Showing papers by "Universidad del Norte, Colombia published in 2009"

estilos de lideRaZgo, clima oRganiZacional Y Riesgos Psicosociales en entidades del sectoR salUd. Un estUdio comPaRativo

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the organizational climate, psychosocial risk factors and leadership styles perceived by a group of 400 workers of the health sector in four Colombian cities and to observe whether there are significant differences between them. In order to achieve this objective, the instruments entitled ECO, CFP and PAT were administered. According to the results, the participants showed psychosocial risks factors of diverse nature and the most relevant ones were those related to interpersonal relationships. Although the organizational climate found was not optimal, it was not adverse either. The two resulting leadership styles were evidenced only in Bogota. Significant differences were found in most variables studied which could be attributed to cultural aspects. These findings are discussed.

Marco analítico de la competitividad: Fundamentos para el estudio de la competitividad regional

Abstract: "El proposito de este documento es presentar una discusion teorica de la competitividad como punto de entrada a posteriores estudios empiricos dentro de la Escuela de Negocios de la Universidad del Norte El concepto de la competitividad ha estado en el debate entre varios centros de pensamiento a nivel internacional Despues de hacer un analisis de las bases teoricas de la competitividad, este articulo resalta algunos conceptos para sustentarlas En el ambito de aplicacion en Colombia se estudian las iniciativas del pais direccionadas hacia la aplicacion de los conceptos de competitividad, para finalizar con un modelo base para estudios posteriores Asimismo, se elaboran una serie de recomendaciones y preguntas considerando a la region como unidad de analisis, donde se debe estudiar la competitividad como estructura teorica"

Management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Latin America: a consensus position paper from Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology and Grupo Latino Americano De Estudio De Artritis Reumatoide.

Abstract: Objective:A consensus meeting of representatives of 18 Latin-American and Caribbean countries gathered in Renaca, Chile, for 2 days to identify problems and provide recommendations for the care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Latin America, a region where poverty and other health prior

Intercultural Competence: Another Challenge

Abstract: This paper intends to draw the attention of language teachers and educational authorities to the area of culture teaching in foreign language education at a time when the recently issued Basic Standards of Competencies in Foreign Language have conferred modest attention to this aspect of language education. The paper first describes the notion of Intercultural communicative competence. It then discusses the tensions between this new understanding of the teaching of culture and the prevailing teaching practices, approaches, beliefs and discourses associated with the learning and teaching of culture. Third, it reports on the results of a study which critically analyzed the academic discourses of in-service teachers in Colombia regarding the cultural component of foreign language programs; finally, it proposes ways to start taking new directions. Key words: Intercultural competence, standards, culture, culture teaching, ideologies, discourses El presente articulo intenta llamar la atencion de maestros y autoridades educativas sobre el area de la ensenanza de la cultura en lenguas extranjeras en un momento en el que los recientemente publicados Estandares Basicos de Competencias en Lenguas Extranjeras - Ingles prestan modesta atencion a este aspecto. Primero se describe la nocion de competencia comunicativa intercultural. Luego se discuten las tensiones entre este nuevo concepto de la ensenanza de la cultura y las practicas de ensenanza, los enfoques, creencias y discursos asociados con el aprendizaje y la ensenanza de la cultura. Se reportan tambien los resultados de un estudio que analiza criticamente los discursos academicos de profesores colombianos acerca del componente cultural en la ensenanza de lenguas extranjeras. Finalmente, se proponen formas de iniciar nuevos rumbos. Palabras clave: Competencia intercultural, estandares, cultura, ensenanza de la cultura, ideologias, discursos

RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA PRECIPITACIÓN ESTACIONAL PARA EL BARLOVENTO DE LA SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL CON ANILLOS DE CRECIMIENTO DE Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

Abstract: El noroeste de Mexico es una region de vanguardia en aspectos agricolas pero con alta dependencia del agua de escurrimiento y de los acuiferos, cuya fuente de recarga son las cuencas hidrologicas de la Sierra Madre Occidental. Estudios paleoclimaticos para determinar la variabilidad hidroclimatica son escasos en esta region.

Bibliometría: conceptos y utilidades para el estudio médico y la formación profesional

Abstract: Resumen es: El crecimiento de la investigacion cientifica en los ultimos tiempos ha hecho necesario el desarrollo y la implementacion de diversos indicadores que ayu...

Bienestar y trauma en personas adultas desplazadas por la violencia política

Abstract: This study studied Subjective and Objective Psychological Well-being, and Fatalism, Trauma and Irrational Posttraumatic Cognitions, in adults displaced by socio-political violence, living in Barranquilla, Colombia. Outcomes suggest that people who have been victims of forced displacement exhibit undeniable symptoms of psychosocial trauma, and that they also have elements associated to Mental Health

Salud mental: un abordaje desde la perspectiva actual de la psicología de la salud.

