Showing papers by "University of Colorado Colorado Springs published in 1991"

Physiological characteristics of elite judo athletes.

Abstract: In order to provide some understanding of the physiological capacities underlying successful judo performance, representative values for a variety of physiological variables were determined in nationally ranked male (n = 18) and female (n = 9) judo athletes. Body composition, aerobic capacity, isokinetic elbow and knee flexor and extensor strength, and muscle fiber size and composition of the vastus lateralis were examined. Comparisons across weight divisions indicate that the values of many characteristics varied as a function of size. As weight division increased, relative VO2 decreased (r = -0.53 and -0.63 for males and females, respectively), % body fat increased (r = 0.64, 0.72), and the cross sectional areas of Type I (r = 0.55, 0.77) and Type IIA (r = 0.47, = 0.76) muscle fibers increased. Among females in particular, athletes in the higher weight divisions were stronger relative to LBM than those in the lower division. These results indicate that the physiological profiles of lower and upper weight division elite judo players differ markedly. It is suggested that the factors responsible for success may be specific to each weight division and may represent a compromise between making weight and maximizing physiological capacities and performance.

Combined-Flow Model for Vertical Stratification Sequences in Shallow Marine Storm-Deposited Beds

Abstract: We develop a model to help explain the wide variety of vertical stratification sequences in shallow-marine sandstones This model, embodied in a set of vertical-sequence cartoons, predicts or accounts for vertical stratification sequences in beds of free sandstone deposited from a full range of decelerating combined flows, as well as from purely unidirectional and oscillatory flows According to the model, vertical stratification sequences in storm-deposited sandstone beds are the outcome of the time history of the bed configuration as deposition proceeds The idealized sequences are based on the initial velocities and subsequent deceleration histories of the unidirectional and oscillatory flow components Twenty qualitatively different sequences starting with plane bed are generated, and an additional 26 sequences result from omitting one or more of the lowermost intervals in succession The model thus accounts for 46 distinct kinds of sequences Five major simplifying assumptions are built into the model: bidirectional flows, linear deceleration of both unidirectional and oscillatory flow components, time-independent deposition rate, time-independent sediment size, and equilibrium bed configurations Owing to these assumptions, the model is likely to be applicable to only a small subset of vertical stratification sequences observed in shallow marine sandstones As more information on combined-flow bed configurations becomes available, these assumptions could be relaxed to provide a more refined and complete representation of vertical stratification sequences Since the model generates vertical sequences formed from any kind of decelerating flow, the Bouma sequence for deposits from purely unidirectional turbidity currents and also sequences resulting from decelerating purely oscillatory flows (similar in appearance to many proposed generalized tempestite sequences) are end-member cases in the model The model is also extended slightly to explain the geometry of the uppermost bedding surfaces of storm-generated sandstones by consideration of disequilibrium effects

Method and apparatus for establishing spread spectrum communications

Abstract: A method for establishing communications between a master unit (50) and a plurality of node units (51-55). Of the plurality of node units, K node units are assumed to have established communications with a master unit. A first (K+ 1) node unit of the plurality of node units desires to establish communications with the master unit. The method includes transmitting from the master unit a base-station spread spectrum signal (CSn1) having a common-signalling chip code, transmitting from the first node unit a second spread spectrum signal (CSm) with a first identification code using the common-signalling chip code, transmitting from the master unit a third spread spectrum signal (CSn2) with a master unit identification code, using the common-signalling chip code. The method further includes generating at the first node unit using the master unit identification signal (CSn2) a master unit chip code for transmitting spread spectrum signals (CNMK+1) to the master unit. Additionally, the method includes generating at the master unit using the first identification code, a first node unit chip code for transmitting spread spectrum signals (CMNk+1) to the first node unit.

Tools, Grammar and the Archaeology of Cognition

Abstract: Use of archaeological evidence in discussions of the origin and evolution of grammar has proved unconvincing largely because of undeveloped theoretical assumptions about the cognitive connection between language and tool behaviour. This paper examines the cognitive basis of tool use and tool making and concludes that there is no sound theoretical basis for inferring grammatical abilities from prehistoric stone tools. Our knowledge concerning the cognitive basis of tool behaviour can, however, be used to document evolutionary developments in hominid cognition. Analysis of early biface culture, for example, reveals a cognitive complexity greater than that demonstrable for the earlier Oldowan or for modern apes.

