Showing papers by "University of California, Santa Cruz published in 1969"
334 citations
252 citations
TL;DR: Ripe seeds of the castor bean are very rich in fat that is contained in endosperm tissue surrounding the embryo, but during the fifth day of germination, at 30' C, when fat breakdown is at its height, a gram of sugar accumulates for each gram of fat consumed.
Abstract: Ripe seeds of the castor bean (Ricinus communis) are very rich in fat ( > 60% of the dry weight) that is contained in endosperm tissue surrounding the embryo. During germination there is a precipitous fall in the total fat content, and sugars, principally sucrose, are formed. These sugars are absorbed and utilized by the growing embryo, but during the fifth day of germination, at 30' C, when fat breakdown is at its height, a gram of sugar accumulates for each gram of fat consumed.l
203 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the data indicates that auxin probably does not act on the elongation of these tissues by promoting the synthesis of informational RNA or of enzymatic protein, and the speed with which cycloheximide inhibits elongation suggests that continual protein synthesis may be important in the mechanism of cell wall expansion.
Abstract: The timing of the auxin response was followed in oat and corn coleoptile tissue by a sensitive optical method in which the elongation of about a dozen coleoptile segments was recorded automatically. The response possesses a latent period of about 10 min at 23°C, which is extended by low concentrations of KCN or by reducing the temperature, but is not extended by pretreatments with actinomycin D, puromycin, or cycloheximide at concentrations that partially inhibit the elongation response. Analysis of the data indicates that auxin probably does not act on the elongation of these tissues by promoting the synthesis of informational RNA or of enzymatic protein. Not excluded is the possibility that auxin acts at the translational level to induce synthesis of a structural protein, such as cell wall protein or membrane protein. While the data do not provide direct support for this hypothesis, the speed with which cycloheximide inhibits elongation suggests that continual protein synthesis may be important in the mechanism of cell wall expansion.
173 citations
TL;DR: Threat vocalizations of male elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris vary among four populations on islands off the coast of California and Baja California, Mexico, where geographical differences in vocal behavior resemble local dialects in birds and humans.
Abstract: Threat vocalizations of male elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris vary among four populations on islands off the coast of California and Baja California, Mexico. Males at San Nicolas Island in Southern California emit sound pulses at more than double the rate of males at Aũo Nuevo Island, 528 kilometers north. Mean pulse rates at San Miguel Island and Isla de Guadalupe (408 and 944 kilometers south of Aũo Nuevo, respectively) are intermediate to these two. Pulse rate is homogeneous within each population and consistent in the same individual. Other properties of the calls which separate populations are pulse duration and embellishment of the initial or terminal pulse in a series. These geographical differences in vocal behavior resemble local dialects in birds and humans.
68 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors generalize the results of Tamura and Kimura to medial semigroups and prove that the congruence classes of cnr are Archimedean semigroup.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it has been suggested that patterns of physiological activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are directly related to concurrent dream experiences, and that visually “active” dreams are associated with more REM activity than are “passive” ones involving little visual activity.
Abstract: IT has been suggested that patterns of physiological activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are directly related to concurrent dream experiences1–4. Roffwarg et al.4 reported a correspondence between REM patterns and visual imagery in 70–80 per cent of vivid dream reports, and concluded that the REMs represent scanning responses of the visual dream images. Thus visually “active” dreams are associated with more REM activity than are “passive” dreams involving little visual activity2,5.
42 citations
TL;DR: Return signals from an optical retro-reflector array placed on the moon by the Apollo 11 astronauts were successfully detected with the Lick Observatory and a laser, and it was found that each return signal averaged more than one photoelectron.
Abstract: On 1 August between 10:15 and 12:50 Universal Time, with the Lick Observatory 120-inch (304-cm) telescope and a laser operating at 6943 angstroms, return signals from an optical retro-reflector array placed on the moon by the Apollo 11 astronauts were successfully detected. After the return signal was first detected it continued to appear with the expected time delay for the remainder of the night. The observed range is in excellent agreement with the predicted ephemeris. Transmitting between 7 and 8 joules per pulse, we found that each return signal averaged more than one photoelectron. This is in good agreement with calculations of the expected signal strength.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fine structure of the optical fluorescence spectrum arising from the fourth-nearest-neighbor chromium ion pair system in ruby was studied using high-resolution optical spectroscopy, ordinary electron-spin resonance, and optically detected electron spin resonance.