Abstract: This article is based on the state of art about the present understanding related to the concept of mental health, especially from the perspective of health ...

Resolución del problema de enrutamiento de vehículos con limitaciones de capacidad utilizando un procedimiento metaheurístico de dos fases

Abstract: This paper presents an alternative procedure to solve the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) with homogeneous fleet. The paper proposes a two-phase metaheuristic algorithm: routes design and fleet scheduling. The first phase is based on heuristics and metaheuristics procedures in order to build an initial solution that is then improved using tabu search to obtain non-dominated solutions in polynomial computational time. For the second phase, corresponding to fleet scheduling, the problem is approached using an analogy with the identical parallel machine scheduling problem. This procedure looks for the minimization of the fixed cost of using installed capacity as the objective function. The proposed procedure was tested using both a random-generated instance and real data, giving competitive results in comparison with other heuristics tested.

El maltrato entre iguales por abuso de poder y exclusión social en estudiantes de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Barranquilla

Abstract: In this paper we present the results of a descriptive study whose main goal was to determine the incidence of peer maltreatment due to the abuse of power and social exclusion, demonstrated in a sample of 116 students of a private university in the city of Barranquilla. We used a student questionnaire (Defensor Del Pueblo, 2000) originally designed for school populations in Spain, and subsequently adapted to Colombia by Hoyos and Cordoba (2005). For the purposes of this research we made adjustments to this questionnaire in relation to a university context. The results confirm the presence of peer maltreatment in the university, although the situation is not alarming. The phenomenon is presented with some particularities among all ages and semesters, as well as both genders. It is worth mentioning that verbal abuse is the most common manifestation, especially speaking badly about others, using nicknames, followed by social exclusion.

Memoria de trabajo y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad de la ciudad de barranquilla

Abstract: Working memory can influence academic achievement, eventhough is not the only component. This article shows research findings that tried to determine the correlation between working memory and academic achievement in freshmen students of a university in Barranquilla. There was not correlation between any of the working memory measures used and academic achievement. These results can be explained throughout many variables that can affect academic achievement such as, cognition, motivation, emotion and context.

Aplicación de nuevas tecnologías de la información en la enseñanza de la medicina

Abstract: The development of new Technologies in the last years has allowed the implementation of numerous teaching systems for the extension of students’ knowledge, allowing them to learn through simulated reality using human simulators, mobile devices and the web. Handheld computers have proven to be a valuable resource for medical students in the classroom for formal teaching and in medical practice. The most popular uses are electronic text books, medication references, data bases and medical calculators, and patient tracking software. Students prefer Web tutorials to traditional lecture-based classes for accessibility, ease of use, freedom of navigation, high medical image quality and advantage of repeated practice, that web-based learning has been continually developing and that it is a very important tool in Evidence Based Medicine. Web tools 2.0 known as wikis, blogs and podcast have the potential to complement, improve and create new assistance dimensions to the different educational web pages in medicine and health, to the continued professional development and already existing research services. Many universities around the world are introducing in their medical curriculum the use of these technologies and subjects related with cybermedicine and telemedicine, eliminating barriers through internet and allowing students an adequated training in searching, finding and using internet information to improve patient care.

Niñez afectada con VIH/SIDA: Calidad de vida, funcionalidad familiar y apoyo social en cinco ciudades colombianas

Abstract: Objective: To describe quality of life, family functioning and social support for children under 18 years affected with HIV / AIDS and caregivers living in Cali, Buenaventura, Barranquilla, Santa Marta and Cartagena. Materials and methods: 286 personal surveys conducted in 11 children who knew their diagnosis of HIV seropositivity and, 275 to caregivers of children who did not know their HIV status of involvement in health institutions belonging to the State and private sectors. Instruments were used EuroQol (EQ-5D), Family APGAR and MOS Social Support. We performed descriptive analysis of data and tabulation in SPSS Version 15 in Spanish. Results: The reasons for delaying the delivery of diagnosis, reported by health professionals and caregivers of affected children [96.2% (n=275)] are related to avoid psychological or emotional harm to a child, fear of inadvertent disclosure to others leading to situations of stigma and lack of training regarding the procedure and age to deliver this information. The dimensions of quality of life indicated that children have pain/discomfort and anxiety/ depression, moderate/severe [15.4% (n=44), 9.8% (n=28)] respectively. Normal family function was found [73.8% (n=211)] and perception of social support maximum [74.1% (n=212)] in participants. Conclusions: The low rate of disclosure of HIV status to HIV / AIDS on children found in the study, indicating that it is a priority to develop an outreach clinical model in the health management process that encourages support for affected families.

