Showing papers by "University of Nebraska–Lincoln published in 1989"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived explicit formulae of the quadrature coefficients for arbitrarily-distributed nodes and for nodes located at the zeros of an orthogonal polynomial.
510 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, series expressions for the net radiation force and torque for a spherical particle illuminated by an arbitrarily defined monochromatic beam are derived utilizing the spherical particle/arbitrary beam interaction theory developed in an earlier paper.
Abstract: Series expressions for the net radiation force and torque for a spherical particle illuminated by an arbitrarily defined monochromatic beam are derived utilizing the spherical‐particle/arbitrary‐beam interaction theory developed in an earlier paper. Calculations of net force and torque are presented for a 5‐μm‐diam water droplet in air optically levitated by a tightly focused (2 μm beam waist diameter) TEM00‐mode argon‐ion (λ=0.5145 μm) laser beam for on and off propagation axis, and on and off structural resonance conditions. Several features of these theoretical results are related to corresponding experimental observations.
481 citations
TL;DR: Testosterone and cortisol were measured in six university tennis players across six matches during their varsity season, and players with the highest prematch testosterone had the most positive improvement in mood before their matches, consistent with a biosocial theory of status.
462 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that the value of information is approximately equal to the product of the mean cost of small deviations from the subtype optima and the variance of a modified distribution of the optimal behaviors.
Abstract: A simple way to approximate the value of information is proposed. This approximation suggests that two kinds of quantities are important in determining the value of information: (1) the optimal behaviors that would be chosen if the decision maker knew which subtype (or state) of the resource it faced; and (2) the costs of small deviations from these subtype optima. I show that the value of information is approximately equal to the product of the mean cost of small deviations from the subtype optima and the variance of a modified distribution of the optimal behaviors. This helps to resolve the conflict between a result from economics, which shows that the value of information does not increase with the variance of subtypes, and results from theoretical behavioral ecology, which show that the effect of adding incomplete information to "conventional" models is greatest when the variance of subtypes is greatest. There is no conflict here as long as an increase in the variance of subtypes results in an increas...
421 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fifth-order corrected expressions for the electromagnetic field components of a monochromatic fundamental Gaussian beam (i.e., a focused TEM00 mode laser beam) propagating within a homogeneous dielectric media are derived.
Abstract: Fifth‐order corrected expressions for the electromagnetic field components of a monochromatic fundamental Gaussian beam (i.e., a focused TEM00 mode laser beam) propagating within a homogeneous dielectric media are derived and presented. Calculations of relative error indicate that the fifth‐order Gaussian beam description provides a significantly improved solution to Maxwell’s equations in comparison with commonly used paraxial (zeroth‐order) and first‐order Gaussian beam descriptions.
375 citations
TL;DR: This report is the characterization of a dwarf mutant in which the phenotype is inherited as a single recessive nuclear mutation that cosegregates with both the kanamycin-resistance trait and the T-DNA insert.
Abstract: Most plant genes that control complex traits of tissues, organs, and whole plants are uncharacterized. Plant height, structure of reproductive organs, seed development and germination, for example, are traits of great agronomic importance. However, in the absence of knowledge of the gene products, current molecular approaches to isolate these important genes are limited. Infection of germinatng seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana with Agrobacterium results in transformed lines in which the integrated T-DNA from Agrobacterium and its associated kanamycin-resistance trait cosegregate with stable, phenotypic alterations. A survey of 136 transformed lines produced plants segregating in a manner consistent with Mendelian predictions for phenotypes altered in height, flower structure, trichomes, gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and seedling development. This report is the characterization of a dwarf mutant in which the phenotype is inherited as a single recessive nuclear mutation that cosegregates with both the kanamycin-resistance trait and the T-DNA insert.
282 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the encoding and storage functions of note-taking are investigated, and it is shown that the process of taking notes, which are not reviewed, is facilitative.
Abstract: This review article investigates the encoding and storage functions of note-taking. The encoding function suggests that the process of taking notes, which are not reviewed, is facilitative. Research specifying optimal note-taking behaviors is discussed as are several means for facilitating note-taking, such as viewing a lecture multiple times, note-taking on a provided framework, or generative note-taking activities. The storage function suggests that the review of notes also is facilitative. Research addressing particular review behaviors, such as organization and elaboration, is discussed as are the advantages of reviewing provided notes, borrowed notes, or notes organized in a matrix form. In addition, cognitive factors related to note-taking and review are discussed. The article concludes with an alternative means for defining and investigating the functions of note-taking, and with implications for education and for research.
278 citations
TL;DR: Three principal approaches have been developed in recent years: the metal vaporization method, sonochemistry, and the preparation of finely divided metal powders by the reduction of metal salts.
