Showing papers by "University College Cork published in 1986"
TL;DR: In this article, the shear stiffness of stud shear connections in composite beams was derived from the analysis of 116 push tests; these tests include eight new push tests in which reverse and uni-directional cyclic loads were applied.
180 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the biochemical parameters associated with vitamin D metabolism, calcium, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) and alkaline phosphatase levels were assessed in 226 outpatients with epilepsy.
Abstract: The biochemical parameters associated with vitamin D metabolism, calcium, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) and alkaline phosphatase levels were assessed in 226 out-patients with epilepsy. Patients were grouped depending on the drug treatment; carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone and sodium valproate used alone as monotherapy and a combination of these drugs as polytherapy. The most severe alterations occurred in the polytherapy group. Hypocalcaemia was more severe in the phenobarbitone monotherapy group than the carbamazepine or the phenytoin groups. No patient on sodium valproate monotherapy had subnormal levels of calcium (less than 2.1 mmol/l). 25OHD levels were similarly reduced in the carbamazepine, phenytoin and the phenobarbitone groups with no reduction in the sodium valproate group. Significant elevations in alkaline phosphatase levels were evident in all patient groups except the sodium valproate group. This study confirms biochemical evidence for anticonvulsant osteomalacia when the enzyme-inducing drugs are used, the degree of severity depending on the drug regimen.
137 citations
TL;DR: Information concerning the sorption behavior of dairy proteins, in the water activity (Aw) range 0 to 0.9, is collated in this paper.
Abstract: The content and physical state of water in foods influence their physical, chemical, quality, safety, and functional behavior. Information concerning the sorption behavior of dairy proteins, in the water activity (Aw) range 0 to 0.9, is collated in this paper. The sorption behavior of proteins in general, the kinetics of absorption, factors affecting water binding, the phenomenon of desorption hysteresis, and the chemical and physical nature of water/protein interactions are reviewed in general terms. This is followed by a discussion of thermodynamic aspects of sorption phenomena and the adequacy of the various equations for describing sorption isotherms of proteins. After a discussion of the methods available for measuring sorption by milk proteins, the sorption behavior of various milk protein preparations, i.e., nonfat dry milk, whey proteins, caseins, and milk powders is summarized. Finally, the water activity of cheese and its relationship to solute mobility and solvent water are discussed. Some of the unique features of protein behavior, i.e., conformational changes, swelling, and solubilization are cited as possible sources of disparities between various reports.
101 citations
TL;DR: The role of the dicarboxylic acid transport (dct) system in the Rhizobium meliloti-Alfalfa symbiosis was investigated and a common 26.5 Mdal insert was found to complement some of the mutants and restored their effectivenss of plants.
Abstract: The role of the dicarboxylic acid transport (dct) system in the Rhizobium meliloti-Alfalfa symbiosis was investigated. Mutants of R. meliloti CM2 unable to grow on medium containing succinate as the sole carbon source were isolated following chemical and transposon mutagenesis. These mutants were also unable to utilize malate or fumarate as the sole source of carbon. Transport studies with 14C-labelled succinate showed that the mutants were specifically defective in succinate transport. Revertants of both chemical and transposon mutants were obtained at a frequency of 10-5–10-6. The R. meliloti dct mutants were able to nodulate Alfalfa plants but the nodules formed were unable to fix nitrogen. Revertants of the mutants were fully effective on plants. The mutants unable to transport succinate were used to isolate dct genes from a R. meliloti gene bank. Two plasmids containing a common 26.5 Mdal insert were found to complement some of the mutants. The presence of this DNA insert in the complementing mutant strains restored their effectivenss of plants. This DNA fragment encoding succinate transport function(s) was used to produce genetically engineered R. meliloti strains with an increased rate of succinate uptake.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the Variscan orogeny on the Upper Palaeozoic succession are recognizable throughout central and southern Ireland, and the deformation can be zoned using structural styles and trends which illustrate a northward decrease in deformation intensity coupled with increasing control by pre-Variscan structures in the basement.
