Showing papers by "University of Colorado Colorado Springs published in 1984"

On the Appearance of the Fractional Derivative in the Behavior of Real Materials

Abstract: On propose des relations constitutives generalisees pour les materiaux viscoelastiques dans lesquelles les derivees d'ordre entier par rapport au temps sont remplacees par des derivees d'ordre fractionnaire. De tels modeles decrivent bien le comportement des materiaux reels

Religious Preference and Practice: Reevaluating Their Impact on Political Tolerance

Abstract: ALTHOUGH surveys conducted in the 1960s and 70s have produced evidence of the public's increasing political tolerance, some scholars have questioned those findings and the methods that produced them. At the same time, visible political action by religious groups and their leaders has created renewed interest in the connections between religious beliefs and practice on the one hand and political beliefs and actions on the other. These two areas of study-political tolerance and religion-are not unrelated. Political tolerance has long been linked to religion, but that linkage has been defined only vaguely. We explore the relationship, examining both religious denomination and church attendance as correlates of political tolerance. This investigation differs from prior studies in looking at political tolerance within rather precise denominational groups and by evaluating the effects of church attendance within denominations. Our findings shed light on the nature and sources of political tolerance, while also suggesting

Development of rapidly fermenting strains of Saccharomyces diastaticus for direct conversion of starch and dextrins to ethanol

Abstract: Alcoholic fermentation, growth, and glucoamylase production by 12 strains of Saccharomyces diastaticus were compared by using starch and dextrins as substrates. Haploid progeny produced from a rapidly fermenting strain, SD2, were used for hybridization with other S. diastaticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploids. Alcoholic fermentation and enzyme production by hybrid diploids and their haploid parents were evaluated. Although the dosage of the STA or DEX (starch or dextrin fermentation) genes may enhance ethanol production, epistatic effects in certain strain combinations caused decreases in starch-fermenting activity. Both the nature of the starch or dextrin used and the fermentation medium pH had substantial effects on alcohol production. Commercial dextrin was not as good a substrate as dextrins prepared by digesting starch with alpha-amylase. Crude manioc starch digested by alpha-amylase was fermented directly by selected hybrids with almost 100% conversion efficiency. The manioc preparation contained adequate minerals and growth factors. This procedure should be suitable for direct commercial application in manioc-producing regions in Brazil and elsewhere. A rapidly fermenting haploid strain, SD2-A8, descended from strain SD2, contains two unlinked genes controlling formation of extracellular amylase. A convenient method for detecting these genes (STA genes) in replica plates containing large numbers of meiotic progeny was developed.

Effects of a Catch-and-Release Regulation on a Wild Trout Population in Colorado and Its Acceptance by Anglers

Abstract: From 1979 to 1982, the trout population of the catch-and-release area on the South Platte River was dominated by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, had a biomass as high as 667 kg/hectare, and 50% of the trout were greater than 30 cm long. In contrast, the trout population of an area with standard regulations (eight trout per day) was dominated by brown trout (Salmo trutta), had a maximum biomass of 219 kg/hectare, and only 17% of the population were longer than 30 cm. The difference in trout population characteristics was attributed to the harvest rates of the respective areas. Rainbow trout were found to be more vulnerable to angling than brown trout, and Age 3 + and older trout were more exploited than young/smaller fish. Catch rates averaged 48% greater in the catch-and-release area than in the standard-regulation section that had the benefit of catchable-trout stocking. The catch rate of trophy-sized trout (longer than 38 cm) was 28 times greater in the catch-and-release area than in the harves...

Electrostatic system monitor and method therefor

Abstract: An electrostatic system monitor and method for monitoring the operation of static control equipment such as conductive workbench and floor mats, conductive wrist straps, and the integrity of ground connections and soldering irons and to activate indicators and alarms when the static control equipment deteriorates or malfunctions by having resistances outside of predetermined values and ranges of resistance. The electrostatic system monitor also provides for the detection of unsafe voltage potentials on soldering irons, and for a surface resistance probe for measuring the surface conductivity of conductive surfaces of the static control equipment.

A comparative examination of systems analysis techniques

Abstract: Though many analysis tools and techniques are available to systems professionals, none of them completely support the analysis process. Traditional techniques tend to clarify input and output detail, along with physical information flows. More current techniques tend to concentrate on considerations of system structure. This paper presents a set of dimensions which support the comparative examination of analysis methods. A number of methods are compared to clarify their similarities and differences. The comparison technique supports professionals in the combination of tools to ensure complete analysis products.