Abstract: The formation of novel organometallic compounds by the reaction of organic substrates with finely divided metal powders represents a powerful tool for the synthetic chemist. The direct reaction with a zerovalent metal is the only viable method of synthesis for many of these compounds. Accordingly, chemists have been actively developing new methods for increasing the reactivity of metal powders toward organic substrates. Three principal approaches have been developed in recent years: the metal vaporization method, sonochemistry, and the preparation of finely divided metal powders by the reduction of metal salts. A number of new methods of synthesis have resulted from these studies.
253 citations
01 Jan 1989
253 citations
245 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a series of numerical experiments are presented to verify some of the important points made in Part I of this paper, and the suggested grid point placement scheme is demonstrated to be better than any other available choice, including the one adopted in the orthogonal collocation method.
TL;DR: The objectives of this experiment were to determine if subnormal levels of progesterone (P4) indicative of luteal insufficiency influence the interval to the preovulatory surge of LH after removal of P4, and the secretion of P 4 during the estrous cycle subsequent to administration of subnormal Levels of P3.
Abstract: The objectives of this experiment were to determine if subnormal levels of progesterone (P4) indicative of luteal insufficiency influence (1) pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone (LH), (2) the interval to the preovulatory surge of LH after removal of P4, and (3) the secretion of P4 during the estrous cycle subsequent to administration of subnormal levels of P4. On Day 5 (Day = 0 day of estrus) of the estrous cycle, cows received P4-releasing intravaginal devices (PRID) to produce normal (2 PRIDs; n = 7) or subnormal (0.5 PRID; n = 6) concentrations of P4. Five cows served as controls. On Day 10, serial blood samples were collected from all cows. Collection of blood samples was again initiated on Day 17 in cows receiving PRIDs. The PRIDs were removed and blood collection continued for 78 h. Daily blood samples were collected from all animals for 42 days subsequent to estrus (estrous cycles 1 and 2, respectively). During estrous cycle 1, mean concentration of P4 was lower (p less than 0.05) and frequency of pulses of LH was higher (p less than 0.05) in cows receiving subnormal P4 than in cows receiving normal P4 and control cows. Plasma concentrations of estradiol (E2) were higher (p less than 0.05) on Days 9-16 of estrous cycle 1 in cows receiving subnormal P4 than in cows receiving normal P4 or in control cows. Concentrations of E2 were greater (p less than 0.05) at 6, 18, and 30 h following removal of PRIDs in cows receiving subnormal P4 than in cows receiving normal P4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: The symptoms of histamine poisoning generally resemble the symptoms encountered with IgE-mediated food allergies, and include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, an oral burning sensation or peppery taste, hives, itching, red rash, and hypotension.
Abstract: Histamine poisoning results from the consumption of foods, typically certain types of fish and cheeses, that contain unusually high levels of histamine. Spoiled fish of the families, Scombridae and...
TL;DR: The data obtained here strongly suggest that the active enzyme is a homodimer, as the production of soluble and active enzyme was shown to be highly temperature-dependent.
TL;DR: In this paper, the biological efficiencies in multiple-cropping systems are discussed and the most intensive use of time and space occurs with the simultaneous or near-simultaneous plantings of two or more crops.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the biological efficiencies in multiple-cropping systems. Many multiple-cropping systems persist on farms on which resources are limited and the level of new technology is low. Intensive cropping systems, often with mixtures of species, have reached high yield levels using pesticides, improved cultivars, and other high-input technology in countries such as China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Thailand. Multiple cropping of cereals, grain legumes, and root crops forms the basis of farming systems for many subsistence farmers in the developing world. The most intensive use of time and space occurs with the simultaneous or near-simultaneous plantings of two or more crops. Detailed growth analysis and measurement of resource use are being used to broaden the knowledge base on competition and productivity. Double cropping, which includes two crops in the field in a sequential pattern, provides opportunity for much greater temporal interception of total radiation through the year compared to any single crop, unless that one crop has an extremely long growth cycle. Pest management in multiple-cropping systems is also elaborated.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of behavioral control on the experience of work strain under conditions of work overload and found that high control lessened the impact that work overload had on anxiety.
Abstract: The present study examines the impact of behavioral control on the experience of work strain under conditions of work overload. Extending experimental laboratory findings that suggest that control can lessen the impact of aversive stimuli on psychological and physiological strain responses, we hypothesized an interaction between control and workload such that the effects of high demands on strain would be less if the worker had behavioral control over the task. This hypothesis is also consistent with Karasek's job demands-job decision latitude model of work strain and health. The hypothesis was tested in a laboratory experiment in which 125 subjects worked on a mail sorting task with either a high or moderate level of workload and either a high or low level of behavioral control. Strain responses were assessed with measures of job satisfaction, anxiety, and physiological arousal. The hypothesis was only partially supported in that high control lessened the impact that work overload had on anxiety. While not fully supportive of the model, the results are seen as conservative given the constraints on the manipulation of work overload inherent in the laboratory environment.
