Showing papers by "University of Colorado Colorado Springs published in 1985"

A unitary, self-contained card verification and validation system and method

Abstract: A unitary, self-contained card (10) which does not require interaction with a fixed terminal device to prevent monitoring of confidential information contained within the card (10). The unitary, self-contained card (10) has the ability to verify a personal identification number (PIN) which is entered directly into the card by way of a keyboard (12) without the use of an outside terminal and produce a transaction identification code (TIC) which varies for each transactional use of the card (10) and which can later be verified to determine the validity of the transaction. The card (10) is capable of storing issue and expiration dates, credit limit balances and other card transactional data. The card (10) can be used in conjuctions with a validation system (102) with provisions for verifying information recorded on the magnetic indicia (22) of the card (10). The card (10) can also be used with peripheral devices (96) which function to verify the validity of the transation from the transaction identification code (TIC).

Piaget, stone tools and the evolution of human intelligence.

Abstract: Archaeology can be used to study the evolution of human intelligence but to do so archaeologists must employ well established theories of intelligence. Piagetian theory is especially useful because it is evolutionary in scope and, just as important, can be used to analyze stone tools, the most abundant residue of prehistoric behavior. Using Piagetian method to analyze artefact geometries, the author has been able to assess the intelligence of two groups of early hominids. Oldowan tools required very simple spatial concepts, indicating an intelligence not much greater than that of modern apes. This suggests that human evolution prior to 1.5 million years ago may not have involved selection for intelligence. Later Acheulean artefacts, on the other hand, required sophisticated spatial concepts, indicating that an essentially modern intelligence had evolved by 300,000 years ago.

Development of the self-aligned titanium silicide process for VLSI applications

Abstract: A manufacturable self-aligned titanium silicide process which simultaneously silicides both polysilicon gates and junctions has been developed for VLSI applications. The process produces silicided gates and junctions with sheet resistances of 1.0-2.0 Ω/square. This paper describes the application of the self-aligned titanium silicide process to NMOS VLSI circuits of the 64K SRAM class with 1-µm gate lengths. Comparison of circuit yield data and test structure parameters from devices fabricated with and without the silicidation process has demonstrated that the self-aligned silicide process is compatible with both VLSI NMOS and CMOS technologies. The self-aligned titanium silicide process has some very significant manufacturing advantages over the more conventional deposited silicide on polysilicon technologies. In particular, the problems associated with etching and depositing a polycide gate stack are eliminated with the self-aligned process since the polycide etch is replaced with a much more straightforward polysilicon only etch. As gate lengths, gate oxide thicknesses, and source-drain junction depths are scaled, linewidth control, etch selectivity to the underlying gate oxide, and cross-sectional profile control become more critical. The stringent etch requirements are more easily satisfied with the self-aligned silicide process.

Chloracne and chloracnegens.

Abstract: Chloracne, an acneform eruption resulting from poisoning by halogenated aromatic compounds, has been a considerable problem over the last 40 years. The condition is always a symptom of systemic poisoning and should be familiar to all practitioners, particularly dermatologists. It is difficult to treat and can last for long periods without known additional exposure to chloracnegens. Some chloracnegens are capable of causing a variety of systemic signs and symptoms and may be oncogenic. Although there are probably fewer than 4,000 persons with chloracne worldwide, those found with the disorder should be evaluated medically on a regular basis and followed, if possible, throughout their lives.

Smoke evacuator system for use in laser surgery

Abstract: A smoke evacuator system for by-products of laser surgery including an inline construction of a motor and a filter assembly mounted on opposite sides of a mounting plate. The filter fits in a filter duct and the temperature of the flow between the filter and the vacuum chamber of the vacuum pump can be monitored to determine the clog condition of the filter. The system includes electronic circuitry to activate an alarm device to indicate to the user that the filter is clogged and further circuitry is provided to shutoff the motor after a long period of operation with a clogged filter to prevent damage to the system by overheating.