A capacitor-charging power supply using a series-resonant topology, constant on-time/variable frequency control, and zero-current switching

Abstract: A power supply specifically designed for capacitor-charging applications that uses a series-resonant circuit topology, a constant on-time/variable frequency control scheme, and zero-current switching techniques has been developed The performance of this capacitor-charging power supply (CCPS) has been evaluated in the laboratory by charging several values of load capacitance at various repetition rates The CCPS has charged a 1 mu F capacitor from 0 to 1500 V DC in 750 mu s, exhibiting a charging power of 1500 J/s This operation has been repeated at a rate of 800 charges per second, which corresponds to an average power output of 900 W A 10 mu F capacitor has been charged from 0-1500 V DC in 8 ms These results indicate that this design is feasible for use in capacitor-charging applications >

Solid-state RAM data storage for virtual memory computer using fixed-sized swap pages with selective compressed/uncompressed data store according to each data size

Abstract: A computer using virtual memory management employs a random-access type storage device such as a semiconductor memory for page swapping. The semiconductor memory is formatted to provide multiple partitions of varying block size, e.g., two block sizes, for compressed pages, and another block size for uncompressed original-sized pages. The data to be stored is in pages of fixed size, and these pages are compressed for storage if the compressed size fits in the block size of one of the small-block partitions in the memory. If a data page is not compressible to one of the small block sizes, it is stored uncompressed in the other full-size partition. The operating system maintains a table storing the locations of the pages in the partitions, so upon recall the page (if compressed) is retrieved from its location found using the table, decompressed and sent to the CPU. The relative number of blocks in the partitioned memory (e.g., the physical storage capacity of the memory) is set (or dynamically allocated) at the average ratio of compressible pages to uncompressible pages for the compression algorithm used. For example, an algorithm may compress 90% of the pages to either 50% or 70% of their original size, so a ratio of the number of locations in the compressed partitions of the semiconductor memory to the number of locations in the uncompressed partition is selected as 90:10. The compression mechanism operates on bytes in bit-parallel format, and uses a lookahead buffer which is compared with bytes in a window to produce 9-bit symbols. The stream of 9-bit symbols passes through an ECC generator, also operating in bit-parallel.

considered harmful

Abstract: Large software systems are crafted by joining disparate code sequences through a common interface . The mechanisms for defining interfaces must be robust, well-understood, and resistant t o change. Ada provides unique mechanisms for defining the interfaces between separated cod e sequences . One of these is the private type. Types exported by Ada packages can be defined as private indicating that the package's client has no visibility to the actual structure of the full typ e definition. Types imported by generic units can be defined as private indicating that the unit does not require visibility to the actual structure of the client's type definition . \"=\" is an operation provided with these type mechanisms that must be used with care by a package's client and within a generic unit .

Series ferroelectric capacitor structure for monolithic integrated circuits and method

Abstract: A ferroelectric capacitor for a memory device including a substrate, a bottom electrode and a top electrode. Between the bottom and top electrodes is either an alternating plurality of layers of ferroelectric material and intermediate electrodes or a plurality of layers of ferroelectric material. A method for forming the same through establishing one layer over the other is also disclosed.

Parametric system identification on logarithmic frequency response data

Abstract: Gradient search methods that fit the parameters of a user-defined transfer function to experimental logarithmic frequency response data are presented. The methods match a model based on physically significant parameters, including natural frequencies of poles and zeros and damping ratios of complex poles and zeros. The algorithms construct and utilize their own analytical gradient descent functions, based on the desired model. One method attempts to fit both log magnitude and phase, while another identifies a minimum phase transfer function model from only log magnitude frequency response data. The log magnitude algorithm is shown to be superior to traditional methods using nonlogarithmic frequency response data, including those used in commercially available frequency response analyzers. The algorithms are shown to perform well, especially for systems with lightly-damped dynamics. >

On the relationship between self-focused attention and psychological disorder: a critical reappraisal.

