United Nations Industrial Development Organization

About: United Nations Industrial Development Organization is a government organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Sustainable development & Foreign direct investment. The organization has 894 authors who have published 911 publications receiving 19508 citations. The organization is also known as: UNIDO.

Promoting Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Africa: A Framework to Evaluate Employment Generation and Cost-effectiveness

Abstract: The ongoing debate over the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) deployment often hinges on the current cost of incumbent fossil-fuel technologies versus the long-term benefit of clean energy alternatives. This debate is often focused on mature or ‘industrialized’ economies and externalities such as job creation. In many ways, however, the situation in developing economies is at least as or even more interesting due to the generally faster current rate of economic growth and of infrastructure deployment. On the one hand, RE and EE could help decarbonize economies in developing countries, but on the other hand, higher upfront costs of RE and EE could hamper short-term growth. The methodology developed in this paper confirms the existence of this trade-off for some scenarios, yet at the same time provides considerable evidence about the positive impact of EE and RE from a job creation and employment perspective. By extending and adopting a methodology for Africa designed to calculate employment from electricity generation in the U.S., this study finds that energy savings and the conversion of the electricity supply mix to renewable energy generates employment compared to a reference scenario. It also concludes that the costs per additional job created tend to decrease with increasing levels of both EE adoption and RE shares.

Consideraciones sociales y sanitarias sobre los inmigrantes británicos mayores en España, en particular los de la Costa del Sol

Abstract: This paper attempts to identify key issues which bear upon the experience of migration by older British expatriates to the Costa del Sol. An analysis is given which attempts to describe the pattern and aspects of migration. It also focuses on the influence of tourism on migration; the perceived necessity of establishing friendship and social network patterns; problems of identity, the lack of coping language and its effect on integration into local Spanish society. Self imposed exclusion is explored by the formation of expatriate social clubs. An examinations is also made of the provision of Spanish health care for older British retirees, and the problems of adequate after care, and the implications of modern Spanish family structures for the Spanish care system. These issues are being explored in an ongoing study of the older British expatriate community in Benalmadena in Southern Spain.

Post fire changes in the structure and composition of the woody vegetation of a mesotrophic cerrado over a five-year period (1997-2002) in nova xavantina, mt, brazil

Abstract: Two inventories in an area of cerrado stricto sensu of mesotrophic type, were carried out, the first in 1997 and the second in 2002 . The data were collected in 28 contiguous permanent plots with an area of 15 x 15 m each (0.63 ha) . All individuals with stems of diameter > 3 cm at 0.30 m above ground level were identified and measured . During the first inventory 1266 individuals belonging to 32 families, 55 genera and 72 species were recorded . While in the second there were 1045 individuals in 33 families, 55 genera and 71 species. The diversity index of Shannon was high in both samples (310 and 3.13 nats/ind., respectively). The results show that the fires affected relative species abundance but not overall richness . The families Fabaceae, Vochysiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Apocynaceae, Combretaceae and Malvaceae showed the highest floristic richness in both inventories . The largest mortality rate occurred in the smallest diameter classes (to about 13 cm), where species recruitment was not high enough to compensate for it. Three rare species were lost between the two inventories and two others appeared . The variations found are in agreement with the patterns of other studies in cerrado vegetation .