Unitary, self-contained consumer transaction card

Abstract: An improved unitary, self-contained consumer transaction card having an outer support frame, an internally positioned printed circuit board, and top and bottom label sheets. The outer support frame provides structural support to the card and minimizes the flow of adhesives located under the top and bottom sheets out from the card. Backfill material inserted on the underside of the bottom label sheet and into the embossed consumer information provides structural strength to the embossed consumer information to prevent damage when the card is used.

Power control system for a semiconductor laser

Abstract: In an optical recording system employing a semiconductor diode laser and having both read and write capabilities, the laser power must be carefully controlled at both the appropriate level for reading and at a different level for writing. Typically, a continuous read beam is emitted by the laser while pulses at the higher write power level are generated. The laser power control loop of the present disclosure maintains both the read and write output power of the laser within predetermined limits. A light sensing diode is used to determine laser output power, which is then used to operate the control circuit by adjusting the read and write current supplied to the laser. The output of the sensing diode voltage is passed through a read/write switch which is controlled by write pulses, which also control the laser. In read mode a DC signal is sent to a quad comparator circuit for read power control. In write mode a pulsed signal is sent to a sample and hold circuit which output goes through an amplifier to another quad comparator circuit for write power control.

Influence of cravings and aversions on diet in pregnancy

Abstract: Using interviews at specific periods during pregnancy, this study examined the influence of maternal dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy on frequency of consumption of dietary items, among a sample of 400 white, well‐nourished women in Albany, New York, whose pregnancies were ascertained by the 13th week. Seventy‐six percent of the women reported craving at least one item, while 85% reported at least one aversion. The greatest changes in frequency of consumption, according to 7‐day diet histories, occurred between the last menstrual period and the 12th week. Most cravings and aversions also occurred early, with aversions earlier than cravings. A decrease in mean frequency of consumption of craved items was noted for only two foods (vegetables and ice cream) out of a total of 18. Women reporting aversions showed a similar pattern of change, an increase in consumption for two of 18 items (white milk and fruit). Thus, women reporting cravings generally increased their consumption of food items cr...

Bulk and surface plasmons and localization effects in finite superlattices.

Abstract: We consider the propagation of bulk and surface plasmons in a finite superlattice structure composed of alternating layers of materials A and B, with the whole structure resting on a substrate. An implicit dispersion relation is derived allowing the dielectric constant of each material to be a function of frequency. We then present numerical examples for the case where material A is a metal and the remaining materials have frequency-independent dielectric constants. We explore three types of material configurations: (1) a finite number of layers of A and all other materials being taken with \ensuremath{\epsilon}=1; (2) the same as case (1), but here with the dielectric constant of material B increased by 5%; and (3) a realistic geometry appropriate for Al films separated by ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ layers on a ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ substrate. The dispersion curves in case (1) are similar to those for an infinite superlattice of the same material parameters. The primary difference is that for thin superlattice structures, there is a splitting of the frequencies of the surface modes. In case (2) the symmetry of the system is lowered and there is strong localization, particularly for the surface modes. Case (3) also shows unique features, the most interesting being the existence of a mode which changes character from bulk nature to a surface mode and then back to a bulk mode.

Religion and youth substance use.

Abstract: This research study of 13,878 youths indicates that religion is not by itself a very important predictor of youth substance use. It is, however, more strongly related to alcohol use than drug use. Also, fundamentalist religious groups have the lowest percentages of substance use in general, while the more liberal types of religious groups have the lowest percentages of heavy substance use. Of the six dimensions of religion used in the study to predict youth substance use, importance of religion to the subject was the most important, with church membership second, and the fundamentalism-liberalism scale of religious groups third.

Explaining Citizen Evaluations of Urban Services A Comparison of Some Alternative Models

Abstract: This study evaluates alternative models of citizen satisfaction with urban services. More specifically, it compares and assesses three models of satisfaction at two points in time. The availability...

