Showing papers by "Ohio State University published in 1969"

A visual investigation of the wall region in turbulent flow

Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate for turbulent flow the fluid motions very near a solid boundary, and to create a physical picture which relates these motions to turbulence generation and transport processes. An experimental technique was developed which permitted detailed observations of the regions very near a pipe wall, including the viscous sublayer, without requiring the introduction of any injection or measuring device into the flow. This technique involved suspending solid particles of colloidal size in a liquid, and photographing their motions with a high-speed motion picture camera moving with the flow. To provide greater detail, the field of view was magnified.Fluid motions were observed to change in character with distance from the wall. The sublayer was continuously disturbed by small-scale velocity fluctuations of low magnitude and periodically disturbed by fluid elements which penetrated into the region from positions further removed from the wall. From a thin region adjacent to the sublayer, fluid elements were periodically ejected outward toward the centreline. Often there was associated with these events a zone of high shear at the interface between the mean flow and the decelerated region that gave rise to the ejected element. When the ejected element entered this shear zone, it interacted with the mean flow and created intense, chaotic velocity fluctuations. These ejections and resulting fluctuations were the most important feature of the wall region, and are believed to be a factor in the generation and maintenance of turbulence.

Bedside technics for the evaluation of ventricular function in man

Abstract: Characteristic changes in the systolic intervals of the left ventricle have been demonstrated among patients with arteriosclerotic, hypertensive and primary myocardial disease. These consist of a prolongation of the pre-ejection period and an abbreviation in the ejection time, while total electromechanical systole remains unaltered. The changes in the pre-ejection period and the left ventricular ejection time correlate well with the level of cardiac output and stroke volume. The ratio of the pre-ejection period to the left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) lends a convenient expression of these changes in the systolic intervals. The ease with which these measures can be obtained, using a noninvasive technic, suggests their use in the bedside evaluation of cardiac performance in man.

Word-of-mouth Communication by the Innovator:

Abstract: It is frequently claimed that “your best salesman is a satisfied customer.” Therefore, the innovator or first user of a new product or service can be a valuable asset to a firm. Do innovators in fa...

Types of Lexical Information

Abstract: A lexicon viewed as part of the apparatus of a generative grammar must make accessible to its users, for each lexical item, (i) the nature of the deep-structure syntactic environments into which the item may be inserted; (ii) the properties of the item to which the rules of grammar are sensitive; (iii) for an item that can be used as a ‘predicate’, the number of ‘arguments’ that it conceptually requires; (iv) the role(s) which each argument plays in the situation which the item, as predicate, can be used to indicate; (v) the presuppositions or ‘happiness conditions’ for the use of the item, the conditions which must be satisfied in order for the item to be used ‘aptly’; (vi) the nature of the conceptual or morphological relatedness of the item to other items in the lexicon; (vii) its meaning; and (viii) the phonological or orthographic shapes which the item assumes under given grammatical conditions.

Evaluation of edge-diffracted fields including equivalent currents for the caustic regions

Abstract: The fields diffracted by a body made up of finite axially symmetric cone frustums are obtained using the concepts of the geometrical theory of diffraction. The backscattered field for plane-wave incidence on such a target is obtained with particular emphasis on those regions that are usually avoided, namely, the caustic region and its immediate vicinity. The method makes use of equivalent electric and magnetic current sources which are incorporated in the geometrical theory of diffraction. This solution is such that it is readily incorporated in a general computer program, rather than requiring that a new program be written for each shape. Several results, such as the cone, the cylinder and the conically capped cylinder, are given. In addition, the method is readily applied to antenna problems. An example which is reported consists of the radiation by a stub over a circular ground plane. This present theory yields quite good agreement with experimental results reported by Lopez, whereas the original theory given by Lopez is in error by as much as 10 dB.

Microbial sulfate reduction and its potential utility as an acid mine water pollution abatement procedure.