TL;DR: A modification of McKellar and Cholette's (1986) colorimetric method for determining lipase activity in reconstituted non-fat dry milk was developed as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A modification of McKellar and Cholette's (1986) colorimetric method for determining lipase activity in reconstituted non-fat dry milk was developed. The method uses the color reaction between Fast Blue BB and the β-naphthol (BN) enzymatically cleaved from β-naphthyl cap-rylate (BNC) as a measure of lipase activity. In the modified method, a solvent system is used to clarify the sample rather than extracting the colored product. This modification allows measurement of total sample lipase by excluding centrifugation. In addition, the modified method has greater sensitivity with equal ease of use.
TL;DR: This investigation compared the transparency of 11 different types of symbols representing objects with 40 nonspeaking subjects who experienced various degrees of intellectual disability, suggesting the existence of a hierarchy of difficulty at the object (noun) level for the symbol sets assessed.
Abstract: This investigation compared the transparency of 11 different types of symbols representing objects with 40 nonspeaking subjects who experienced various degrees of intellectual disability The subjects included a number of individuals with physical impairments or autism in addition to mild, moderate, or severe mental retardation The symbol sets included: nonidentical objects, miniature objects, identical colored photographs, nonidentical colored photographs, black-and-white photographs, Picture Communication Symbols (PCS), Picsyms, Rebus, Self-Talk, Blissymbols, and written words Statistical analyses indicated that real objects were more readily recognized than were any of the symbol sets and that Blissymbols and written words were more difficult than were any of the other sets In addition, the results suggest the existence of a hierarchy of difficulty at the object (noun) level for the symbol sets assessed The results are discussed in terms of their implications for selecting an initial symbol set for
TL;DR: Progeny from a transformed Arabidopsis plant (produced by the Agrobacterium-mediated seed transformation procedure) were found to be segregating for an altered trichome phenotype, finding that the mutation is tightly linked to a T-DNA insert.
Abstract: Progeny from a transformed Arabidopsis plant (produced by the Agrobacterium-mediated seed transformation procedure) were found to be segregating for an altered trichome phenotype. The mutant plants have normal leaf trichomes but completely lack trichomes usually found on the stem. The mutation is tightly linked to a T-DNA insert. Complementation analysis with genetically characterized trichome mutants revealed that the new mutation is an allele of the GL1 locus. The new trichome mutant has been designated gl1-43. DNA gel blot analysis indicated that the insert site contains a complex array of at least four tandemly linked T-DNA units oriented as both direct and inverted repeats. A genomic library, constructed using DNA from gl1-43 plants, was used to clone DNA that flanks the left end of the T-DNA insert. The availability of DNA from the region interrupted by the insert has allowed initial characterization of the wild-type GL1 gene and will permit the eventual cloning and sequencing of this developmentally interesting gene.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a field survey on the implementation of JIT systems in US firms are described and some major findings are discussed and some key issues to be answered for successful implementation.
Abstract: Impressed by the remarkable improvement in productivity by Japanese manufacturing companies, many leading American counterparts are implementing their Just‐in‐time (JIT) systems. There are still several key issues to be answered for successful implementation. The results of a field survey on the implementation of JIT systems in US firms are described and some major findings are discussed.
TL;DR: The potential utility of the SERRS effect as a readout in a one-step, no wash immunoassay system is demonstrated and linear relationship was observed between the intensity of the resultant SERRS signals and the TSH antigen concentration over a range of from 4 to 60 microIU/ml.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that electroporation can be employed successfully for large scale transfer of antibodies into cultured mammalian cells for the study of cellular metabolism.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that these transformants of the wound-requiring fungus have the capacity to infect intact papaya fruits, and that this infection can be prevented by antibodies against Fusarium cutinase.
Abstract: MANY phytopathogenic fungi must breach the intact plant cuticle to successfully invade and colonize their hosts. It has been suggested that cutinase, an extracellular enzyme secreted by many fungi, is essential for infection in some host–pathogen interactions. Chemical or immunological inhibition of cutinase protects the host from infection1, 2. We have cloned and characterized the cutinase complementary DNA and gene from Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi3, 4, a pea pathogen. A construct containing the cutinase coding region and extensive portions of the 5′ and 3′-flanking regions from theFusarium genome was transferred into another phytopathogenic Ascomycete, Mycosphaerella spp., a parasitic fungus that affects papaya fruits only if the fruit skin is mechanically breached before inoculation5. Here we describe the introduction of the Fusarium cutinase gene into Mycosphaerella to yield transformants in which this gene is inducible by cutin hydrolysate. We demonstrate that these transformants of the wound-requiring fungus have the capacity to infect intact papaya fruits, and that this infection can be prevented by antibodies against Fusarium cutinase.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of calcareous nannofossil assemblages from rhythmically-interbedded calcaous shales and adjacent bioturbated chalks of the Greenhorn Limestone of the Western Interior Basin indicate significant changes in phytoplankton paleocommunity structure between lithotypes.