Abstract: The fine structure of the optical fluorescence spectrum arising from the fourth-nearest-neighbor chromium ion pair system in ruby is studied using high-resolution optical spectroscopy, ordinary electron-spin resonance, and optically detected electron-spin resonance. The ground-state energy levels of this system are found to be describable by a simple spin Hamiltonian of the form $\mathcal{H}=g\ensuremath{\beta}\mathbf{H}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{S}+\frac{J}{2}[S(S+1)\ensuremath{-}\frac{15}{2}]+{D}_{S}[S_{z}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}S(S+1)]+{E}_{S}[S_{x}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}\ensuremath{-}S_{y}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}]$ where the directions of the symmetry axes, ${D}_{S}$, and ${E}_{S}$ each depend on the spin $S$ in a predictable way, requiring only two adjustable parameters: ${D}_{c}$ (the usual second-order crystal-field term of axial symmetry) and ${D}_{E}$ (a similar term arising from the anisotropic exchange interaction). The value of ${D}_{c}$ is found to be -0.191\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, which is equal to that for the isolated ion. The value of ${D}_{E}$ is found to be -0.021\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A phonon-assisted energy-transfer mechanism is postulated to account for the existence of the optically detected spin-resonance spectrum.
31 citations
01 Jan 1969
27 citations
TL;DR: The chromatic number of an orientable surface of genus p is equal to the integral part of (7 + √ 1 + 48p)/2 whenever the latter is congruent to 11 modulo 12 as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Gibberellin A7 interacts with DNA from higher plants (pea, bean, cucumber, spinach), T-even phages and poly d(A-T) andPoly d(G,C) for interaction to occur, Mg2+ is obligatory.
18 Nov 1969
TL;DR: The cost of storing information in machine-accessible form has declined markedly in the last decade, and promises are such that one can look forward to having complete libraries available in such form.
Abstract: The cost of storing information in machine-accessible form has declined markedly in the last decade, and promises are such that one can look forward to having complete libraries available in such form. This places increased importance on algorithms which make it possible to search large files efficiently.
TL;DR: The chromatic number of an orientable surface of genus p is equal to the integral part of (7 + 1 + 48 p ) / 2 whenever the latter is congruent to 2 modulo 12 as mentioned in this paper.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: The Herbig-Haro Objects (H-H Objects) as mentioned in this paper are a class of semi-stellar emission nebulae with a strong emission spectrum, which can be explained by the presence of T Tauri stars.
Abstract: The first three of the peculiar semi-stellar emission nebulae now known as Herbig-Haro objects were detected by Herbig (1948, 1951) and by Haro (1950, 1952). The initial discoveries were made in the region south of the Orion Nebula, but a total of about 40 such Objects have now been found in Orion, Taurus, Perseus, and elsewhere. All known examples occur in heavily-obscured regions that are also rich in T Tauri stars. A number of other very small nebulous spots have been observed by Haro (1953, Table 2), Mendez (1967) and others, particularly near the Orion Nebula, but these are spectro-scopically distinct from the H-H Objects in having either a strong continuum especially in the near infrared, or a rather conventional emission spectrum. The H-H Objects have quite characteristic emission spectra: the H emission lines are strong, and [0 I] and [S II] are unusually intense. The [N II] lines are also strong, and in those Objects not too heavily reddened, [O II] λλ3726-29 as well. These properties can be explained (Bohm 1956, Osterbrock 1958) if H and O are only partially ionized, and if Te ≈ 7500° and ne ≈ ≈ 3 × 103 cm−3. Only the brightest of the H-H Objects, Herbig No. 1 (= Haro 11a, near NGC 1999) has been observed in any detail. It shows a number of weaker emission lines that are not ordinarily found in appreciable strength in gaseous nebulae: H and K of Ca II, the infrared [Ca II] lines, Mg I λ4571, and lines of [Fe II] and [Fe III]. It is significant that many T Tauri stars show, in integrated light, nebular lines very similar to those of the H-H Objects.
TL;DR: Crab Nebula pulsar detection by TV camera with image intensifier at focus of astronomical telescope, detailing instrumentation and observations as mentioned in this paper, and detailed instrumentation, observations and instrumentation.
Abstract: Crab Nebula pulsar detection by TV camera with image intensifier at focus of astronomical telescope, detailing instrumentation and observations
TL;DR: Strychnine sulphate administered to rats during post-natal development affected the rate of maze learning in adulthood, and rats given the drug in a rich environment learned a maze at a faster rate than rats treated similarly but raised in laboratory cages.
Abstract: Strychnine sulphate administered to rats during post-natal development affected the rate of maze learning in adulthood. Rats given the drug in a rich environment (drug-rich group) learned a maze at a faster rate than rats treated similarly but raised in laboratory cages (drug-caged group). The performance of rats given no drug was intermediate to that of the drug-rich and drug-caged groups.
TL;DR: Crab Nebula pulsar NP 0532 simultaneous optical and radio observations, noting influence of interstellar dispersion value uncertainty as discussed by the authors, showed the influence of the dispersion uncertainty on the behavior of the pulsar.