Correlation of image intensity on the Turin Shroud with the 3-D structure of a human body shape

Abstract: The frontal image on the Shroud of Turin is shown to be consistent with a body shape covered with a naturally draping cloth in the sense that image shading can be derived from a single global mapping function of distance between these two surfaces. The visible image on the Shroud does not appear to be the work of an artist in an eye/brain/hand coordination sense nor does it appear to be the result of direct contact only, diffusion, radiation from a body shape or engraving, dabbing powder on a bas-relief, or electrostatic imaging. The visible image on the Shroud is probably not the result of a hot bas-relief impressed into cloth, but such a mechanism seems capable of accounting for the Shroud image’s distance correlation, resolution, and similar chemical structure. It does not simultaneously account for (1) the 3-D image residing on one side of the Shroud, (2) observed lateral image distortions (consistent with a draping cloth over a body shape), or (3) expected thermal perturbations associated with physically thick superimposed blood images. A complex mechanism involving more than one process may account for some of the Shroud image’s characteristics, but potential inconsistencies in shading continuity, cloth contact, lateral distortions, and pressure independence may exist.

Software Engineering with MODULA-2 and ADA

Abstract: This clear, in-depth presentation examines each stage of the software engineering process, supported by numerous case studies in Modula-2 and Ada. Geared to computer science undergradutes. Discusses software specifications, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Emphasis is on object-oriented design and modular software construction. Summary sections and exercises are provided with each chapter.

Inelastic scattering of electrons from ionic crystals with a highly conducting overlayer

Abstract: The purpose of the present study has been to examine the manner in which inelastic electron scattering from ionic crystal surfaces is modified by the presence of a conducting overlayer as its thickness passes from the limit of zero coverage through two-dimensional film formation and then onto bulk growth. Specifically, we present both experiments and theory on the effects of thin (17 \AA{}) silver overlayers on the vibrational spectrum of gallium arsenide single-crystal surfaces. Clean (100) Te-doped GaAs samples are characterized by an intense surface optical phonon at 36.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 meV and a weaker plasmon-phonon coupled mode at 12-13 meV, depending on the doping level. Both modes are completely screened by a (3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)-\AA{}-thick uniform overlayer of silver in good agreement with theoretical predictions (assuming a silver overlayer with bulk dielectric properties). In addition, modes characteristic of the coupled Ag-GaAs system are observed. The effects of silver film thickness and metal island formation are also discussed.

Thick oxide field-shield CMOS process

Abstract: An improved semiconductor structure and the method for fabricating such is disclosed. The invention relates to the use of thick-oxide for improved field-shield isolation especially as applied to dynamic RAMS's and also to its integration into an improved CMOS process. The improved structure has increased isolation characteristics between adjacent memory cells and still allows for lessened spacing between cells. The corresponding process determines the spacing between cells through etching and eliminates several steps by utilizing one mask for several purposes including defining the active transistor areas and the first polysilicon layer and by extending the use of the first polysilicon layer for field-shield isolation between cells. Additional advantages are disclosed including a higher body effect in the isolation transistors, use of a nitride dielectric layer, and a higher, stable threshold voltage in the isolation transistors. Also, modification of the improved process for fabrication of P-channel and N-channel devices can be made.

Effect of zoobenthic standing crop on laminae preservation in tropical lake sediment, Lake Turkana, East Africa.

Abstract: Fine-grained laminated lake beds are frequently interpreted as having developed under anoxic bottom-water conditions. The absence of pervasive bioturbation is considered to indicate O 2 levels too low to support burrowing metazoans. Evidence from Lake Turkana, Kenya, a large tropical Rift Valley lake, suggests that food-resource availability may be equally important in laminae preservation. Oxygen and temperature measurements from localities throughout the lake show bottom waters to be saturated or supersaturated with respect to O 2 even at great depths (> 100 m). Strong regional winds keep bottom waters well mixed, even at the prevailing water temperatures (25-30 degrees C) at which water is readily stratified. Sediments cored in offshore settings of Lake Turkana consist of finely laminated clays with very little interstitial organic material. Primary productivity is extremely high on the margin of the lake, but phytoplankton populations in offshore regions are markedly less productive. This study is intended to inject a cautionary note into potential misinterpretations of lacustrine paleoenvironments, particularly for areas which experience tropical climates at the time of deposition.--Modified journal abstract.

