Showing papers by "University of Texas at Dallas published in 1979"
Book•
01 Jan 1979TL;DR: The Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Seventh Edition, provides a basic reference source on the behavioral processes of aging for researchers, graduate students, and professionals and provides perspectives on the Behavioral Science of Aging for researchers and professionals from other disciplines.
Abstract: The Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Seventh Edition, provides a basic reference source on the behavioral processes of aging for researchers, graduate students, and professionals. It also provides perspectives on the behavioral science of aging for researchers and professionals from other disciplines. The book is organized into four parts. Part 1 reviews key methodological and analytical issues in aging research. It examines some of the major historical influences that might provide explanatory mechanisms for a better understanding of cohort and period differences in psychological aging processes. Part 2 includes chapters that discuss the basics and nuances of executive function; the history of the morphometric research on normal brain aging; and the neural changes that occur in the brain with aging. Part 3 deals with the social and health aspects of aging. It covers the beliefs that individuals have about how much they can control various outcomes in their life; the impact of stress on health and aging; and the interrelationships between health disparities, social class, and aging. Part 4 discusses the emotional aspects of aging; family caregiving; and mental disorders and legal capacities in older adults. * Contains all the main areas of psychological gerontological research in one volume* Entire section on neuroscience and aging* Begins with a section on theory and methods* Edited by one of the father of gerontology (Schaie) and contributors represent top scholars in gerontology
3,633 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework is developed to analyze and evaluate business response patterns under different temporal and sociocultural conditions, and corporate responses are classified along three dimensions: corporate behavior or social obligation, social responsibility, and social responsiveness.
Abstract: A conceptual framework is developed to analyze and evaluate business response patterns under different temporal and sociocultural conditions. Corporate responses are classified along three dimensions: corporate behavior or social obligation, social responsibility, and social responsiveness. The contextual component (external environment) is analyzed by dividing the elapsed time between the emergence of a problem and its ultimate solution into four categories: the preproblem stage, the problem identification stage, the remedy and relief stage, and the prevention stage. Examples of current application of the framework and directions for future research are indicated.
558 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative and absolute decline of the American manufacturing belt is examined as a core-periphery realignment process and the decentralization of production is related conceptually to the product cycle model and tested empirically using shift-share analysis.
Abstract: Norton R. D. and Rees J. (1979) The product cycle and the spatial decentralization of American manufacturing, Reg. Studies 13, 141–151. The relative and absolute decline of the American Manufacturing Belt is examined as a core-periphery realignment process. The decentralization of production is related conceptually to the product cycle model and tested empirically using shift-share analysis. The spread of innovative capacity and rapid growth industries to the states of the American South and West is seen as a reversal in traditional regional roles.
300 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of father custody on children's social development were studied by comparing children whose fathers have been awarded custody, children whose mothers have been granted custody, and children from intact families.
Abstract: The effects of father custody on children's social development are being studied by comparing children whose fathers have been awarded custody, children whose mothers have been awarded custody, and children from intact families. Half of the subjects are boys, and half are girls aged 6–11 years. Families are matched on SES, family size, and sibling status. The data presented here were based primarily on videotaped observations of parent-child interaction in 60 families. The most intriguing findings to date suggest that children living with the opposite sex parent (father custody girls and mother custody boys) are less well adjusted than children living with the same sex parent. However, in both father custody and mother custody families, authoritative parenting by the custodial parent was positively linked with the child's competent social behavior. Also, in both sets of divorced families, contact with additional adult caretakers was associated with positive social behaviors shown by the child.
254 citations
TL;DR: In this paper various path cover problems, arising in program testing, are discussed and it is shown that rmding a minimum path cover for a set of required pairs is NP-hard.
Abstract: In this paper various path cover problems, arising in program testing, are discussed. Dilworth's theorem for acyclic digraphs is generalized. Two methods for fmding a minimum set of paths (minimum path cover) that covers the vertices (or the edges) of a digraph are given. To model interactions among code segments, the notions of required pairs and required paths are introduced. It is shown that rmding a minimum path cover for a set of required pairs is NP-hard. An efficient algorithm is given for findng a minimum path cover for a set of required paths. Other constrained path problems are contsidered and their complexities are discussed.
154 citations
TL;DR: In this article, regional shifts in manufacturing are related to the influence of technological change and the product-cycle model, and these changes are viewed over time as manifestations of regional life cycles analogous to Kondratieff-type long waves.