[Cutaneous myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera Calliphoridae) in Hospital Universidad del Norte, Soledad, Atlántico].

Abstract: La miasis humana es el parasitismo de organos y tejidos producido por especies de larvas del orden Diptera. El diagnostico se realiza con base en hallazgos clinicos y se confirma con estudios entomologicos. Se presenta el caso de una nina de siete anos de edad que fue llevada por su padre al servicio de urgencias por presentar fiebre asociada a una lesion abscedada en el cuero cabelludo, con salida espontanea de larvas. Como hallazgo en el examen fisico se reporto pediculosis grave. La paciente fue hospitalizada y tratada con clindamicina, gentamicina e ivermectina, y mostro mejoria de sus condiciones clinicas. Se dio alta medica al cuarto dia de estancia hospitalaria. Se recolectaron larvas en estadio dos de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) directamente del area lesionada, observandose la asociacion miasis-pediculosis; por lo tanto, se alerta a los trabajadores del area de la salud del riesgo potencial que representa la pediculosis para el desarrollo de la miasis.

Machine scheduling with sequence-dependent setup times using a randomized search heuristic

Abstract: This paper considers the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on both a single machine and identical parallel machines with the objective of minimizing the makespan or maximum completion time of all jobs. Jobs are subject to release dates and there are sequence-dependent setup times. Since this problem is known to be strongly NP-hard even for the single machine case, this paper proposes a heuristic algorithm to solve it. The algorithm uses a strategy of random generation of various execution sequences, and then selects the best of such schedules. Experiments are performed using random-generated data. Results show that the heuristic performs very well compared against the optimal solution, and requiring short computational time.

Representaciones mentales sobre los tipos de agresión en escolares

Abstract: Este articulo presenta un estudio descriptivo comparativo de corte transversal acerca de las representaciones mentales de los tipos de agresion en una muestra de 60 ninos escolarizados, de 8 a 11 anos de edad. Los ninos provienen de los niveles socio-economicos alto y bajo de la ciudad de Cartagena. Para recolectar la informacion, se utilizo la tecnica de entrevista clinica piagetiana de tipo semi-estructurada, apoyada con dibujos que permitieron explorar las ideas y sentimientos de los ninos y las ninas. Las explicaciones de los ninos son mas claras y estructuradas respecto a las agresiones directas de tipo fisico y verbal, a diferencia de las representaciones de agresiones, tales como la amenaza y exclusion que se muestran menos elaboradas. Aunque se observan diferencias de acuerdo con la edad al identificar los tipos de agresion y las categorias evaluadas, las explicaciones difieren en muchos casos de los resultados de otras investigaciones

Análisis comparativo de tecnologías inalámbricas para una solución de servicios de telemedicina

Abstract: In this paper, a researching over principal wireless technologies to the information transmission summary is presented, analyzing the principal features to define the best option to an interconnection between medical units to provide telemedicine services. A quantitative and qualitative comparison is made over wireless technologies principal features and a more detailed description over the technology defined as the best option.

Gall midge attack intensity and host-plant response in a Neotropical coastal ecosystem

Abstract: The gall inducer Clusiamyia nitida Maia, 1996 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) often infests the shrub Clusia lanceolata (Camb.) (Clusiaceae) in the Neotropical vegetation of restinga of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Leaves of Clusia lanceolata host up to 20 spheroid galls and show variation in their shape. We aimed to evaluate the effect of gall's intensity on leaves of Clusia lanceolata, and the extension of gall's impact on adjacent non-galled leaves. We analyzed the effect of the number of galls on leaf area, biomass, specific area and leaf appearance from 509 leaves of 14 individual plants. The results showed that differences of individual plants, pairs of leaves, and gall presence were responsible for more then 90% of variation on infested leaves. Variation on parasitic intensity level created differences in leaf response. Under moderate gall attack characterized by scattered galls on a leaf, the increase of the number of galls caused an increase of leaf biomass and area, and a decrease of specific area. The specific area was smaller also under high attack intensity, characterized by coalescent galls on a leaf. In those cases of extremely high parasitic intensity, galled leaves became deformed and the surface area was severely reduced. Leaf deformation due to gall attack led to early leaf abscission, indicated by the 90% of deformed leaves found in the youngest leaf pair of the branch. There was insufficient evidence that the impact of galls on leaf morpho-physiological parameters extended beyond the attacked leaves, because ungalled leaves did not change significantly when their opposite leaf had been galled.