Assessment of Locus of Control: Situational Specificity in the Sexual Context

Abstract: Past research indicates that one's beliefs about the control of rewards and aversive events critically affect the quality of one's life. The concept of locus of control (LC) has been a focal point for this prior work. Few studies have examined the explanatory power of the LC concept in sexual (excluding reproductive) contexts. Problematic for past work has been the use of LC measures not developed specifically for sex research. The present study discusses methodological and conceptual issues involved in assessing LC, reports on the development of an LC measure relevant to the sexual dyad (the DSR), and compares the DSR to a general LC measure not developed expressly for sex research (the NSLC). The DSR was found to (a) have satisfactory reliability and validity, (b) correlate with sexual dyadic variables (e.g., frequency of orgasm, dyadic sexual satisfaction) but not monadic variables (e.g., masturbation frequency, masturbation attitudes), and (c) have significantly larger correlations with dyadi...

Adjustable length pole

Abstract: An adjustable length pole is provided including first and second pole members having slidingly telescopingly engaged inner and outer adjacent ends, respectively. Connecting structure is provided connecting the ends for longitudinal adjustment between predetermined stepped positions of adjustment and the connecting structure includes detent structure defining each of the predetermined positions and yieldingly resisting shifting of the ends from each predetermined position. The connecting structure further includes adjustment structure shiftable relative to one of the ends with the other end and also shiftable relative to the other end between position shifting allowing and position retaining positions. The adjustment structure is operative to non-yieldingly retain the ends in any of the predetermined positions of extension thereof when in the position retaining position and operative to allow shifting of the ends between the predetermined extended positions thereof when in the position shifting allowing position. Further, the connecting structure also is operative to prevent further extension of the ends past a maximum extended position defined by the connecting structure, even when the adjusting structure is in the position shifting allowing position.

Exploring the relations between traits and emotions

Abstract: The relationships among traits and among emotions have been well researched and are well known, but few experimental probes of the relationships between traits and emotions have been undertaken. The present investigation sought to describe the relations that exist between traits and emotions. The Comrey Personality Scale (a trait inventory) and the Profile of Mood States (an emotion inventory) were administered to 140 students and the subscales were correlated using canonical procedures. The resulting canonical correlations may be specified in bipolar summary form as follows: Neurotic-Stable was found to be correlated with Depressed-Hopeful; Introverted-Extraverted was found to be correlated with Quiescent-Vigorous; and Empathic-Egocentrical was found to be correlated with Content-Confused. Furthermore, the predictive strength between the trait set and the emotion set was reasonably good, although substantially better when traits rather than emotions served as the predictors.

Zero drain overlap and self aligned contact method for MOS devices

Abstract: The invented technique permits the gate length to equal the channel length: source/drain regions are self-aligned and non-overlapping with respect to their gate electrode. The non-overlapping feature, along with other optimized device characteristics, are generally provided by defining a gate electrode over a substrate, forming an implant mask of dielectric, for example, on the sides of the gate electrode, and implanting a source/drain region such that the implant mask shields a portion of the substrate from implantation to provide a gap between a side edge of the gate electrode and the implanted regions. The source/drain region is then heat driven until its side edge is substantially aligned with the edge of the gate electrode. Self-aligned source/drain contacts are also provided using the implant mask to isolate the gate electrode from the contacts and interconnects.

Affective state and the selective exposure to and use of television

Abstract: Zillmann's “annoyance reduction” hypotheses were used to test the relationship between affective states and voluntary television selection and use. The results indicated that annoyed individuals viewed television significantly less than praised individuals.

Multilayered chromium oxide bonded, hardened and densified coatings and method of making same

Abstract: This invention discloses a means of producing chromium oxide bonded coatings applied to metal or other suitable substrates in a layered, built-up manner and the products produced thereby.

An implementation-independent approach to teaching recursion

Abstract: The principle of abstraction, of separating a concept from a particular implementation of that concept, is gaining increasingly widespread use in programming and problem solving, and in teaching these subjects. A method of teaching the abstract concept of recursion, independent of its implementation, is presented.

A 30ns 64K CMOS RAM

Abstract: This paper will describe a 30ns 64K×1 CMOS SRAM using analog circuit techniques, multistage decoding, and a single polysilicon memory cell with a buried vss line.

Dram current control technique

Abstract: In a DRAM, current surges during sense and restore operations are compensated. Peak current through sense amplifiers is stabilized through initiation of the sense and restore operations during the chip active period and completion of the sense and restore operation during the chip precharge period. The delay between first and second sensing signals is controlled to be longer for those temperature and power supply conditions under which the chip is operating fastest. Correspondingly, the delay between first and second sensing signals is made shorter for those temperature and power supply conditions under which the chip is operating slowest. Overall peak current is limited to that drawn through small transistors used to begin turning on the sense amplifier. The duration of the second sensing signal is responsive to the temperature and power supply variation so it endures for an acceptable period in which to complete the sense and restore function. The second sensing signal timing is not determined by the first sensing signal.