Abstract: The effects of the Variscan orogeny on the Upper Palaeozoic succession are recognizable throughout central and southern Ireland. The deformation can be zoned using structural styles and trends which illustrate a northward decrease in deformation intensity coupled with increasing control by pre-Variscan structures in the basement. The most intense deformation occurs to the south of the Dingle–Dungarvan line, where shortening approaches 50% as a result of layer-parallel shortening, followed by buckling and finally thrusting. The deformation is considered to have developed above a shallow-dipping sole thrust which has been located offshore by the SWAT seismic reflection profiles. Cross-faults, which are common throughout the orogen, resulted from N–S shear couples; this is consistent with their origin as accommodation structures due to differential shortening along strike. The original shape of the Munster Basin has exerted a control on the distribution and overall facing of the major structures. The sole thrust extends to the north of the Dingle–Dungarvan line and the structural zonation of the orogen is due to variations in the stratigraphic level of this thrust. The Leinster Massif is considered to be essentially autochthonous; slip on the sole thrust decays towards the Massif which acted as a rigid, passive block and was partially responsible for the arcuate trend of the orogen.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the primary passivating process in the case of iron dissolution in aqueous media is the formation of a compact, anhydrous Fe(II) oxide or hydroxide - possibly a mixture of the two.
77 citations
TL;DR: Preparation of α-chlorosulfures (hemichlorothioacetals) can be traced back to the work of Ramberg-Backlund as discussed by the authors, who described the reaction of a reaction with α-diazocarbonyles.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was suggested that the pH-dependent dissociation in micellar κ-casein depends on the surface charge on the micelles; at a certain negative charge, disruption of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces could result in the dissociation of casein from the casein mouselles.
Abstract: Whey protein complexed and became co-sedimentable with casein micelles after heating milk at ≥ 90°C for 10 min at pH ≤ 6·9 while at higher pH values (7·3) whey proteins and κ-casein-rich protein dissociated from the micelles on heating. κ-Casein-deficient micelles were more sensitive to heat, Ca2+ or ethanol than whey protein-coated or native micelles and were readily coagulable by rennet. Isolated κ-casein added to skim milk before preheating (90°C for 10 min) did not associate with the micelles at pH ≥ 6·9. Sodium dodecyl sulphate increased the level of both non-sedimentable N (NSN) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) and shifted the NSN-pH and NANA-pH curves to more acidic values while cetyltrimethylammonium bromide had the opposite effect. It is suggested that the pH-dependent dissociation in micellar κ-casein, which appears to be reversible, depends on the surface charge on the micelles; at a certain negative charge, disruption of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces could result in the dissociation of κ-casein from the casein micelles.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the restoration of thrusts to a staircase trajectory has no mechanical significance as the thrust is merely acting as a marker if restored back beyond the time at which it propagated.
71 citations
TL;DR: A transducer has been developed which, by improving the sound coupling efficiency between the surface of the maternal abdomen and the sensor, allows a major part of the acoustic output of the fetus to be examined.
Abstract: A transducer has been developed which, by improving the sound coupling efficiency between the surface of the maternal abdomen and the sensor, allows a major part of the acoustic output of the fetus to be examined. This has been achieved by a system of compliance matching using a ceramic cantilever beam transducer. The principle is equally applicable to the use of a simple ceramic beam or other active elements.
62 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the authors classify oxides into two groups: (1) compact, anhydrous oxides such as rutile, perovskite, spinel, and ilmenite, in which oxygen is present only as a bridging species between two metal cations and ideal crystals constitute tightly packed giant molecules; and (2) dispersed, hydrous Oxides where oxygen is presented not just as a bridge species between metal ions, but also as O-, OH, and OH2 species, i.e., in coordinated terminal group form.
