Royal Adelaide Hospital

About: Royal Adelaide Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gastric emptying. The organization has 5830 authors who have published 10241 publications receiving 347876 citations. The organization is also known as: Adelaide Hospital & RAH.

Breast cancer stem cells: treatment resistance and therapeutic opportunities

Abstract: The clinical and pathologic heterogeneity of human breast cancer has long been recognized Now, molecular profiling has enriched our understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity and yielded new prognostic and predictive information Despite recent therapeutic advances, including the HER2-specific agent, trastuzumab, locoregional and systemic disease recurrence remain an ever-present threat to the health and well being of breast cancer survivors By definition, disease recurrence originates from residual treatment-resistant cells, which regenerate at least the initial breast cancer phenotype The discovery of the normal breast stem cell has re-ignited interest in the identity and properties of breast cancer stem-like cells and the relationship of these cells to the repopulating ability of treatment-resistant cells The cancer stem cell model of breast cancer development contrasts with the clonal evolution model, whereas the mixed model draws on features of both Although the origin and identity of breast cancer stem-like cells is contentious, treatment-resistant cells survive and propagate only because aberrant and potentially druggable signaling pathways are recruited As a means to increase the rates of breast cancer cure, several approaches to specific targeting of the treatment-resistant cell population exist and include methods for addressing the problem of radioresistance in particular

Burn rehabilitation and research: proceedings of a consensus summit.

Abstract: Burn rehabilitation is an essential component of successful patient care. In May 2008, a group of burn rehabilitation clinicians met to discuss the status and future needs of burn rehabilitation. Fifteen topic areas pertinent to clinical burn rehabilitation were addressed. Consensus positions and suggested future research directions regarding the physical aspects of burn rehabilitation are shared.

Gastric emptying in diabetes: an overview.

Abstract: Gastric emptying is delayed in 30%-50% of patients with longstanding diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of disordered gastric emptying in patients with "early" Type 2 diabetes is controversial, but it has been suggested that gastric emptying is often accelerated. The pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying in diabetes is poorly understood. It is, however, clear that acute changes in the blood glucose concentration have a major effect on gastric motor function and gastric emptying. There is an inverse relationship between the rate of gastric emptying and the blood glucose concentration, so that emptying is slower during hyperglycaemia and faster during hypoglycaemia. The motor dysfunctions responsible for delayed gastric emptying in patients with diabetes are heterogeneous. There is a high prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes. However, the correlation between symptoms and delay in gastric emptying is poor. Recent studies indicate that the blood glucose concentration modulates the perception of some sensations arising from the gastrointestinal tract. In both normal subjects and patients with diabetes the blood glucose response to oral carbohydrate and gastric emptying are related and there is evidence that modulation of the rate of gastric emptying, by dietary or pharmacological means, could be used to optimise glycaemic control. The use of prokinetic drugs, particularly cisapride, is currently the most effective approach to the treatment of symptomatic patients with gastroparesis. An improved understanding of the pathophysiology of both symptoms and delayed gastric emptying is fundamental to the development of more effective treatments.