Abstract: The presence of high concentrations of sulfate, iron, and hydrogen (acid) ions in drainage from coal mines and other areas containing waste pyritic materials is a serious water pollution problem. Sulfate can be removed from solution by microbial reduction to sulfide and subsequent precipitation as FeS. A mixed culture of microorganisms degraded wood dust cellulose, and the degradation products served as carbon and energy sources for sulfate-reducing bacteria. Metabolism of carbon compounds resulted in a net pH increase in the system. Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) and temperature and carbon supplements were studied in an effort to accelerate the sulfate reduction process, with the ultimate objective of utilizing the process as a pollution abatement procedure.

Verbs of judging: An exercise in semantic description

Abstract: (1969). Verbs of judging: An exercise in semantic description. Paper in Linguistics: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 91-117.

Efferent tectal pathways of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Abstract: Efferent tectal pathways have been determined for the opossum, Didelphis virginiana, by employing the Nauta-Gygax technique ('54) on animals with tectal lesions of varying sizes. The superior colliculus projected tectothalamic fascicles to the suprageniculate nucleus, the central nucleus of the medial geniculate body, the lateral posterior thalamus, the pretectal nucleus, the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the fields of Forel and zona incerta, the parafascicular complex, the paracentral thalamic nucleus and in some cases to restricted areas of the anterior thalamus. Degenerating fibers from superior collicular lesions showed profuse distribution to the deeper layers of the superior colliculus on both sides and to the midbrain tegmentum, but only minimally to the red nucleus and substantia nigra. Fibers of tectal origin did not distribute to the motor nuclei of the oculomotor or trochlear nerves. At pontine levels, efferent fascicles from the superior colliculus were present as an ipsilateral tectopontine and tectobulbar tract and as a crossed predorsal bundle. The tectopontine tract ended mostly within the lateral and ventral basal pontine nuclei, whereas the ipsilateral tectobulbar tract distributed to certain specific areas of the reticular formation throughout the pons and medulla, minimally to the most medial portion of the motor nucleus of the facial nerve and to the nucleus of the inferior olive. The predorsal tract contributed fascicles to certain nuclei of the pontine raphe, extensively to the medial reticular formation of the pons, to the central and ventral motor tegmental nuclei of the reticular formation within the pons and medulla, to the paraabducens region, minimally to cells within restricted portions of the motor nucleus of the facial nerve, to certail specific regions of the caudal medulla and to the cervical cord as far caudally as the fourth segment. The tectospinal fascicles were few but some ended related to the spinal accessory nucleus and the ventral medial nucleus of the ventral horn. Lesions of the inferior colliculus resulted in degenerating fibers which distributed rostrally to the rostral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and parabrachial region, to the suprageniculate nucleus, the parabigeminal nucleus and to the central nucleus of the medial geniculate body. The inferior colliculus also contributed fibers to the ipsilateral tectopontine and tectobulbar tracts. The latter bundle was traced as far caudally as the medulla and may arise from cells of the superior colliculus which are situated dorsal to the nucleus of the inferior colliculus.

Is Impulse Purchasing Really a Useful Concept for Marketing Decisions

Abstract: Impulse purchasing is an important aspect of customer in-store behavior as discussed in the previous article. The authors of this paper indicate that the concept, as presently employed, has limited...