Proceso del desarrollo exportador de la PYME colombiana

Abstract: Las Pymes colombianas, al igual que las de America Latina, afrontan una serie de barreras para la exportacion asociadas a la carencia de recursos y capacidades organizacionales y directivas, las cuales hacen que su permanencia en los mercados internacionales sea cuestionable. Al no superar tales barreras y mostrar una posicion competitiva mas fuerte dificilmente estas podran penetrar y sobrevivir en los mercados internacionales y aprovechar las grandes oportunidades que ofrece el mercado mundial. Especialmente, aquellas que surgen como resultado de los acuerdos de integracion y de los sistemas de preferencia suscritos y otorgados a Colombia. En este articulo se describen las caracteristicas organizacionales, directivas, transaccionales y estrategicas de 63 Pymes industriales exportadoras colombianas, asi como su percepcion de los factores ambientales a lo largo de su proceso de desarrollo exportador. Los resultados revelan que estas Pymes se encuentran en la etapa inicial de su proceso de desarrollo exportador, por cuanto poseen poca experiencia y recursos comprometidos en sus actividades internacionales. Sin embargo, la experiencia, conocimiento y habilidades de sus directivos permiten suponer que las Pymes analizadas tiene el potencial para incrementar su penetracion en el exterior, posibilitandoles hacer frente a la demanda potencial y evitando que estas adopten una conducta marginal o una abstinencia hacia las exportaciones, tal como lo indican los autores.

Sialolitos en conductos y glándulas salivales: Revisión de literatura

Abstract: espanolLa sialolitiasis es una afeccion que se produce por la obstruccion de una glandula salival o de su conducto excretor por la formacion de concreciones calcareas o sialolitos en el parenquima de estos. Existen teorias que afirman que los sialolitos en las glandulas y conductos salivales son originados por la mineralizacion de varios componentes, como cuerpos extranos, detritus celulares y microorganismos, depositandose inicialmente una matriz organica, probablemente de glucoproteinas, para luego posteriormente presentarse el deposito de material inorganico que inicia su mineralizacion. Esta patologia desencadena una serie de signos y sintomas hasta la obstruccion del conducto que no permite el paso de la saliva, lo que produce sintomatologia dolorosa y tumefaccion. Existen otras entidades patologicas de glandulas salivales que pueden confundirse con sialolitiasis, como sialoadenitis, hipertrofia maseterina, patologias relacionadas con la articulacion temporomandibular, osteomielitis, mucocele, otras como quistes de retencion musoso, abscesos sublinguales y otras alteraciones del piso de la boca. Los metodos mas comunes utilizados para el diagnostico de sialolitiasis son la sialografia convencional, ecografia, resonancia magnetica nuclear, tomografia asistida por computador, endoscopia, en oasiones las radiografias laterales de craneo y radiografias oclusales. Estos metodos diagnosticos son variables segun las necesidades del paciente y accesibilidad, localizacion del sialolito, su tamano y los signos y sintomas presentes. El manejo de estas alteraciones incluye procedimientos no quirurgicos y quirurgicos, invasivos o no, que implican en ocasiones la eliminacion de la glandula. EnglishSialolithiasis is a clinical condition produced by a blockage of the salivary gland or excretory duct by the formation of calcareous concretions or sialoliths in their parenchyma. There are theories that claim that the sialoliths in the salivary glands and ducts are caused by the mineralization of various components such as foreign bodies, cellular debris and microorganisms, originally deposited an organic matrix, probably of glycoproteins, and then subsequently submitted to the General Assembly Hall of inorganic material which began its mineralization. This condition triggers a series of signs and symptoms to duct obstruction that does not allow the passage of saliva, which causes pain and swelling. There are other pathological salivary glands that can be confused with sialolithiasis as sialadenitis, masseteric hypertrophy, diseases related to the joint temporomandibula, osteomyelitis, mucocele, as other mucous retention cysts, abscesses and other disturbances of sublingual floor of the mouth. The most common methods used to diagnose sialolithiasis are sialograph conventional ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computer tomography, endoscopy, sometimes lateral radiographs of the skull and occlusal X-rays. These diagnostic methods are variable depending on the patient's needs and accessibility, sialolith location, the size of it and the signs and symptoms presented. The management of these disorders include non-surgical and surgical procedures, invasive or non-invasive, sometimes involving the removal of the gland.

Experiencias de maltrato infantil y transmisión intergeneracional de patrones de apego madre-infante.

