variable and age as a between subjects variable confirmed the hypothesis that the cerebral measures all changed but that the cerebellar and pons measures did not. Post-hoc t-tests confirmed that there was improvement in blood flow from the beginning to the end of the study. An age effect was found on only two of the five measures; however, there were no interactions. Analysis by post-hoc t-tests showed that the younger group had higher blood flows, but not more improvement than the older group. The results provided the first statistical research data to show the effectiveness of HBOT in improving blood flow in CND. These results indicate that HBOT can be an effective part of the treatment for such clients. The implications of these findings and future research directions were discussed.
TL;DR: Although the two measures were not directly compared, it appears that the RFL-YA has greater specificity for exploring aspects of the protective construct and may be more parsimonious than the CS-RFL.
Abstract: Assessment of the reliability, validity, and predictive power of a new measure, the Reasons for Living Inventory for Young Adults (RFL-YA) is described. A series of three studies was conducted at two Midwestern universities to develop initial items for this new measure, refine item selection, and demonstrate the psychometric properties of the RFL-YA. The theoretical differences between the RFL-YA and the College Student Reasons for Living Inventory (CS-RFL) are discussed. Although the two measures were not directly compared, it appears that the RFL-YA has greater specificity for exploring aspects of the protective construct and may be more parsimonious than the CS-RFL. Principal-axis factor analysis yielded a five-factor solution for the RFL-YA accounting for 61.5% of the variance. This five-factor oblique model was confirmed in the final phase of investigation. Alpha estimates for the five subscales ranged from.89 to.94. Concurrent, convergent-discriminant, and criterion validity also were demonstrated. The importance of assessing protective factors in addition to negative risk factors for suicidality is discussed. Directions for future research with the RFL-YA also are discussed.
TL;DR: Collagen fiber orientation in human and chimpanzee femoral neck cortices was examined using circularly polarized light, which has been shown to be a strong correlate of bone loading patterns and corroborative evidence of bone's ability to preferentially orient collagen fibers during extracellular matrix deposition.
TL;DR: This paper will attempt to identify significant issues of conflict between administration and faculty, and in some cases, how those issues were resolved.
Abstract: The emergence of online instruction has created new challenges and opportunities for administrators and faculty to work together solving problems common to both parties. In early 1998, Nova Southeastern University (NSU) began its online MBA program (eMBA). During the early adoption phase, many administrative matters affecting faculty and students emerged, requiring in some cases, unique solutions. Those matters ranged from lack of substantial online learning resources to faculty compensation for teaching online, and a host of other similar issues. During this emergence of online focus, more attention has been increasingly paid to the collaboration in business and research, and development and education [J. Adolesc. Adult Lit. 45 (2001) 52]. This paper will attempt to identify significant issues of conflict between administration and faculty, and in some cases, how those issues were resolved.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define two sequences of differential operators for Appell polynomials and determine their differential equations via the factorization method introduced by Infeld and Hull (Rev. Mod. Phys. 23 (1951) 21).
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchy of models, varying from 2-layer to 4-layer systems, is used to explore the dynamics of the 11 22 Pacific Subsurface Countercurrents, commonly referred to as Tsuchiya Jets.
Abstract: A hierarchy of models, varying from 2 -layer to 4 -layer systems, is used to explore the dynamics of the 11 22 Pacific Subsurface Countercurrents, commonly referred to as ‘‘Tsuchiya Jets’’ (TJs). The TJs are eastward currents located on either side of the equator at depths from 200 to 500 m and at latitudes varying from about 28 to 78 north and south of the equator, and they carry about 14 Sv of lower-thermocline (upper-intermediate) water throughout the tropical Pacific. Solutions are found in idealized and realistic basins and are obtained both analytically and numerically. They are forced by winds and by a prescribed Pacific interocean circulation (IOC) with transport M (usually 10 Sv), representing the outflow of water in the Indonesian passages and a compensating inflow from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Analytic solutions to the 2 -layer model suggest that the TJs are geostrophic currents along arrested fronts. 1 2 Such fronts are generated when Rossby wave characteristics, carrying information about oceanic density structure away from boundaries, converge or intersect in the interior ocean. They indicate that the southern and northern TJs are driven by upwelling along the South American coast and in the ITCZ band, respectively, that the northern TJ is strengthened by a recirculation gyre that extends across the basin, and that TJ pathways are sensitive to stratification parameters. Numerical solutions to the 2 -layer and 4 -layer models confirm the analytic results, 11 22 demonstrate that the northern TJ is strengthened considerably by unstable waves along the eastward branch of the recirculation gyre, show that the TJs are an important branch of the Pacific IOC, and illustrate the sensitivity of TJ pathways to vertical-mixing parameterizations and the structure of the driving wind. In a solution to the 2 -layer model with M 5 0, the southern TJ vanishes but the northern one remains, being 1 2 maintained by the unstable waves. In contrast, both TJs vanish in the M 5 0 solution to the 4 -layer model,
TL;DR: Pediatrics residents need to receive additional education in performing the calculations needed to prescribe medications and should be required to demonstrate these necessary mathematical skills before they are allowed to prescribe medication.
Abstract: PURPOSE To evaluate residents' skills in performing basic mathematical calculations used for prescribing medications to pediatric patients. METHOD In 2001, a test of ten questions on basic calculations was given to first-, second-, and third-year residents at Miami Children's Hospital in Florida. Four additional questions were included to obtain the residents' levels of training, specific pediatrics intensive care unit (PICU) experience, and whether or not they routinely double-checked doses and adjusted them for each patient's weight. The test was anonymous and calculators were permitted. The overall score and the score for each resident class were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-one residents participated. The overall average test score and the mean test score of each resident class was less than 70%. Second-year residents had the highest mean test scores, although there was no significant difference between the classes of residents (p =.745) or relationship between the residents' PICU experiences and their exam scores (p =.766). There was no significant difference between residents' levels of training and whether they double-checked their calculations (p =.633) or considered each patient's weight relative to the dose prescribed (p =.869). Seven residents committed tenfold dosing errors, and one resident committed a 1,000-fold dosing error. CONCLUSION Pediatrics residents need to receive additional education in performing the calculations needed to prescribe medications. In addition, residents should be required to demonstrate these necessary mathematical skills before they are allowed to prescribe medications.
TL;DR: In preparation for a commentary on Saul Rosenzweig's classic 1936 paper, "Some Implicit Common Methods in Diverse Forms of Psychotherapy,” an amazing discovery was made: Saul Rosenzig is not only alive but also still contributing to science and society at age 93 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In preparation for a commentary on Saul Rosenzweig’s classic 1936 paper,“Some Implicit Common Methods in Diverse Forms of Psychotherapy,” anamazing discovery was made: Saul Rosenzweig is not only alive but also stillcontributing to science and society at age 93. This article sets the stage for aconversation with the incredibly prolific Dr. Rosenzweig by tracing the im-pact of his seminal contribution on early common factors theorists. Thisreview reveals Rosenzweig’s unrecognized but profound influence on lead-ing figures of not only common factors but also of psychotherapy itself. Aconversation with Rosenzweig, the founder of common factors, is presented.This noted scholar and wise elder of psychology reflects on the evolution ofhis thinking from common factors to idiodynamics, and on topics rangingfrom his passion for literature to his 1965 Buick Skylark, from the history ofpsychotherapy to falling in love with ideas.