Abstract: For the purpose of this review it is convenient to classify oxides into two groups: (1) compact, anhydrous oxides such as rutile, perovskite, spinel, and ilmenite in which oxygen is present only as a bridging species between two metal cations and ideal crystals constitute tightly packed giant molecules; and (2) dispersed, hydrous oxides where oxygen is present not just as a bridging species between metal ions, but also as O-, OH, and OH2 species, i.e., in coordinated terminal group form. In many cases the latter materials when in contact with aqueous media contain considerable quantities of loosely bound and trapped water, plus, occasionally, electrolyte species. Indeed, with highly dispersed material (dispersion here refers to the molecular level, i.e., microdispersion, not to the finely divided state where the oxide microparticles may still be compact in character, i.e., macrodispersion), the boundary between the solid and aqueous phases may be somewhat nebulous as the two phases virtually intermingle. While compact oxides are usually prepared by thermal techniques, e.g., direct combination of the elements, decomposition of an unstable salt, or dehydration of a hydrous oxide, the dispersed oxides are almost invariably prepared in an aqueous environment using, for instance, base precipitation or electrochemical techniques.
TL;DR: In this article, an investigation of the cyclic voltammetry behavior of gold in aqueous sulphate media (pH = 11.7), containing dissolved organic or inorganic bases, confirmed the existence of reversible redox transitions at ca. 0 V (RHE).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the interpretive approach as a corrective for the shortcomings inherent in the standard view, and discuss the tangible positive consequences for policy making of this approach. But they do not discuss the relationship between the positivistic and interpretive paradigms.
Abstract: This paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on interpretive policy inquiry. As such, its specific focus is the presentation of the interpretive approach as a corrective for the shortcomings inherent in the standard view. Following an outline of the problems facing the received view, a systematic, philosophically grounded, statement of the interpretive position is developed. Thereafter, the tangible positive consequences for policy making of this approach are further discussed. The paper concludes with some reflections on the relationship between the positivistic and interpretive paradigms.
TL;DR: In this article, high exposure activity profiles for high purity Cu/sup II/O, Cu/sub 2/O and Cu-metal starting materials under a continuous flow of isopropanol vapor at temperatures from 423 to 523 K.
TL;DR: When conjugative transfer of lactose-fermenting ability (Lac) was observed between Streptococcus cremoris UC653 and S. lactis MG1363 Sm, 70% of the Lac+ transconjugants had acquired total resistance to phage 712 and propagated phage C2 at a lower efficiency and with a reduced plaque size.
Abstract: When conjugative transfer of lactose-fermenting ability (Lac) was observed between Streptococcus cremoris UC653 (donor) and S. lactis MG1363 Sm (recipient), 70% of the Lac+ transconjugants had acquired total resistance to phage 712 and propagated phage C2 at a lower efficiency and with a reduced plaque size. Plasmid analysis of transconjugants combined with curing experiments showed that the Lac and phage resistance markers were associated with plasmids of 26 and 50 MDa, respectively. Some transconjugants contained a large plasmid of either 77 or 83 MDa which coded for both Lac and phage resistance. The phage resistance mechanism did not act at the adsorption stage and was not affected by incubation at 37°C.
TL;DR: Cuvier came to Paris at precisely the time when society and institutions were most profitably malleable for a newcomer; it was also a time when many scientific disciplines had reached a stage advanced in terms of their factual content, yet relatively inadequate in conceptual organization.
Abstract: We should now be able to come to some general conclusions about the main lines of Cuvier's development as a naturalist after his departure from Normandy. We have seen that Cuvier arrived in Paris aware of the importance of physiology in classification, yet without a fully worked out idea of how such an approach could organize a whole natural order. He was freshly receptive to the ideas of the new physiology developed by Xavier Bichat.
TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of small-amplitude, long-wavelength, resonantly forced oscillations of a liquid in a tank of finite length is studied and it is shown that the surface motion is governed by a forced Korteweg-de Vries equation.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the evolution of small-amplitude, long-wavelength, resonantly forced oscillations of a liquid in a tank of finite length. It is shown that the surface motion is governed by a forced Korteweg—de Vries equation. Numerical integration indicates that the motion does not evolve to a periodic steady state unless there is dissipation in the system. When there is no dissipation there are cycles of growth and decay reminiscent of Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrence. The experiments of Chester & Bones (1968) show that for certain frequencies more than one periodic solution is possible. We illustrate the evolution of two such solutions for the fundamental resonance frequency.