Levobunolol Compared With Timolol for the Long-term Control of Elevated Intraocular Pressure

Abstract: Levobunolol hydrochloride (0.5% and 1%) and timolol maleate (0.5%) are being compared in an ongoing, double-masked, randomized study of 141 patients with ocular hypertension or chronic open-angle glaucoma. Baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) in the three treatment groups ranged from 26 to 27 mm Hg. During the first 15 months of the study, the two drugs have not proved to be significantly different in ocular hypotensive efficacy, with overall mean IOP decreases of 6.8 to 7.6 mm Hg. In addition, the two concentrations of levobunolol have been equally effective in controlling IOP. Neither drug has been associated with any significant ocular side effects. Both drugs have produced significant decreases (five to ten beats per minute) in mean heart rate. The effect on mean blood pressure has been less pronounced: overall decreases have been less than 4 mm Hg for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results of this ongoing study suggest that levobunolol is as effective and as safe as timolol for the long-term control of IOP.

Smoke evacuator system with electronic control circuitry

Abstract: A laser surgery smoke evacuator system is disposed within a small, thermally and acoustically insulated casing. The system includes a filter, a vacuum pump disposed downstream of the filter, an alternating current motor driven by an AC power source, a DC power supply energized by the AC source, an AC phase controller to vary the motor speed, a capacitor circuit to isolate the phase control from electromotive interference and a filter clog circuit. The DC power supply powers the phase controller and the capacitor and filter clog circuits. The AC phase controller is mounted next to an air intake in the casing for cooling the motor. The motor drives the vacuum pump which evacuates smoke from a laser surgery site, draws such smoke through the filter and exhausts clean air from the casing. A temperature controller disposed between the filter and pump is connected to the filter clog circuit, monitors the clogged condition of the filter and energizes an indicator on the casing to notify the user of the clogged condition of the filter.

Phosphorylation mechanisms in chemical evolution

Abstract: An objective of this work is to elucidate the mechanism of phosphorylation of nucleosides in amide solvents and in urea. A second objective is to assess the importance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of nucleotide derivatives in amide environments. Although the most complex amide studied here was N-methylacetamide, inferences are made on the importance of dephosphorylation for nucleotides in oligopeptide environments.

Disk drive for cartridge disks

Abstract: A disk drive includes a drive mechanism for engaging the disk of a disk cartridge. A support is provided to move the drive mechanism into engagement with the disk. Several alternative supports are disclosed, employing cam mechanisms to pivotally move the drive mechanism. Also, pins are provided to restrain the cartridge housing from movement while the support is operated. An actuator is provided to open the cartridge as it is inserted into the drive.

Source follower cmos input buffer

Abstract: An input buffer has input and output inverters. An n-channel transistor is coupled as a source follower between the inverters. The buffer receives a TTL input and provides a CMOS output. The source follower transistor has a large channel width and provides substantial pullup. The output inverter stage can be made larger. A p-channel transistor in parallel with the n-channel source follower transistor permits the internal node to reach a full Vcc level. Another n-channel transistor driven by the input signal permits the node to reach ground.

On becoming a prostitute: An exploratory case‐comparison study

Abstract: (1985). On becoming a prostitute: An exploratory case‐comparison study. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 329-335.

Process for use in rapidly producing printed circuit boards using a computer controlled plotter

Abstract: A conductor clad board from which the printed circuit board is produced is operatively retained for manipulation in a plotter controlled by a computer. Etchant-resist material is laid down in a printed circuit conductor pattern on at least one conductive sheet of the board by a marking instrument operatively manipulated by the plotter. The computer controls the application of the resist material in accordance with printed circuit board computer aided design information in the computer memory. Both conductive sheets of the board can be marked with resist after establishing the orientation of the board so the printed circuit patterns on opposite sides of the board occupy a predetermined aligned relationship. After etching, the board is again retained in the plotter and holes are drilled through the board by using drill apparatus operatively adapted for use and manipulation by the plotter.