Abstract: Dramatic shifts in regional economic activity have taken place in the United States in recent times. Regional shifts in manufacturing are related here to the influence of technological change and the product-cycle model. These changes are viewed over time as manifestations of regional life cycles analogous to Kondratieff-type long waves.
131 citations
TL;DR: A flexible system of insulin delivery, as is provided by certain open-loop pump systems, can overcome inappropriate glucagon secretion that occurs with conventional insulin therapy.
Abstract: Near-normal glucoregulation was maintained in five patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus for 4–5 wk with a preprogrammed, continuous, subcutaneous insulin infusion using a portable battery-powered infusion pump. This form of therapy significantly lowered immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) levels below those observed while on conventional insulin treatment at several times during the 24-h profile. The maximum IRG levels were also reduced in all five subjects. Thus, a flexible system of insulin delivery, as is provided by certain open-loop pump systems, can overcome inappropriate glucagon secretion that occurs with conventional insulin therapy.
94 citations
TL;DR: There is a large excess of all primordial noble gases on Venus relative to Earth, and there appears to be a considerably higher abundance of sulfur compounds below 20 kilometers than in or above the main cloud layer.
Abstract: Results from the Pioneer Venus sounder probe neutral mass spectrometer indicate that there is no difference in the isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen between Venus and Earth to within +/- 5 percent The mixing ratio of nitrogen is 35(+3)(-2) percent with an isotopic ratio within 20 percent of that of Earth The ratio of argon-36 to argon-40 is 85 percent, and the ratio of argon-38 to argon-36 is 20 percent The mixing ratios of argon-36 and argon-40 are approximately 40 and 50 parts per million, respectively, with an error of about a factor of 2 (mainly toward a lesser amount) resulting from uncertainty in the response of the ion pump to rare gases Hydrogen chloride cannot account for more than a few percent of the 36 mass peak, and therefore the large excess of primordial argon is a reasonable conclusion The ratio of neon-20 to argon-36 of 05 +/- 03 is definitely terrestrial in character rather than solar These results indicate that there is a large excess of all primordial noble gases on Venus relative to Earth There appears to be a considerably higher abundance of sulfur compounds below 20 kilometers than in or above the main cloud layer The 32 and 60 mass peaks show a sharp increase below 22 kilometers, indicating the possible production of sulfur and carbon oxysulfide (COS) at the expense of sulfur dioxide
91 citations
TL;DR: Uranium-lead isotopic data indicate that the granulite-facies Napier complex of Enderby Land, Antarctica, was cut by charnockitic pegmatites 2.5 billion years ago and by pegmatite lacking hypersthene 0.52 billion years earlier.
Abstract: Uranium-lead isotopic data indicate that the granulite-facies Napier complex of Enderby Land, Antarctica, was cut by charnockitic pegmatites 2.5 billion years ago and by pegmatites lacking hypersthene 0.52 billion years ago. The 4-bil-lion-years lead-lead ages (whole rock) reported for the Napier complex are rejected since these leads developed in three stages. Reconstructions of Gondwanaland suggest that the Napier complex may be a continuation of the Archean granulitic terrain of southern India.
67 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, an optimal control problem for the dynamics of a contagion model, the optimal control being the rate of advertising expenditure that maximizes the present value of net profit streams over an infinite horizon, is considered.
Abstract: This paper considers an optimal control problem for the dynamics of a contagion model, the optimal control being the rate of advertising expenditure that maximizes the present value of net profit streams over an infinite horizon. By using a Green's theorem approach, it is shown that there are multiple optimal stationary equilibria and that the optimal path from any given initial condition is a nearest feasible path to one of these equilibria.
63 citations
TL;DR: It has become apparent that the immune system is characterized by an extensive diversity of its cell types, as well as a complexity of interactions between them, and one approach toward defining the nature of the cells and their contribution to host defense is to investigate immune function within a cellular system of limited heterogeneity.