Removing the Egocentric Bias The Relevance of Distress Cues to Evaluation of Fairness

Abstract: This investigation examines the hypothesis that the egocentric bias may be removed if the psychological distress of the coworker is made salient. The design was a 2 X 2 X 2 completely randomized factorial with the amount of reward (overreward versus underreward), type of relationship (friends versus strangers),and salience of a coworker's distress (no distress message versus distress message) as the three independent variables. The results indicated that the egocentric bias (significant differences between underrewarded and overrewarded subjects' evaluations of fairness) was found when the coworker's distress was not made evident. The bias was eliminated, however, when the distress of the coworker was made known through a message. An explanation of how the equity formulation can account for these findings is provided.

Bit line load and column circuitry for a semiconductor memory

Abstract: Bit line load and column circuitry is provided for a semiconductor memory such as a CMOS static RAM. The bit line load includes a bit line clamp (30) combined with a bit line current source (32) regulated by a voltage reference (VR1) which tracks changes in transistor characteristics. Separate data read lines (24, 26) and data write lines (20, 22) are provided, with a differential amplifier (40) for each pair of bit lines. The data read lines (24, 26) are coupled to compensated current source loads (48, 50), and the differential amplifiers (40) are coupled to switching transistors (52, 54) which are also compensated for transistor characteristic changes. Each bit line pair (14, 16) has a sneak capacitance prevention transistor (66) so that in non-selected columns the bit line pairs are coupled together allowing the memory cells therein to pull down all of the bit lines. This isolates the read lines from unwanted capacitance in the differential amplifiers of each of the non-selected columns. Further, a VCC protection circuit (Figure 4) is provided.

Autonomy and Adaptability in Work Behavior of Retarded Clients

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents the systematic technology for the vocational training of mentally retarded individuals. There are two overarching goals of transitional employment programs—namely, promotion of autonomy and adaptability. Relevant training strategies such as self-control procedures, withdrawal strategies, and certain traditional behavior change strategies are discussed in the context of autonomy of performance. General case programming is considered to be a strategy promoting primarily adaptability of performance. The proposed theoretical framework highlights certain characteristics of the literature on the maintenance of vocational skills. Of the maintenance studies cited in the chapter, only one—that is, by Wacker and Berg—combined a maintenance strategy with the one promoting adaptability of performance. The remaining studies utilized strategies selected from among self-control, withdrawal designs, and minimization of differences between the training setting and the targeted natural environment. Only a few of the many possible strategy combinations have been attempted, indicating the potential for several productive lines of research. Optimal combinations of strategies must be found and general combining rules must be determined to enable the selection of strategies appropriate to a given training setting and targeted natural environment. Only after these goals are approached will a systematic technology exist for maintaining valued work behaviors.

Jeep top fastening means

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for covering and uncovering an opening in the rear of an automobile wherein the apparatus comprises a tailgate pivotally mounted for rotation about a vertical axis and covering or uncovering the lower portion of the opening and a separate flexible member detachably secured to the rear of the automobile to cover or uncover the remaining portion of the opening so that the tailgate may be moved to uncover the lower portion of the opening without moving any portion of the separate flexible member.

Viscometric Measurement of Chromium(ill)-Polyacrylamide Gels by Weissenberg Rheogoniometer

Abstract: Gelled polymers are being used increasingly to modify the movement of injected fluids in secondary and enhanced oil recovery processes. A common gelation process involves the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the presence of polyacrylamide. The Cr(III) reacts or interacts with the polymer to form a gel network. Although correlations of gelation time with principal process variables have been obtained, viscometric data have not been reported during or after gelation. These data are needed for fluid flow calculations in surface equipment and estimation of flow behavior in reservoir rocks. A Weissenberg Rheogoniometer, with cone and plate geometry, was used to obtain viscometric data for the gelation of polyacrylamide and chromium (III). Solutions consisting of polyacrylamide polymer, sodium dichromate-dihydrate and sodium bisulfite were gelled under a steady shear field at constant temperature. The shear stress vs. time profile for the gelation process was interpreted to define a gelation time and to determine the apparent viscosity of the gelled fluid. The gelation time decreased as the applied shear rate increased up to about 14.25 sec/sup -1/ and was affected by shear rate history. Viscometric properties of the gelled solutions were determined. Apparent viscosity of the gelled solutions decreased as the shearmore » rate under which they were formed increased. Post gelation studies indicated that gels exhibited a residual or yield stress at zero shear rate and behaved as Bingham plastics under steady shear. Gels formed at low shear rates were more viscous than gels formed at high shear rates. However, the structure of these gels was susceptible to shear degradation.« less