Abstract: Esta investigacao se propoe explorar o fenomeno do apego em diades materno-infantis cujas maes viveram experiencias de mau-trato e adicionalmente, adaptar uma metodologias para sua avaliacao. O estudo se realizou com quatro diades: maes que viveram experiencias de mau-trato na sua infancia e seus filhos com idades entre 12 e 18 meses, de camada baixo da cidade de Cali. A informacao se colheu a partir da aplicacao de: a Situacion Estranaa e do protocolo da entrevista de Apego Adulto. A analise dos resultados se baseou em categorias criadas a partir da revisao teorica. Se encontrou uma correspondencia nas formas de organizacao do apego entre as maes e os bebes, sendo tres diades organizadas e uma desorganizada. Tres das quatro diades mostram uma transmissao inter geracional de patroes caracterizados pela falta de seguranca, na outra, a mamae e insegura e a bebe e segura. Em todos os bebes se observou um componente de resistencia-ambivalencia, o que se relacionou com o mau-trato materno. Se conclui que o impacto deste na relacao com o bebe, e maior entre mais intensas e prolongadas tenham sido estas vivencias e menor disponibilidade para a mae de figuras de apego alternativas positivas.

Resolución del problema de enrutamiento de vehículos con limitaciones de capacidad utilizando un procedimiento metaheurístico de dos fases

Abstract: This paper presents an alternative procedure to solve the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) with homogeneous fleet. The paper proposes a two-phase metaheuristic algorithm: routes design and fleet scheduling. The first phase is based on heuristics and metaheuristics procedures in order to build an initial solution that is then improved using tabu search to obtain non-dominated solutions in polynomial computational time. For the second phase, corresponding to fleet scheduling, the problem is approached using an analogy with the identical parallel machine scheduling problem. This procedure looks for the minimization of the fixed cost of using installed capacity as the objective function. The proposed procedure was tested using both a random-generated instance and real data, giving competitive results in comparison with other heuristics tested.

Leadership styles, organizational climate and psychosocial risks in the health sector agencies: a comparative study

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the organizational climate, psychosocial risk factors and leadership styles perceived by a group of 400 workers of the health sector in four Colombian cities and to observe whether there are significant differences between them. In order to achieve this objective, the instruments entitled ECO, CFP and PAT were administered. According to the results, the participants showed psychosocial risks factors of diverse nature and the most relevant ones were those related to interpersonal relationships. Although the organizational climate found was not optimal, it was not adverse either. The two resulting leadership styles were evidenced only in Bogota. Significant differences were found in most variables studied which could be attributed to cultural aspects. These findings are discussed.

Enfermería: Integración del cuidado y el amor. Una perspectiva humana

Abstract: Resumen es: La enfermeria como disciplina apunta al cuidado integral, teniendo en cuenta elementos disciplinares y profesionales. Jean Watson sugiere en sus teorias ...

Tecnologías de la información para la educación, investigación y aplicación en el área de la salud. Bondades y retos

Abstract: Resumen es: Las tecnologias de informacion y comunicaciones brindan numerosas aplicaciones en pro de la educacion, investigacion y puesta en practica de las ciencias...

Partidos, movimientos y facciones en las elecciones populares de alcaldes en barranquilla (colombia), 1988 - 2007

Abstract: Since 1988 there have been eight mayoral elections in Colombia. In Barranquilla, the introduction of popular elections for mayor has proved to follow apattern of dynamic alliance formations centered around strongpersonal and factional presence and weakpoliticalparties and movements. However, this arrangement has produced its own kind of stability. This paper examines the eight popular mayoral elections in Barranquilla, assesses the degree of party institutionalization, inter party completion and alliance formation between different party factions. It argues that Political groups show a great adapting capability to new rules and that is why political reforms have not had an important impact on their behavior. We conclude that applying traditional political party theory presents difficulties in explaining patterns of party affiliation and alliance formation.

Restoring the balance in bilateral investment treaties: incorporating human rights clauses

Abstract: Bilateral Investment Treaties are agreements made in order to promote foreign investment in a specific country. Although foreign investment is a positive force to promote development, in some cases the interests of foreign investors can collide with the human rights of those living in the host country. It is in these cases that the state needs to justify the measures it takes based on its human rights obligations in order not to be found responsible for breaching its obligations under an investment treaty. This paper examines the consequences of the prospect of human rights norms being included into bilateral investment treaties, as well as the possibility of investment tribunals accepting human rights arguments of non-investment law issues when there are no direct references to human rights law in the investment treaty, in order to demonstrate that investment treaties must include explicit human rights provisions to protect the capacity of states to take appropriate measures based on its human rights obligations.