Abstract: It has become apparent that the immune system is characterized by an extensive diversity of its cell types, as well as a complexity of interactions between them. One approach toward defining the nature of the cells and their contribution to host defense is to investigate immune function within a cellular system of limited heterogeneity. Tumors derived from cells of the immune system have therefore been extensively used as models of clones of immune cells which can be subjected to biological and biochemical analysis. Plasmacytomas in mice and humans, representing the terminal stages of B cell differentiation, have proven useful in this regard, providing information concerning antibody structure and metabolism. B lymphocyte leukemias in humans (Fu & Kunkel 1974) and guinea pigs (Shevach & Schwartz 1977, Green et al. 1977) have been examined with respect to surface Ig and alloantigen expression for several years. Recently, several reports of murine B cell tumors have appeared. Abelson virus-transformed cell lines have been shown to produce immunoglobulin molecules and insert them in the cell membrane, simulating the antigen receptors on normal B lymphocytes (Premkumar et al. 1975). Other spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumors recently reported have resembled B lymphocytes by criteria such as the presence of surface IgM, IgD, the surface Ig turnover rate and sugar composition, the presence of an Fc-receptor and the response to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (Bergman & Haimovitch 1977, Bergman et al. 1977, Paige et al. 1978, Kanier et al. 1978).
TL;DR: For particular populations, the change in probability of correct classilication caused by adding dimensions is given here to give insight into how many variables one should use for fixed training data sizes, especially when dealing with the populations of these studies.
Abstract: This paper is a continuation of earlier work (Van Ness and Simpson [9]) studying the high dimensionality problem in discriminant analysis. Frequently one has potentially many possible variables (dimensions) to be measured on each object but is limited to a fixed training data size. For particular populations, we give here the change in probability of correct classilication caused by adding dimensions. This gives insight into how many variables one should use for fixed training data sizes, especially when dealing with the populations of these studies. We consider six basic discriminant analysis algorithms. Graphs are provided which compare the relative performance of the algorithms in high dimensions.
TL;DR: A significant degree of inotropic reserve, as assessed by PESP, dopamine, and isoproterenol, exists in segments with moderate ischemic dysfunction for 24 h but for only 2 h after coronary occlusion in those segments with the most severe isChemic dysfunction.
Abstract: Characterization of the temporal evolution of resting segmental function and inotropic reserve after coronary occlusion may be important in evaluating attempts to salvage ischemic but non-necrotic myocardium. Accordingly, we chronically implanted up to six pairs of pulse-transit piezoelectric crystals in the left ventricular myocardium of dogs to measure segmental wall thickness. Segments were separated into groups according to the loss of net systolic thickening (NET) at 5 min postocclusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in awake, unsedated dogs. Group 1 included segments with NET values of 67--100+ (percent control); group 2 between 67 and 0; and group 3 less than 0 (paradoxical motion). 5 min after coronary occlusion, group 1 NET was 92 +/- 5% (SEM) although significant decreases occurred in NET in group 2 (36 +/- 4%) and group 3 segments (-33 +/- 5%). Between 5 min and 24 h after coronary occlusion, no further significant changes occurred in NET in groups 1, 2, and 3 crystals. Some segments underwent further functional deterioration between 24 h and 1 wk after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, although no overall change occurred in segments with mild to moderate ischemic dysfunction. Segments with NET less than 0 at 24 h, on the other hand, exhibited a reduction in aneurysmal bulging between 24 h and 1 wk from -41 +/- 10 to -23 +/- 11% (n = 12, P = 0.02). Inotropic reserve was assessed with postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) in 14 dogs, and with infusions of dopamine (11 dogs), and isoproterenol (13 dogs). PESP was the most potent intervention and produced a significant augmentation in NET in group 2 crystals at 1, 2, 4, 6,8, and 24 h after coronary occlusion but only at 1 and 2 h in NET in group 3 crystals. Thus, following experimental coronary occlusion, the evolution of ischemic segmental dysfunction is dynamic and variable. A significant degree of inotropic reserve, as assessed by PESP, dopamine, and isoproterenol, exists in segments with moderate ischemic dysfunction for 24 h but for only 2 h after coronary occlusion in those segments with the most severe ischemic dysfunction. In addition, at least some segmental sites with mild to moderate ischemic dysfunction at 24 h deteriorate further between 24 h and 1 wk after experimental coronary occlusion.
TL;DR: Corporations have been increasingly resorting to institutional advertising campaigns to express managements' viewpoints on controversial social issues where their vital economic interests are at stake as discussed by the authors, where they are at risk.
Abstract: Corporations have been increasingly resorting to institutional advertising campaigns to express managements’ viewpoints on controversial social issues where their vital economic interests are at st...
