Institution
Royal Adelaide Hospital
Healthcare•Adelaide, South Australia, Australia•
About: Royal Adelaide Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gastric emptying. The organization has 5830 authors who have published 10241 publications receiving 347876 citations. The organization is also known as: Adelaide Hospital & RAH.
Topics: Population, Gastric emptying, Transplantation, Medicine, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is suggested that a proportion of gastrointestinal mechanosensors has multiple receptive fields and that they integrate mechanical and chemical information from an entire organ, constituting the generalists in visceral sensation.
Abstract: Mechano- and chemosensitive extrinsic primary afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract convey important information regarding the state of ingested nutrients and specific motor patterns to ...
103 citations
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TL;DR: Older people should focus on weight maintenance given that weight loss may result in undesirable loss of muscle mass and those who are morbidly obese who need to lose weight should be advised to maintain protein intake and exercise to preserve muscle mass.
103 citations
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TL;DR: Observation that rectal administration of TCA promptly stimulated secretion of both GLP‐1 and PYY, and increased fullness, in a dose‐dependent manner confirms that topical application of bile acids to the distal gut may have potential for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), secreted by enteroendocrine L-cells located most densely in the colon and rectum, are of fundamental importance in blood glucose and appetite regulation. In animal models, colonic administration of bile acids can stimulate GLP-1 and PYY by TGR5 receptor activation. We evaluated the effects of taurocholic acid (TCA), administered as an enema, on plasma GLP-1 and PYY, as well as gastrointestinal sensations in 10 healthy male subjects, and observed that rectal administration of TCA promptly stimulated secretion of both GLP-1 and PYY, and increased fullness, in a dose-dependent manner. These observations confirm that topical application of bile acids to the distal gut may have potential for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
103 citations
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University of Michigan1, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center2, University of Pennsylvania3, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston4, McGill University5, University of California, Los Angeles6, Paris Descartes University7, Boston University8, University College London9, University of Zurich10, Toronto Western Hospital11, University of Florence12, University of Western Ontario13, Royal Adelaide Hospital14, Genentech15
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to develop a composite response index in dcSSc (CRISS) for use in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) is characterized by rapid changes in the skin and internal organs. The objective of this study was to develop a composite response index in dcSSc (CRISS) for use in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We developed 150 paper patient profiles with standardized clinical outcome elements (core set items) using patients with dcSSc. Forty scleroderma experts rated 20 patient profiles each and assessed whether each patient had improved or not improved over a period of 1 year. Using the profiles for which raters had reached a consensus on whether the patients were improved versus not improved (79% of the profiles examined), we fit logistic regression models in which the binary outcome referred to whether the patient was improved or not, and the changes in the core set items from baseline to followup were entered as covariates. We tested the final index in a previously completed RCT. RESULTS Sixteen of 31 core items were included in the patient profiles after a consensus meeting and review of test characteristics of patient-level data. In the logistic regression model in which the included core set items were change over 1 year in the modified Rodnan skin thickness score, the forced vital capacity, the patient and physician global assessments, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, sensitivity was 0.982 (95% confidence interval 0.982-0.983) and specificity was 0.931 (95% confidence interval 0.930-0.932), and the model with these 5 items had the highest face validity. Subjects with a significant worsening of renal or cardiopulmonary involvement were classified as not improved, regardless of improvements in other core items. With use of the index, the effect of methotrexate could be differentiated from the effect of placebo in a 1-year RCT (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION We have developed a CRISS that is appropriate for use as an outcome assessment in RCTs of early dcSSc.
103 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that gastric emptying of liquid may be influenced by solid food and that the rate and pattern of solid emptying may be modified by the presence of liquid.
Abstract: The effects of three variations in meal composition (a solid and a liquid meal consumed together, a liquid meal consumed alone, and a liquid meal consumed 90 min after a solid meal) on the rates and patterns of solid and liquid gastric emptying were examined in 13 volunteers. By including alcohol (0.5 g/kg body wt) in the liquid meal, the relationship between alcohol absorption and gastric emptying was also assessed. The lag phase and the initial emptying phase of the solid meal were prolonged (P less than 0.001) when the liquid meal was consumed with the solid meal, compared with when the liquid meal was consumed 90 min after the solid meal. In this latter situation, consumption of the liquid meal caused the cessation of emptying of solid food, and this second lag phase was followed by a slower (P less than 0.001) than initial emptying phase. Gastric emptying of the liquid meal was slower (P less than 0.005) when solid food was present and was slowest (P less than 0.05) when liquid was consumed 90 min after the solid meal. Alcohol absorption was fastest (P less than 0.05) when the liquid meal was consumed alone and slower (P less than 0.01) when alcohol was consumed with or after the solid meal. For all three meals there was a close correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.91; P less than 0.001) between alcohol absorption and liquid emptying. We conclude that gastric emptying of liquid may be influenced by solid food and that the rate and pattern of solid emptying may be modified by the presence of liquid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
102 citations
Authors
Showing all 5858 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Nicholas J. Talley | 158 | 1571 | 90197 |
John E. Morley | 154 | 1377 | 97021 |
Timothy P. Hughes | 145 | 831 | 91357 |
Christopher Hill | 144 | 1562 | 128098 |
John D. Potter | 137 | 795 | 75310 |
Daniel Thomas | 134 | 846 | 84224 |
Neville Owen | 127 | 700 | 74166 |
Linda Partridge | 118 | 491 | 56738 |
Michael Horowitz | 112 | 982 | 46952 |
Robert J. Norman | 103 | 755 | 45147 |
Craig S. Anderson | 101 | 650 | 49331 |
Helen E. Heslop | 97 | 523 | 36292 |
Philip J. Barter | 96 | 466 | 56118 |
Charles G. Mullighan | 94 | 435 | 37925 |
Prashanthan Sanders | 93 | 676 | 34146 |