Abstract: Crab Nebula pulsar NP 0532 simultaneous optical and radio observations, noting influence of interstellar dispersion value uncertainty
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that photo and thermal isomerization occur through two, conceptually different mechanisms in planar and twisted configurations of a number of polyenes and related compounds.
TL;DR: The chromatic number of an orientable surface of genus p is equal to the integral part of (7 + 1 + 48 p ) / 2 whenever the latter s congruent to 8 modulo 12 as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, a purely algebraic formalism is introduced in order to describe the relation between current algebras and Lagrangian field theory, which is then applied to the description in differential-geometric terms of the equal-time commutation relations for currents defined by Lagrangians derived from Riemannian metrics on internal-symmetry spaces.
Abstract: A purely algebraic formalism is introduced in order to describe the relation between current algebras and Lagrangian field theory. It is then applied to the description in differential-geometric terms of the equal-time commutation relations for currents defined by Lagrangians derived from Riemannian metrics on internal-symmetry spaces.
TL;DR: In assays by Lowry test and by reference to optical absorption at 280 mmu, dark-grown sporangiophores were consistently found to contain from 2 to 4 times as much crystalloid material as light-grown counterparts.
Abstract: Crystalloids accumulate in the vacuoles of the giant sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus Burgeff during growth. On the basis of solubility in alkaline solutions, cytochemical staining reactions, trypsin sensitivity, optical absorption and response in the Lowry protein test, the crystalloids have been judged to consist principally of an acidic protein. In assays by Lowry test and by reference to optical absorption at 280 mmu, dark-grown sporangiophores were consistently found to contain from 2 to 4 times as much crystalloid material as light-grown counterparts. Concurrent assays of soluble phenolic materials revealed no significant effect of culture illumination, while carotene content of sporangiophores and mycelium was found to be raised from 2 to 4-fold by illumination during growth.
TL;DR: In this article, the first ten observations on this night have a range of only 0.19 mag, while the inclusion of their eleventh and last observation increases the range to 0.38 mag.
Abstract: Hunter and Lu1 claim that on June 11, 1969 (UT), the quasi-stellar source 3C 345 showed a variation of ≈0.4 blue magnitudes within the span of a few hours. The first ten of their observations on this night (shown in Fig. 3 of their article) have a range of only 0.19 mag, while the inclusion of their eleventh and last observation increases the range to 0.38 mag. If ten observations have a range of 0.19 mag, then the expected r.m.s. deviation of a single observation (σ) is ±0.062 mag and the expected probable error of a single observation is ±0.042 mag (ref. 2, Table 6). Because Hunter arid Lu give probable errors in the range ±0.02 to ±0.055 for their ten observations, it would seem that these ten observations give little or no evidence for any real variation in the object. The reality of the alleged variation therefore depends entirely on the reliability of their last observation on that night.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated longitudinal sound velocity in metals using a lattice model which incorporates band-structure effects, umklapp processes, and exchange and correlation effects among electrons, as opposed to the jellium model and the simple Hartree screening used by Bohm and Staver.
Abstract: Longitudinal-sound velocity in metals is investigated using a lattice model which incorporates band-structure effects, umklapp processes, and exchange and correlation effects among electrons, as opposed to the jellium model and the simple Hartree screening used by Bohm and Staver. These added corrections are shown to be important and are necessary in explaining the anisotropy.
TL;DR: In this paper, an algebraic generalization of Dirac's formalism of Poisson brackets with constraints is developed for setting up quantum field theory for classical fields with degenerate Lagrangians.
Abstract: An algebraic approach is presented to the problem of setting up quantum field theory for classical fields with degenerate Lagrangians. To this end, an algebraic generalization of Dirac's formalism of Poisson brackets with constraints is developed.
TL;DR: Leslie's cube has been used extensively in the study of radiant heat as discussed by the authors, where a note on the cube can be found in Section 5.1.2.1].
Abstract: (1969). A note on Leslie's cube in the study of radiant heat. Annals of Science: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 203-208.
TL;DR: Low-dispersion slit spectrograms have been obtained of 34 faint objects that lie in the direction of the galactic bulge and have the Halpha line in emission upon a detectable continuum, which suggest Population II red giants rather than conventional Population I M-type objects.
Abstract: Low-dispersion slit spectrograms have been obtained of 34 faint objects that lie in the direction of the galactic bulge and have the Hα line in emission upon a detectable continuum. Eleven of these are certain or probable symbiotic stars. A rough comparison with R CrB stars in the same area suggests that these brightest symbiotics in the bulge have in the mean Mv ≈ -3 to -4, which suggest Population II red giants rather than conventional Population I M-type objects. The sample also contains a number of hot stars having H and [O II] or [O III] in emission, as well as four conventional Be stars, and six certain or possible planetary nebulae.