TL;DR: In this paper, three basic types of settling velocity frequency distributions were recognized: P1 profile, a low, flat distribution pattern indicating very poor sorting; P2 profile, which shows a distinctive mode; and P3 profile composed predominantly of fine materials.
Abstract: Settling velocity distributions and magnetic fabrics in sediments from the Pico Formation were studied in order to determine the relationships between these properties and the observed sedimentary structures, and to evaluate the processes of deposition of turbidites.
Three basic types of settling velocity frequency distributions were recognized: P1 profile, a low, flat distribution pattern indicating very poor sorting; P2 profile, a distribution which shows a distinctive mode; and P3 profile, a slope-shaped pattern composed predominantly of fine materials. P1 was found in the graded and massive divisions of turbidites; P2 was found in the lower division of horizontal stratification and the ripple stratification division; P3 was found in the uppermost divisions. Comparison of these patterns with previous results from modern sediments reveals that P2 and P3 are similar to patterns found in fluvial environments, whereas P1 was quite rare in “normal” current- or wave-formed deposits.
The uniqueness of the graded and massive division is also evident in the results of the magnetic analysis. Although the magnetic fabrics in the upper parts of turbidites show similarity to other current-formed fabrics, the magnetic fabrics of the graded and massive divisions are quite different. The magnetic fabrics in the graded and massive divisions are characterized by (1) the presence of the current-normal orientation, and (2) less foliated and in-homogeneous fabrics which are indicated by high imbrication and q -value as well as large standard deviations of q -value and K max directions. Comparison with results from modern sediments indicates that fabric characteristics in the sediments of the graded and massive divisions are best explained by a combination of (1) an orientation mechanism related to layer by layer grain collision in a highly concentrated flow and (2) an orientation mechanism related to the suspension of grains in a viscous flow. This evidence indicates that a highly concentrated and partly viscous basal flow in turbidity currents may be responsible for the deposition of the lower part of the graded division and the massive division, whereas a more diluted flow may be responsible for the deposition of the upper divisions.
TL;DR: The Mariquita Chert of the Bermeja Complex in southwestern Puerto Rico contains radiolarians ranging in age from early Tithonian to late Aptian as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Mariquita Chert of the Bermeja Complex in southwestern Puerto Rico contains radiolarians ranging in age from early Tithonian to late Aptian. Local stratigraphic and structural relations indicate that Puerto Rican ultramafic rocks are as old as or older than the chert; they are thus probably Jurassic or older. These rocks are the first pre-Cretaceous rock assemblages between Cuba and La Desirade (Lesser Antilles) to be identified, and they document the presence of pre-Cretaceous oceanic crust in the northeastern Caribbean. Subduction of the Caribbean plate beneath the North American plate, ending in the Early Cretaceous, destroyed most of this old oceanic crust and created a belt of metamorphosed volcanic and ophiolitic rocks now exposed in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. The maximum radiometric ages from this belt are 127 m.y. Younger rocks were superimposed on the older belt when subduction polarity reversed and the North American plate was subducted beneath the Caribbean plate from 110 to 45 m.y. ago.
TL;DR: Longitudinal data on perceptual-motor, cognitive, and linguistic functioning is reported for two children with right hemispherectomy, suggestive of adult patterns of hemispheric specialization, despite the young age of the subjects at the time of brain damage.
TL;DR: A similarly high frequency of heterozygosity in the mouse H–2 complex in a population of mice is reported, in spite of a social structure that would tend to reduceheterozygosity.
Abstract: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a cluster of genetic loci coding for cell surface molecules that seem to be the second most important element of the vertebrate immune system after immunoglobulins1. The MHC loci can be divided into three classes. Class I loci code for molecules of about 44,000 molecular weight (MW) which seem to function as markers of self in T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Class II loci code for molecules consisting of two polypeptide chains, of MW 34,000 and 28,000 respectively, which are believed to regulate the immune response by controlling the behaviour of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. Each molecule may carry several antigens—one ‘private’ (characteristic for the allele controlling this molecule) and several ‘public’ ones2 (shared with molecules controlled by other alleles). Class III loci code for serum proteins. One of the most characteristic and remarkable properties of the MHC loci, in particular class I, is their genetic polymorphism, defined as the existence in a population of two or more alleles at appreciable frequencies3–5. In H–2, the MHC of the mouse, individual alleles at class I K and D loci occur in the two populations that have been studied thus far with an average frequency of about 2% (ref. 5). We estimate, therefore, that these two populations contain some 100 alleles at each of the two loci. The polymorphism of class II locus A seems to be somewhat lower than that of the class I loci (average allelic frequency of 2–5%), while at the second class II locus (E) only five alleles have been identified5. The polymorphism implies that a high degree of heterozygosity should exist at the MHC loci in natural populations, and this has been found at the HLA loci, the human MHC (for review see ref. 6). We report here a similarly high frequency of heterozygosity in the mouse H–2 complex in a population of mice, in spite of a social structure that would tend to reduce heterozygosity.