Filter for laser surgery smoke evacuation system

Abstract: A filter for a laser surgery smoke evacuation system including a generally cylindrical hollow housing with endcaps on either end to hold a plurality of filter elements in place within the housing. The inlet end of the housing includes a hollow cone with a cylindrical inlet projecting from the apex of the cone and a base ring projecting from the base of the cone. The endcaps are held in place by adhesive tape strips with a high friction backing. The high friction backing helps hold the filter lightly in place during use. The filter is disposable and easily removable from the system and includes no mechanical apparatus to hold the filter in the system.

A Beginner's Guide to the Problem-Oriented First Family Interview†

Abstract: The large volume and diversity of family therapy resources can often confuse trainees who are in need of more abbreviated guidelines for managing their clinical responsibilities. This paper presents a structured outline of a problem-oriented first family interview for the family therapy supervisor and the beginning family therapist. We view the first interview as an integrated process including the important tasks preceding and following the initial family meeting. After the goals that shape the work of the first interview are described, a step-by-step guide to the twelve phases of the interview is presented: telephoning; forming hypotheses; the greeting; the social phase; identifying the problem; observing family patterns; defining goals; contracting; checklist; revising hypotheses; contacting the referral person; and gathering records. This approach to the first interview integrates a variety of structural and strategic procedures. The guide, intended for use in conjunction with close supervision, may serve as a foundation on which beginning therapists can build their unique styles.

Read channel for an optical recorder

Abstract: A read channel for an optical recorder. Data is recorded on the media in a fixed block code. The data is read and the location of the holes within a symbol are determined for the odd and even symbol positions separately. The location of the hole is determined for an odd or an even hole by using two sample and hold cells to hold the signal value received at a symbol position and compare it to the signal value received at a previous position. If the comparison results in a new higher valued signal being found, the output of the comparator changes. If the output of the comparator changes, the address of the change is recorded. The last such change denotes the location of the symbol position having the highest signal value, which is the address of the hole. The address of the holes, even and odd, are used to directly convert from the fixed block code to binary. Two symbols convert to 8 binary bits.

Objective lens focus initialization system

Abstract: A focus initialization system adapted for use with an optical data recording system. Focus initialization is performed while a tracking servo loop is in an open loop mode, and an objective lens is fixedly positioned along a tracking axis. With a focus servo system in an open loop mode, the objective lens is cyclically driven along a focus axis about a neutral position and between offset positions. Displacement of the offset positions from the neutral position is increased with each successive cycle. After the objective lens has been positioned at each peak offset position, the focus servo loop is closed and track crossings resultant from eccentricity of the servo tracks on the record carrier are counted. Focus capture is recognized when at least a predetermined number of track crossings are counted during a predetermined time period. If less than the predetermined number of track crossings are counted during the predetermined time period, the focus servo loop is opened and the objective lens is driven to a successive offset position.

Resistor with low thermal activation energy

Abstract: An improved process in making a polysilicon resistor suitable for use as a load resistor in a static memory wherein after the doping of the polysilicon, the device is annealed by exposing it to a rapid increase of ambient temperature (up to between 900 and 1200° C.), maintaining the high ambient temperature for a controlled time (about 5 seconds) and then lowering the ambient tempertature at a rapid rate. This decreases resistances by one order of magnitude and significantly decreases the temperature activation energy of the resistor. This permits static memory cells to retain data even though the cell has high leakage currents, thereby improving final test yields.

Method of making ferroelectric memory devices

Abstract: A monolithic semiconductor integrated circuit-ferroelectric device is disclosed together with the method of manufacturing same. The ferroelectric device preferably consists of a layer of stable ferroelectric potassium nitrate disposed between electrical contacts positioned on opposite surfaces of the ferroelectric layer. The ferroelectric layer has a thickness of less than 110 microns, and preferably falling within a range of from 100 Angstrom units to 25,000 Angstrom units. The process of manufacturing the monolithic structure is multi-stepped and is particularly adapted for fabricating a potassium nitrate ferroelectric memory on a semiconductor integrated circuit.