Abstract: A recent review of the literature on the role of self-focused attention in psychological dysfunction (Ingram, 1990) is critically examined. This article (a) reexamines the evidence relevant to Ingram's proposal that self-awareness is a nonspecific factor involved in virtually all forms of psychopathology and argues that this conclusion is not warranted by the existing evidence; (b) takes issue with his premise that the fact that self-awareness is associated with a variety of psychological dysfunctions poses a conceptual dilemma; (c) corrects several important inaccuracies and mischaracterizations in his presentation of Carver and Scheier's (1981) cybernetic control theory and Pyszczynski and Greenberg's (1987) self-regulatory perseveration theory; and (d) critiques the "self-absorption" model that he proposed as an alternative to extant theories and concludes that this conceptualization does not add to the understanding of either self-awareness processes or psychopathology.

SAWC phase detection method and apparatus

Abstract: A phase-coded surface acoustic wave correlator device (17) is used with a spread spectrum receiver. A data device (13) outputs a data symbol sequence, a code generator (14) repetitively generates a spreading sequence, and a chip modulating device (11) combines the outputs of the data device (13) and of the code generator (14). The output of the chip modulating device (11) is combined with the output of a signal source (16) in a phase modulator (12). Upon receiving the signal at the surface acoustic wave correlator (17) from the communications channel (15), the signal is demodulated at the surface acoustic wave correlator (17) using appropriate transducer and tapped delay line structures phase-matched to the chip sequence of the received signal. The output of the surface acoustic wave correlator (17) is fed into a phase detector (18) which recovers the data symbol sequence for further use.

Setting the Rules: An Examination of the Influence of Organizational Founders' Values

Abstract: The most important contribution of this research is the empirical test of founders' values related to employee perceptions of organizational rules, organizational satisfactions, and levels of uncertainty for communication sending and receiving. Specifically, this research extends previous work by Shockley-Zalabak and Morley by seeking to determine interrelationships among founders' values, culture, and individual members' values. Findings indicate that (a) employees' own values and their perception of organizational rules were related to communication behaviors and organizational outcomes of work satisfaction, company satisfaction, perceived quality of the company, and perceived likelihood of the company's surviving; (b) founders experienced significantly less ambiguity about organizational rules than all other work groups, including managers and supervisors; (c) perception of organizational rules and values varied by organizational level; and (d) differences existed by organizational levels in communicat...

Partner notification: operational considerations.

Abstract: Partner notification, the practice of seeking persons exposed to serious sexually and parenterally transml~ted disease (SID), is ethically acceptable and epld~miologicallynecessary. Although labour intensive and moderately intrusive, its benefits us~ally outweigh its disadvantages-. In practice, effIcacy depends as much on commitment to success as on methods. The objectives of partner notification are the same as those of STD control: to interrupt disease transmission, to prevent complications, and to encourage sustained behaviour change. Reaching populations at particular risk and influencing com~unity norms are important strategic goals. . ~ile the basic transaction in partner notification ~ With the individual, the basicunit of understanding IS the social network, because SID case distribution a~~ behaviour norms are social phenomena. DeCISIons about undertaking partner notification must therefore first take into account a theory of STD transmission in communities.

Ordering at diblock copolymer surfaces

Abstract: Mesure par spectrometrie XPS de l'exces de polystyrene a la surface de copolymeres bisequences symetriques styrene-co-methacrylate de methyle presentant une separation de microphase, en fonction de la temperature et du nombre de segments du polymere

Optical fiber catheter with spaced optical fiber

Abstract: A laser catheter contains groups of optical fibers, each group forming a spiral pattern or radially straight lines, extending from near the inner wall of the laser catheter to the outer wall. The laser catheter is rotated about its longitudinal axis to ablate a target.

Metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor characteristics of bismuth titanate films on silicon

Abstract: Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3OI2) is one of the well known ferroelectrics which exhibits switchable spontaneous polarization in all directions.l,2 Because of its high Curie temperature of 675 °C and high breakdown strength, it has high potential for device applications. Some attempts have been reported regarding the integration of bismuth titanate into silicon MOSFETS for the implementation of non-volatile memories with limited success.3,4 In addition to this, bismuth titanate has a relatively high dielectric constant.5 Recently, there is tremendous interest in using these high dielectric constant materials for storage capacitors in dynamic random access memory applications (DRAM), and as gate insulators to increase the transconductance of MOSFETS.6-8 Therefore, in this paper we are presenting the results of metal—bismuth titanate- p—Si capacitors for device applications as a high dielectric constant material.