TL;DR: Modification of the carbohydrate portions of the fetal calf serum factor by glycosidic enzymes or by periodate oxidation did not alter its ability to promote cell spreading and modification of some protein portions by proteolytic enzyme or by specific modification of tyrosine residues resulted in a marked inhibition of factor activity.
TL;DR: This paper outlines a programming language notation for interprocess communication in which processes are synchronized by the messages they exchange and suggests an alternative convention in which communication and synchronization are partially uncoupled from one another.
Abstract: In his recent paper, “Communicating Sequential Processes” (Comm. ACM 21, 8 (Aug. 1978), 666-677), C.A.R. Hoare outlines a programming language notation for interprocess communication in which processes are synchronized by the messages they exchange. The notation carries with it certain implications for the synchronization protocols required in a message transfer. These are not at all obvious and are made explicit here. An alternative convention is suggested in which communication and synchronization are partially uncoupled from one another.
TL;DR: Initial examination of data from the neutral mass spectrometer on the Pioneer Venus sounder probe indicates that the abundances of argon, argon-38, and neon-20 in the Venus atmosphere are much higher than those of the corresponding gases in Earth's atmosphere, although the abundance of radiogenic argon -40 is apparently similar for both planets.
Abstract: Initial examination of data from the neutral mass spectrometer on the Pioneer Venus sounder probe indicates that the abundances of argon-36, argon-38, and neon-20 in the Venus atmosphere are much higher than those of the corresponding gases in Earth's atmosphere, although the abundance of radiogenic argon-40 is apparently similar for both planets. The lower atmosphere of Venus includes significant concentrations of various gaseous sulfur compounds. The inlet leak to the mass spectrometer was temporarily blocked by an apparently liquid component of the Venus clouds during passage through the dense cloud layer. Analysis of gases released during the evaporation of the droplets shows the presence of water vapor to some compound or compounds of sulfur.
29 Oct 1979
TL;DR: This paper is concerned with the problem of developing locking protocols for ensuring the consistency of database systems that are accessed concurrently by a number of independent transactions and shows the weak protocol to ensure consistency and deadlock-freedom only for databases that are organized as trees.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the problem of developing locking protocols for ensuring the consistency of database systems that are accessed concurrently by a number of independent transactions It is assumed that the database is modelled by a directed acyclic graph whose vertices correspond to the database entities, and whose arcs correspond to certain locking restrictions Several locking protocols are presented The weak protocol is shown to ensure consistency and deadlock-freedom only for databases that are organized as trees For the databases that are organized as directed acyclic graphs, the strong protocol is presented Discussion of SHARED and EXCLUSIVE locks is also included
TL;DR: In the case of sub-storm aurora as mentioned in this paper, the acceleration of electrons precipitated by relatively low-altitude magnetic-field-aligned potential drops has been observed to increase the transverse component of the electric field.
TL;DR: J. M. Field's work demonstrates convincingly that the role of priests, shrines, magic and religious ritual in Ghana are essential in mitigating and curing psychosomatic illnesses as well as controlling neuroses.
Abstract: Most of the literature concerning traditional African medical practice has dealt with aspects often deemed ‘irrational,’ such as the role of priests, shrines, magic and religious ritual. M. J. Field's work demonstrates convincingly that these aspects of medical treatment in Ghana are essential in mitigating and curing psychosomatic illnesses as well as controlling neuroses. The emphasis on religious and psychological methods of treatment, however, can often lead to less perceptive conclusions, such as those of U.S. doctors visiting Ghana in 1960 who stated flatly that traditional medical practices there consist solely of ‘ignorance and superstition’ and that ‘witchdoctor … medicine man and native doctor are synonymous terms.
