United Nations Industrial Development Organization

About: United Nations Industrial Development Organization is a government organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Sustainable development & Foreign direct investment. The organization has 894 authors who have published 911 publications receiving 19508 citations. The organization is also known as: UNIDO.

Analysis of Standards, Certifications and Labels for Bio-based Products in the Context of Sustainable Bioeconomy

Abstract: Bioeconomy has been proposed as a pathway to sustainable development in many countries. However, the difficulties in defining the bioeconomy boundaries at the national level might necessitate the adoption of a sectoral approach to monitor and evaluate the success of its development. In this resolution, standards, certifications and labelling (SCL) schemes for bioeconomy-related sectors might be an essential source of data. The study evaluates the potential to use SCL schemes as a source for monitoring and evaluating sustainable bioeconomy, by analysing the sustainability aspects (chain-of-custody, environmental, economic and social themes) considered in selected SCL schemes. A variety of SCL schemes for different stages of the bioeconomy value chains were subjected to analysis on whether they consider internationally agreed aspirational principles and criteria for sustainable bioeconomy. The aspects most frequently mentioned by the requirement lists of the analysed SCL schemes were identified, along with the highlights on the least-frequently mentioned sustainability topics.

Para equacionar a judicialização da saúde no Brasil

Abstract: In a recent ruling, the Brazilian Supreme Court has taken a step in the right direction to address the so-called “judicialization of public health” in Brazil (lawsuits demanding medicines, treatments, and other health benefits against the state grounded on the right to health recognized in the Brazilian Constitution). The decision in Extraordinary Appeal n. 657.718, concerning experimental treatments and medicines not approved by Anvisa (National Health Surveillance Agency), represented certainly an improvement on previous case law. Perhaps even more important, however, will be the decision of Extraordinary Appeal n. 566.471, on socalled high-cost medicines, whose judgement will soon be resumed (so far three ministers have already voted). An adequate decision in this second Extraordinary Appeal could complement the first so as to provide a practically definitive solution to the problem of the judicialization of public health in Brazil. This article analyzes the decision of the Extraordinary Appeal n. 657.718 and the votes cast so far in the Extraordinary Appeal n. 566.471, suggesting important adjustments in the latter’s decision without which, in my opinion, the opportunity to address the judicialization of health in Brazil could be wasted.

Foreign direct investment in sub‐saharan africa: changing location‐specific advantages as signals of competitiveness

Abstract: This paper uses longitudinal factor analysis of location-specific advantages that are relevant to the foreign direct investment decisions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to signal changes in location competitiveness. A total of 1,216 responses by MNEs to a survey in 15 SSA countries are analyzed. We find that, first, over a three-year period (2002–5), MNEs perceive a positive change in the market-servicing environment in SSA. Second, MNEs find negative changes in SSA regarding the availability of input factors and characteristics of market demand.

Importing, Exporting and Performance in Sub-Saharan African Manufacturing Firms

Abstract: This paper examines productivity differences between internationally trading and non-trading firms using data on a sample of firms from 19 sub-Saharan African countries. The paper provides the first evidence of whether exporters, importers and two-way traders perform better than non-traders, and whether there are differences in performance between different types of trading firms in sub-Saharan Africa. Our results indicate that exporters, importers and two-way traders perform better than non-exporters, non-importers and non two-way traders. We further find that two-way traders perform better than importers only or exporters only, results largely consistent with recent results for other countries and regions. Considering information on export starters, continuers and exiters we also present some evidence consistent with both self-selection and learning-by-exporting.