TL;DR: A multiple regression analysis indicated that high ventilation and avoidance coping was predicted by high stress, low family cohesion, and older adolescent age, and in addition, the interaction between family adaptability and duration of IDDM significantly predicted ventilation andavoid coping.
Abstract: The relationships between two coping styles (i.e., use of personal and interpersonal resources; ventilation and avoidance) and two health outcomes (i.e., adherence and metabolic control) were evaluated in 135 youths with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Individual characteristics (i.e., age, duration of illness) and contextual variables (i.e., stress, family relations) were used to predict coping styles. Poor adherence to treatment, older adolescent age, and long duration of IDDM were correlated with ventilation and avoidance coping. Youths with short duration of IDDM were more likely to cope through the use of personal and interpersonal resources, although this strategy was not associated with health outcomes. A multiple regression analysis indicated that high ventilation and avoidance coping was predicted by high stress, low family cohesion, and older adolescent age. In addition, the interaction between family adaptability and duration of IDDM significantly predicted ventilation and avoidance coping.
TL;DR: Results indicate that blood flow and O2 consumption in both PDV and liver are related to level of nutrition, and splanchnic tissues represent a significant component of whole-body O 2 consumption that is subject to manipulation by level of Nutrition.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to measure changes in splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption in sheep fed on a high-concentrate diet ad lib. (ADLIB) or an amount sufficient to maintain body-weight (MAINT) for 21 d. Eleven ram lambs were surgically implanted with chronic indwelling catheters in the portal, hepatic and mesenteric veins and mesenteric artery to measure blood flow and net O2 flux through the liver and portal-drained viscera (PDV). During the 21 d period, PDV (P less than 0.05) and liver (P less than 0.01) blood flow increased in ADLIB and decreased in MAINT lambs (treatment x day, linear). After 21 d, O2 consumptions in PDV and liver of MAINT lambs were 37 and 63% lower than in ADLIB lambs. In the control period, total splanchnic tissues represented an average of 52% of whole body O2 consumption. After 21 d, the relative contributions of PDV and liver to whole-body O2 consumption were 28 and 41% in ADLIB and 19 and 22% in MAINT lambs respectively. Allometric regression variables indicate that liver O2 consumption responds more rapidly to changes in metabolizable energy intake than portal O2 consumption. These results indicate that blood flow and O2 consumption in both PDV and liver are related to level of nutrition. Furthermore, splanchnic tissues represent a significant component of whole-body O2 consumption that is subject to manipulation by level of nutrition.
TL;DR: This work tagged and isolated a gene that is specifically required for the development of the specialized trichome cell in Arabidopsis thaliana and confirmed the identity of this gene, GLABROUS1, by complementation.
Abstract: We are using the formation of trichomes in Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system to study gene expression during cellular differentiation. To initiate the molecular characterization of this system, we tagged and isolated a gene that is specifically required for the development of the specialized trichome cell. We confirmed the identity of this gene, GLABROUS1 (GL1), by complementation. These results demonstrate that a crucial gene in a plant developmental pathway can be successfully identified by complementation.
TL;DR: Evidence that this 67-kDa polypeptide present in reticulocyte lysates contains multiple O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues is presented, and these glycosyl residues may be required for p67 activity to protect the eIF-2 alpha-subunit from eif-2 kinase phosphorylation.
TL;DR: Current residency training does not assure competency in all of the procedures the general internist does in practice, and program directors should examine which skills are adequately taught, test competence, and ways to improve residents' skills.
Abstract: Study objective To obtain the opinions of internal medicine residency program directors about which procedural skills residents master during training and the amount of training needed to attain and maintain competence in each procedure. Design A mailed survey to all program directors in the United States. Respondents Program directors or their designees from 389 of 431 (90%) internal medicine residency programs. Results For several procedures, 40% more respondents said all residents should master the procedure than said all their residents do master the procedure. Some procedures commonly done in practice were perceived as mastered by all residents in fewer than half of the programs. There were few differences in procedures learned by size or type of program. A fellowship program did affect exposure to some procedures in the field covered by the program. Median recommendations of training needed to master each procedure were similar to those of practicing internists for most procedures. Conclusions Current residency training does not assure competency in all of the procedures the general internist does in practice. Program directors should examine which skills are adequately taught, test competence, and ways to improve residents' skills. Practicing general internists should have access to supervised training in procedural skills.