Microbial Dissimilatory Sulfur Cycle in Acid Mine Water

Abstract: Ferric, sulfate, and hydrogen ions are produced from pyritic minerals associated with coal as a result of autotrophic bacterial metabolism. Water carrying these ions accumulated behind a porous dam composed of wood dust originating at a log-cutting mill. As water seeped through the porous dam, it was enriched in organic nutrients which then supported growth and metabolism of heterotrophic bacteria in the water downstream from the dam. The heterotrophic microflora within and below the sawdust dam included dissimilatory sulfate-reducing anaerobic bacteria which reduce sulfate to sulfide. The sulfide produced caused the chemical reduction of ferric to ferrous ion, and black FeS precipitate was deposited on the pond bottom. A net increase in the pH of the lower pond water was observed when compared to the upper pond water. Microbial activity in the wood dust was demonstrated, and a sequence of cellulose degradation processes was inferred on the basis of sugar accumulation in mixed cultures in the laboratory, ultimately yielding fermentation products which serve as nutrients for sulfate-reducing bacteria. Some of the microorganisms were isolated and characterized. The biochemical and growth characteristics of pure culture isolates were generally consistent with observed reactions in the acidic environment, with the exception of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Mixed cultures which contained sulfate-reducing bacteria reduced sulfate at pH 3.0 in the laboratory with sawdust as the only nutrient. Pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from the mixed cultures did not reduce sulfate below pH 5.5.

Deoxycytidine kinase. I. Distribution in normal and neoplastic tissues and interrelationships of deoxycytidine and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine phosphorylation.

Abstract: Deoxycytidine kinase is confined primarily to lymphoid tissues in the rat and mouse. Its activity varies widely, with highest levels in the thymus. A similar range of activities was found among the tumors examined. There is not an exact correlation of kinase activity with the cell proliferation rate. In crude tissue extracts the phosphorylation of cytosine arabinoside (araC) is inhibited to a variable and greater extent than the phosphorylation of deoxycytidine (CdR), and this inhibition is largely removed by dialysis of the preparations. Partially purified CdR kinase from calf thymus phosphorylates CdR, araC, GdR, and AdR, with CdR being the kinetically preferred substrate. Each of these nucleosides will competitively inhibit the phosphorylation of any of the others. Enzymatic activity is also inhibited by a number of nucleotides at physiological concentrations, and in each case the phosphorylation of araC is more sensitive to the inhibition than that of CdR, dTTP, dUTP, and UTP, which themselves inhibit phosphate transfer from ATP, nonetheless will partially reverse the very potent inhibition of dCTP. The preferential inhibition of araC phosphorylation in extracts is therefore tentatively explained in terms of complex interactions of a number of nucleosides and nucleotides with the enzyme, all of which tend to select for phosphorylation of CdR.

Modifications of receptive fields of cells in the visual cortex occurring spontaneously and associated with bodily tilt.

Abstract: THE spontaneous activity of many cells in the visual cortex of the cat is influenced by electrical stimulation of the labyrinth and by caloric stimulation1–3. The functional significance of this vestibular input to the visual pathways is not known. We present here a preliminary account of observations which might provide a role for this input.

Osmotically-induced alterations in volume and ultrastructure of mitochondria isolated from rat liver and bovine heart

Abstract: Detailed studies correlating changes in mitochondrial optical density, packed volume, and ultrastructure associated with osmotically-induced swelling were performed. Various swelling states were established by incubating mitochondria (isolated in 0.25 M sucrose) at 0°C for 5 min in series of KCl and sucrose solutions ranging in tonicity from 250 to 3 milliosmols. Reversibility of swelling was determined by examining mitochondria exposed to 250 milliosmols media after they had been induced to swell. Swelling induced by lowering the ambient tonicity to approximately 130 (liver mitochondria) and 90 (heart mitochondria) milliosmols involves primarily swelling of the inner compartment within the intact outer membrane. Decreasing the ambient tonicity beyond this level results in rupture of the outer membrane and expansion of the inner compartment through the break. The maximum extent of swelling, corresponding with complete unfolding of the cristae and an increase in over-all mitochondrial volume of approximately 6-fold (liver mitochondria) and 11-fold (heart mitochondria), is reached at approximately 15 (liver mitochondria) and 3 (heart mitochondria) milliosmols. Exposure of liver mitochondria to media of lower tonicity results in irreversibility of inner compartment swelling and escape of matrix material. These changes appear to result from increased inner membrane permeability, possibly due to stretching.