TL;DR: In this article, the El-Mistikawy and Werle difference scheme on an equidistant mesh of widthh is uniformly second order accurate for this problem (i.e., the nodal errors are bounded byChSourceFile2, whereC is independent ofh and e).
Abstract: We examine the problem:eu″+a(x)u′−b(x)u=f(x) for 0 0,b(x)>β,α
2
= 4eβ>0,a, b andf inC
2 [0, 1], e in (0, 1],u(0) andu(1) given. Using finite elements and a discretized Green's function, we show that the El-Mistikawy and Werle difference scheme on an equidistant mesh of widthh is uniformly second order accurate for this problem (i.e., the nodal errors are bounded byCh
2, whereC is independent ofh and e). With a natural choice of trial functions, uniform first order accuracy is obtained in theL
∞ (0, 1) norm. On choosing piecewise linear trial functions (“hat” functions), uniform first order accuracy is obtained in theL
1 (0, 1) norm.
TL;DR: The nucleotide sequence of a 1.46 kb cDNA, selected from a human liver library by the expression of fumarase antigenic determinants, was determined using the dideoxy chain termination method and the protein, with the exception of an N-terminal methionine, was identified as mitochondrial fumarases.
Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of a 1.46 kb cDNA, selected from a human liver library by the expression of fumarase antigenic determinants, was determined using the dideoxy chain termination method. The cDNA contained an open reading frame extending from the extreme 5'-base and coding for a protein with 468 amino acids. This protein, with the exception of an N-terminal methionine, was identified as mitochondrial fumarase. The protein showed a high degree of identity of structure with the fumarase from Bacillus subtilis (56.6%) and a fumarase from Escherichia coli (product of the fumC gene, 59.3%), and a lower degree of identity with the aspartase of E. coli (37.2%).
TL;DR: In this paper, the salt molality (m NaCl) in cheese slices was proportional to the square root of the brining period (√t); a rate parameter, K (moles kg−1) min−0·5), was defined as the slope of the m NaCl √t plots, which was linearly related to the surface area to volume ratio of the cheese slices by the equation: K= (SA/V+1·2) 34·70 where; SA = surface area and V = volume of the slice.
TL;DR: In this paper, a train of micropulses of isopropanol with starting materials suitably pretreated to yield clean surfaces strongly predominated by either Cu(O), Cu(I) or Cu(II) yielded low exposure activity profiles (l.a.p.).
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In the rat lumbar ventral spinal nerve rootlets, the central-peripheral transition occurs at the surface of a distal projection of central tissue into the rootlet, which changes considerably in appearance during development.
Abstract: In the rat lumbar ventral spinal nerve rootlets, the central-peripheral transition occurs at the surface of a distal projection of central tissue into the rootlet This changes considerably in appearance during development In the first week after birth, it grows distally into the rootlet to form an irregular, tapering projection In the second week after birth, it is retracted and becomes splayed out; its distal surface is irregular and lies just above the surrounding spinal cord After this, it again grows distally into the rootlet It forms a tapering projection which generally lies eccentrically in the rootlet, most often towards its dorsal surface The central ends of the proximal transitional myelinated peripheral internodes generally lie in grooves on the surface of the central tissue projection However, for a time during the second week after birth, many lie in invaginations into it Occasional invaginations of the central tissue projection contain large numbers of collagen fibres rather than axons A ring of collagen fibres surrounds the rootlet immediately distal to its attachment to the cord surface Though the central tissue projection contains occasional astrocytic perikarya, it consists mostly of closely interwoven astrocyte processes derived from cell bodies situated at the cord surface surrounding the rootlet attachment Changes in the form and size of the central tissue projection probably result largely from active growth and reorganisation of astrocyte processes The barrier which these processes constitute probably prevents invasion of the cord by transitional Schwann cells Before the central tissue projection develops, such invasion is probably prevented by the arrangement of transitional Schwann cells as a close-knit epithelium on the surface of the rootlet The central tissue projection of ventral rootlets is smaller, more irregular in shape and less highly organised than that of dorsal rootlets Central-peripheral transitional nodes lie close to the surface of the central tissue projection They are therefore offset relative to one another and so are less likely to discharge one another This arrangement may also protect the rootlet against mechanical damage due to traction
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: Attention has been focussed on the use of microorganisms for biological control purposes because of the increased awareness of the benefits to be gained for crop production from the exploitation of beneficial bacteria.