TL;DR: All cases of bilateral temporal bone fractures at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas over a 10‐year period from 1968 to 1978 are reviewed and discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The types of temporal bone fractures, longitudinal and transverse, are reviewed. All cases of bilateral temporal bone fractures at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas over a 10-year period from 1968 to 1978 are reivewed and discussed by the authors. One hundred sixty patients with the diagnosis of base of skull fractures were studied. Fifty-nine of these were temporal bone fractures and 17 of the 59 were bilateral. Of all the base of skull fractures, 10% were bilateral temporal bone fractures and 29% of all temporal bone fractures were bilateral. For each case the method of injury, the extent of damage to hearing and facial nerve function, presence of CSF otorrhea, X-ray findings, and additional complications are summarized and the results discussed. The operative findings of facial nerve decompressions are carefully reviewed. The authors' method of caring for temporal bone fractures is presented.
TL;DR: An action spectrum has been determined for photoreactivation of the PtK‐2 mammalian cell line of Potorous tridactylus, and maximum effectiveness occurs around 366 nm, but appreciable photo‐reactivation occurs at wavelengths as long as 546 nm.
Abstract: — An action spectrum has been determined for photoreactivation of the PtK-2 mammalian cell line of Potorous tridactylus. Maximum effectiveness occurs around 366 nm, but appreciable photo-reactivation occurs at wavelengths as long as 546 nm.
01 Aug 1979
TL;DR: The proposed approach allows substantial a priori visibility determination for all possible objects without any manual intervention, and the reduction in overall processing and memory requirements enabled by this approach may be quite significant, especially for those applications in which numerous visible surface images are generated from a relatively stable data base.
Abstract: The principal calculation performed by all visible surface algorithms is the determination of the visible polygon at each pixel in the image. Of the many possible speedups and efficiencies found for this problem, only one published algorithm (developed almost a decade ago by a group at General Electric) took advantage of an observation that many visibility calculations could be performed without knowledge of the eventual viewing position and orientation—once for all possible images. The method is based on a “potential obscuration” relation between polygons in the simulated environment. Unfortunately, the method worked only for certain objects; unmanagable objects had to be manually (and expertly!) subdivided into managable pieces.Described in this paper is a solution to this problem which allows substantial a priori visibility determination for all possible objects without any manual intervention. The method also identifies the ( hopefully, few) visibility calculations which remain to be performed after the viewing position is specified. Also diescussed is the development of still stronger solutions which could further reduce the number of these visibility calculations remaining at image generation time.The reduction in overall processing and memory requirements enabled by this approach may be quite significant, especially for those applications (e.g., 3-D simulation, animation, interactive design) in which numerous visible surface images are generated from a relatively stable data base.
TL;DR: A theoretical analysis is presented which permits a simple and accurate method to determine this initiation mass from a few parameters easily observable with exponential cultures, without the need for age fractionation.
TL;DR: Initial rate of uptake of 3H‐glycine by Escherichia coli B/r was measured immediately after irradiation with monochromatic light, suggesting two different uptake systems.
Abstract: — Initial rate of uptake of 3H-glycine by Escherichia coli B/r was measured immediately after irradiation with monochromatic light. Uptake was proportional to time for at least 2 min in both control and irradiated samples. Inhibition of uptake is an exponential function of fluence to about 20% remaining activity, beyond which it is much more resistant to irradiation, suggesting two different uptake systems. The principal (sensitive) system shows an F37 of 2.2 kJ/m2 at 280 nm and 110 kJ/m2 at 334 nm. The response is independent of cell killing and of presence of the rel gene. The chromophore remains unidentified, although an action spectrum suggests a protein chromophore in the far-UV (below 300 nm) region and a menaquinone chromophore in the near-ultraviolet (above 300 nm).
A 10–20%, stimulation of uptake rate, which we cannot account for, is observed at low fluences (generally below 100 kJ/m2) at 313, 366 and 405 nm, but not at 334 nm.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed literature discussing the social role training and occupational readiness of American blacks for their propensity to identify with the four themes of the work ethic and incorporated these findings within a new conceptual model.
Abstract: Literature discussing the social role training and occupational readiness of American blacks for their propensity to identify with the four themes of the work ethic is reviewed. The findings are incorporated within a new conceptual model. It depicts the mechanism of how black ethnic values, coupled with negative job experiences, prevent a large majority of the black population from strongly identifying with the work ethic. Implications for organizational policy and the utility of culture-assimilator training for bringing about the necessary organizational integration are discussed.