An object-oriented model of software configuration management

Abstract: Software configuration management (SCM) seeks to control the evolution of software systems. In this paper, we introduce a new object-oriented model of SCM that is based on the earlier research results of the SAGA project. The model is, we believe, more general and comprehensive than previous models and uses clasaes to define different kinds of SCM entities, methods to define the operations applicable to the entities, and inheritance to denote generalization relationships between the classes. The paper presents the principal classes in the model, describes their structure and functionality, and explains their roles in the representation of SCM systems.

Parallelizing the Self-Organizing Feature Map on multiprocessor systems

Abstract: The Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) proposed by Kohonen is a widely used vector quantization algorithm. A drawback of SOFM is the increase of computation time with an increase in the number of neurons. However, the inherent parallelism of SOFM allows parallel processing to speed up the computation. Parallel algorithms for implementing the Kohonen SOFM are presented in this paper. We have implemented the algorithms on a linear chain and a two-dimensional mesh of transputers. Significant speedup has been achieved. In addition, models to describe the performance of the algorithms are also presented. The performance of massively parallel systems is predicted from the models.

The nutritional habits of young adolescent swimmers.

Abstract: Dietary food records from adolescent male and female swimmers participating in a national developmental training camp were analyzed for nutrient density. The mean caloric intake was 5,221.6 kcal for males and 3,572.6 kcal for females. The distribution of calories between carbohydrates, protein, and fat was not ideal for athletes trying to optimize performance. These young swimmers consumed too much fat and not enough carbohydrate. They consumed more than the RDA of vitamins A and C, and thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin; however, some concern is expressed for females who did not meet the RDA for calcium and iron. This study shows that although a group of adolescent swimmers may be consuming enough nutrients, individual swimmers may have very poor dietary habits and thus may not be providing adequate fuel or nutrients for optimal training or performance.

Totalitarian and Authoritarian Dictators: A Comparison of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner

Abstract: Personal dictators remain a key feature of contemporary regimes termed ‘authoritarian’ or ‘totalitarian’, particularly in their early consolidating phases. But there is still disagreement over the seemingly ideological, polemical and indiscriminate use of the term totalitarian dictatorship as an analytic concept and tool to guide foreign policy formulation. Jeane Kirkpatrick elevated the taxonomy to a vociferous level of debate with a 1979 Commentary article. Entitled ‘Dictatorships and Double Standards’, the work raised anew semantic hairsplitting concerning the qualitative differences between all previous tyrannies and those bearing organisational similarities with the Nazi, Fascist or Stalinist prototypes.

Reaction barrier for a multilayer structure in an integrated circuit

Abstract: A reaction barrier is formed at an interface region between adjacent layers of a multilayer composite integrated circuit by implanting one or more active ionic species at energies effective to place the ionic species at or near the interface. A further step may include annealing the structure formed above to promote efficacy of the reaction barrier.

Juror and expert conceptions of battered women.

Abstract: The admissibility of expert testimony at the trial of a battered woman defendant is very controversial Some courts allow the testimony, others do not This study focuses on two criteria judges use to determine admissibility and attempts to provide an empirical foundation that can assist their decisions First, the area of study about which an expert testifies must be shown to be reliable and valid Second, the subject matter of the testimony must be beyond the ken of the average juror The first criterion was addressed by assessing the opinions of 45 researchers in the field of spousal violence The second criterion was examined by evaluating the knowledge of 141 jurors about myths and empirical research findings associated with battered women Results indicate that researchers showed strong consensus on 14 of 18 issues included in a survey about the reactions of abuse victims, and that compared to these "experts," jurors have limited knowledge on these issues These results suggest that many of the scientific findings concerning battered women are reliable and that the information is often beyond the ken of the jury The findings argue for the use of expert testimony in certain cases involving battered women defendants Language: en

IDDq benefits (digital CMOS testing)

Abstract: The author discusses many different aspects of IDDq, quality, reliability, and test being the major three. A description of IDDq is presented with different pragmatic methods of implementing it. Employing IDDq testing on digital CMOS technology, the user obtains a product with greater reliability. These benefits are introduced, which clearly support IDDq's implementation. >

Tunneling measurements of the zero-bias conductance peak and the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin-film energy gap

Abstract: We have examined the zero-bias conductance peak that is often found in high-temperature-superconductor tunnel-junction spectra. We have also measured the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin-film energy gap. The zero-bias conductance peak can be explained in terms of quasiparticle tunneling, phase diffusion, and a supercurrent. The implications of this model are discussed.