Abstract: Interest in plant-microbial interactions has received new impetus in recent years. This has resulted mainly from an increased awareness of the benefits to be gained for crop production from the exploitation of beneficial bacteria. The role of microorganisms in influencing plant productivity is a widely researched and broad topic. However, when focussing on the involvement of microorganisms in crop production attention generally tends to concentrate on a number of well recognised plant-microbial interactions. In the context of beneficial interactions, the role of symbiotic nitrogen fixing Rhizobium spp. is well recognised as an important area because of the clearly proven contribution these bacteria make to crop production. In a converse situation, the necessity to investigate the nature of interactions between pathogenic microorganisms and plants is also well recognised due to the reduction in yields that result as a consequence of plant pathogens. More recently however, with the increased awareness of the potential for exploiting microorganisms for biotechnological purposes, attention has been focussed on the use of microorganisms for biological control purposes. The concept of biological control is based on using a beneficial microorganism to control the activity of undesirable populations. It is not a new concept and is considered to occur naturally, being an important factor in explaining how plant diseases are usually not epidemic.
TL;DR: The political geography of nation-building and nationalism is examined and it is argued that different images of nationalism produce radically different political geographies as discussed by the authors, and that the dualist thinking at the heart of most studies of nation building and nationalism which treat factors that are dialectically interrelated in reality as though they operated independently of each other for the purposes of model-building.
TL;DR: In Ireland, anti-abortion activists pressurized the political parties to agree to hold a referendum for a constitutional amendment to ban abortion as mentioned in this paper, which led to the active involvement by the Roman Catholic Church and the hierarchy in the campaign.
Abstract: The dominance of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland has been challenged by rapid socioeconomic change. To counter emerging secularist trends, anti-abortion activists pressurized the political parties to agree to hold a referendum for a constitutional amendment to ban abortion. Opposition to the referendum, and party divisions, led to the active involvement by the Catholic Church and the hierarchy in the campaign. Although the amendment was passed, the intervention of the Church has not been beneficial to it as an institution. This is the first time since the establishment of the Irish state that a significant cleavage has emerged around a religious issue. The referendum reflected a change in Irish politics—new divisions had emerged, based on age, class, religion and place of residence. This change is now having an impact on the political parties.
TL;DR: The earlier epidemiological evidence suggesting a damaging effect of aspirin on reproductive outcome may have their explanation in these observations.
TL;DR: The complete amino acid sequences of the cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases from horse heart suggest that the mammalian cytosoli and mitochondrial isoenzymes have evolved at equal and constant rates whereas the isoenZymes from chicken may have evolved somewhat more slowly.
Abstract: We report here the complete amino acid sequences of the cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases from horse heart. The two sequences can be aligned so that 48.1% of the amino acid residues are identical. The sequences have been compared with those of the cytosolic isoenzymes from pig and chicken, the mitochondrial isoenzymes from pig, chicken, rat, and human, and the enzyme fromEscherichia coli. The results suggest that the mammalian cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes have evolved at equal and constant rates whereas the isoenzymes from chicken may have evolved somewhat more slowly. Based on the rate of evolution of the mammalian isoenzymes, the geneduplication event that gave rise to cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases is estimated to have occurred at least 109 years ago. The cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes are equally related to the enzyme fromE. coli; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes diverged from one another at least 1.3×109 years ago.
TL;DR: In Ireland, as elsewhere, the rate of referral of general hospital inpatients to a psychiatric consultation-liaison service is below the rates of psychiatric illness found in hospital inPatients.