Means and ends in American abolitionism; Garrison and his critics on strategy and tactics, 1834-1850,

Abstract: The debate among those who sought to abolish slavery in America was a crucial one in the history of the nation, for it raised a great many questions we are still debating. Reading Ms. Kraditor's study of the abolitionists' thinking on the goals, strategy, and tactics of their cause, the modern reader can hardly escape seeing parallels with present-day politics and protest movements. Ms. Kraditor focuses on arguments over the role of women in the Anti-Slavery Society, over religion, and over political action. She sees a struggle between "respectability" and radical action which continues to reverberate. "From first to last this lucid, important book challenges preconceptions. Obviously Professor Kraditor intends to provoke critical reexamination of many points she raises, and in this she is brilliantly successful.... Her book is a fruitful exploration into the history of a great movement."-Harold M. Hyman, Book World. "Original, perceptive, provocative."-American Historical Review

Ultrastructure of fibrosarcoma in a male breast

Abstract: A case of fibrosarcoma in a male breast was studied with light and electron microscope. The study revealed a close morphologic similarity between the neoplastic cells and the fibroblasts. The neoplastic cells differ from normal fibroblasts in having increased number of cytoplasmic filaments and multiple nucleoli. These features were thought to be the result of neoplastic transformation. It is also thought that this neoplasm arose from the pectoral fascia.

Analysis of yagi-uda-type antennas

Abstract: A method of analyzing Yagi-Uda-type antennas is presented. Since the Yagi-Uda array is a fairly well-known antenna, it is used as an example to demonstrate the application and accuracy of the method. However, the method of solution is not limited to a planar array, such as the Yagi, but can be applied to arrays of nonplanar linear elements. The approach taken in analyzing Yagi-Uda antennas is based on rigorous equations for the electric field radiated by the elements in the array. All interactions are taken into account. Calculated results are presented for the Yagi-Uda array that show excellent agreement with experimental results reported in the literature. In addition, the dependence of the far-field patterns on the phase velocity is shown. It is also demonstrated that the phase velocity is generally nonuniform along the array.

Disaster warning and communication processes in two communities.

Abstract: This paper is based on a study of disaster warning in the communities of Crescent City, California and Hilo, Hawaii, both of which have had a history of tsunami threats and warnings. Disaster warning is viewed in the paper as a process consisting of a number of interrelated activities and procedures in which a variety of organizations and individuals become involved. The study indicates that local officials such as those in Crescent City and Hilo are responsible for evaluating incoming information concerning potentially disruptive environmental changes and for determining if a public warning is to be issued. Among the problems that local officials may face while attempting to meet such responsibilities is the lack of adequate information on which to base critical decisions and the difficulty of maintaining public willingness to comply with requests for evacuation when there have been repeated alerts not followed by disaster. Although both the communities in the study have undergone major tsunami disasters, the data show that this has been followed by significant change and improvement in warning procedures chiefly in Hilo. For example, evacuation areas have been predetermined in Hilo and a variety of mechanisms for transmitting tsunami warning signals and information to the public have been devised. These changes came about largely because local officials in Hilo received considerable feedback from scientific experts and others regarding the kinds of improvements needed in the community's warning system. Such a feedback process did not develop in Crescent City following the major tsunami disaster in that community and thus less change occurred in its warning procedures.

Structure of Exocellular Polymers and Their Relationship to Bacterial Flocculation

Abstract: Several gram-negative, polarly flagellated rods were isolated on the basis of their flocculent growth habit. Some of the isolates possessed a capsular matrix which is composed of exocellular fibrils. Other isolates did not appear to have a capsular matrix when examined with a bright-field microscope with or without the aid of stains. However, these latter type isolates did possess exocellular material which can be demonstrated by adsorption of a fluorescent dye under an ultraviolet microscope. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated that the exocellular material around all isolates examined is fibrillar. The fibrils were susceptible to cellulase although all fibrils did not appear to be identical. It is postulated that the exocellular polymers were responsible for the flocculent growth habit of the bacteria, and that the process of bacterial flocculation produced by synthetic polyelectrolytes was essentially the same as that caused by naturally produced exopolymers.